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Si

Ibe Society of tbe ■Hew jjorh Iboepttal,

/Darcb, 1898.

MEDICAL EDUCATION

AND

PEACTICE

^1

MEDICAL EDUCATION

AND

PEACTICE

MEDICAL EDUCATION

AND

PRACTICE

J - J • ■*

- - - - * *

•• •••

• • •

• • •
• • •

• • •

ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD

BY

HERBERT JUNIUS HARDWICKE, M.D.

limMBBIl OV THB BOTAL COLLBftB OV FHTIICIAHI* AHD VIILLOW Of THB BOTAL COLLBSB OF SUBftBOlfli
■DinBOBftH ; FBLLOW OV THB If BDICAI. 80CIBTT, lOHDOIf \ FHTSICIAIt TO THB BHBrFIBLD FOBLIC
HOIFITAL FOB DI8BA8BB OF THB BXIlf ; AUTHOB OF ** ftUIDB TO BOBOFBAH UHIVBBIITIBB ;"

BTC, BTCt

1880

PEESLEY BLAKISTON

1012, WALNUT STEEET

PHILADELPHIA

3

» • ••

•

.• •

• •• 4

• • •

• •

• • • •

• •

• ^

• • 4

• ••

•• •

•• •••

• •

•••

••• t

* • •

• • •

• • •

• • •

• • •

• •

•..: :

•• •

• • • •

• • •

• •

• •

< • • *

» • • •

• • • • •

The Author begs most sincerely to thank those gentle-
men who have so kindly furnished him with information
respecting the Universities and Medical Laws in Foreign
Countries, without whose kind help the work would not
have been at all complete.

Pabefield HorsE,

Shepfield; Juhft 1880.

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

INTBODUOTION

[ Ire success attending ttie pulilicatioa
<rf mj ' QaiJe to European Univeraitles'
liBS inilaceil me to reprojuce the informa-
tion it cantained in a larger form, together
witli a conaidernblo amount of more recent
info rill iition, which I hrvve obtained from
viirions parts of the civiliseil ivorld. My
last booV Gontaioed merely the rogoIationB
fur grauting the medical degree at most of
tbe European Continental Universities, to-
gether with soma minor informatioD con-
cerning tbe Uniieraitiea thcmeelvee, whilst
in thi« will be contained the conditions
under which d medical practitioner may
practise his profeuion, and tbe reqnire-
menls for tbe medical degree at tbe Uni-
versitiea and Medioal Corpora biong in almost
all the civilised countries of the world.
Tbe want of such a book has been long leli
by those who take any interest in the ques-
tion of medical education, and is more espe-
cially needed at tbe present time, when
our Iiegislature is about to introduce a
number of reforms relative to both tbe edu-
cation and practice of medical men. The
uspf ulness of inch a book as this will be of
a twofold nnture. Not only will it serve
as a reference book for tboaealjout tu enter
the Diedical profeaaion, or who, having al-
ready done so, contemplate a cbangn of
country, but its circulation will tend to
aroaae tlie profession from that condition
of apathy into which it has aunk in some
parts of tbe world, and to lessen those de-
grading practices indulged in by aome of
the remotely aituatod medical collets,
which lire as derogatory to the profession
as they are injuriona to the commuDity at
large. For by comparing the Universitiea
of good andbadrcputein the various conn-
tiioa of the world a degree of Imntenr and
sense of superiority over others will be
aroused, on tlie one band, and an amount
of jealousy and feeling of inferiority on the
other, which, though iu themselves nny-

thing but agreeable or deairahlecondltiooa,
will, in the end, more than anything else,
tend to promote the higher elevation of the
standard oC medical education. TheeSect
of such a condition of things must be ob-
vious. It will be made known to the world
that certnia institutions insist opon such
an excellent system of medical education
that their graduates are justly entitled to
the respect and confidence of tbe pubhc,
whilst others are satisfied with the moat
meagre and irregular system, well suited
to the indoleore and ignorance of the nn-
Bcrupulous and unprincipled adventurer,
the impostor, and the qaach, and the men
who have failed to pass the emminationa
of more respectable mstitutions. The re-
sult will be that those of them which are
firmly established, favorably sitnated, and
possessed of an efficient teaching staff and
focliities for study, will quickly fDllow in
the footsteps of (hose who have already
adopted a high standard of medical educa-
tion. They will not allow tbomselves to
be subjected to invidiona compariaona,
which would be constantly made between
them and their more progressive niiigh-
hours. But such Universities a? are ill
fitted to bestow a respectable education
upon their students will either ceaae to
exist altogether, or continue to grant
worthless degrees, which each year will he
the more easily distinguiahed from those of
a superior order. In proportion to the
height of the educational standard at the
Univeraitiea and Medical Boards will, aa a
role, be found to correapond the stringency
of the laws affecting the medical pro-
fession. Thua, in countries where the me-

and irregularly condocted, and the required
studies insufficient, the medical laws wilt
be found to be exceedingly elastic and
fective, and the health and consi
happiness of the people i

'\ .

2

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

ooudition. But in those where the edaca-
tional standard is high we shall find the
reverse to be the case. In such will be
found exccUent laws for the preservation
of health and for the prevention of disease,
established for the guidance and by the
advice of an intelligent and well-informed
assembly of medical practitioners. In our
own country, although our medical laws
are not as perfect as we might wish,
owing to the great difficulty of medical
legislation in these days of almost miracu-
lous development of the sciences, which
demands such a constant and thorough re-
modelling of the laws aftecting the medical
profession as to render it almost impossible
for any body of legislators to supply laws
with sufficient rapidity to meet the de-
mand, yet we have much to be thankful
for, that our system of medical and gene-
ral education has attained a high emi-
"nence; and we justly and naturally feci
somewhat proud of this. But, at the same
time, we should guard against any over-
estimation of our own im])ortancc, and
must not forget that we are followed very
closely indeed by other countries. The
temple of science has not been raised to
its present commanding height, or deco-
rated with its beautiful proportions and
embellishments by the exertions of any one
country. If we shut our eyes to all that
other nations have contributed, and are
still contributing, we should survey only
a few columns of the majestic fabricf and
never rise to an adequate conception of the
whole. Our insular position, by restricting
intercourse, has contributed to generate a
contempt for foreigners and their institu-
tions, and an unreasonable notion of our
own importance, which is often very ludi-
crous, and always to be regretted. The
country which has done the most for science
will certainly be the last to assert its pre-
tensions, and a readiness to allow the merits
of others will be the most powerful means,
next to modesty and diffidence, of recom-
mending our own to imitation. If we come
to the extraordinary resolution of attending
only to what has been done by Englishmen
in medical science we shall have to go back
to a state of comparative darkness; for such
it must needs be deemed if wo exclude the
strong light which has been thrown upon
medical subjects from Italy, Austria, Ger-
many, and France. For instance, at the
first institution of the French Academy of
Science, towards the middle of the last cen-
tury, some of its members occupied them;
selves with the useful undertaking of dis-
secting animals, and of describing and

illustrating them by figures. This academy,
to whose meml^rs we owe these splendid
and useful labours, was founded by
Louis XIV and his minister Colbert, and
when we review the long list of illustrions
names which adorn its annals, and bring
together the numberless accessions to almost
every branch of science which have been
the fruit of their exertions through the
reigns of its despotic founder and his uo
less despotic successors to the present time,
we shall be constrained to admit that our
own country, which boasts of a free Govern-
ment, an intellectual society, and a higb
standard of education, may take a lesson
from them. And, although we feel justly
proud of such names as Hunter and Har-
vey, we may still give the honour due to
those of Malpighi, Cesalpino, De Graaf,
Hallcr, Camper, Blnmenbach, Spallanzani,
Cuvier, Scarpa, and Virchow. These gpreat
men, though bom in different countries,
have all been contributors to one* common
end — the advancement of useful knowledge.
Nothing opposes the advancement of
science so much as those exaggerated na-
tional claims and unfounded national
antipathies, which exist in all coun-
tries of the world, but more especially in
these islands. Instead of shutting him-
self up in an island and abusing the rest
of mankind, the scientific man should
make the world his country, should
trample beneath his feet those prejudices
which the vulgar and ignorant so fondly
liug to their bosoms, and should sweep
from his mind the dross and cobwebs of all
partiality and enmity which darken and
disturb his perceptions and fetter the ope-
rations of the intellect. Then, as his eyes
opened, and he beheld the wonders of the
universe outside his own little sphere, he
would begin at length to awaken to a sense
of his own insignificance, and to recognise
the fact that others besides himself and
his own countrymen are advancing in
civilization and scientific culture.

The same contempt for foreigners and
their institutions which exists in such a
marked degree in this country also exists
in a more or less modified form in most
countries of the world. It is but lately
that the French Government arrived at
the unhappy determination of depriving all
foreign medical practitioners of the right
of practising in the Republic, without first
undergoing the examinations required for
the French licfenc e. All foreign physicians,
whether graduates of the bogus Universi-
ties with which, until lately, the United
States of America abounded, rr of such

JSTEODUCTION

Brst-closa Universities as exist in Enropo,
WL'ro included in tliia sweeping fiat, which
RHUsed grMit indignation in this conntrj on
sccoant of the sappoaed sliglit it offered to
our TJnivanity degrees, notwithstanding
the faot that our own medicnl lawa would
not admit to tlie Tcginter the medical de-
greei of any other conntrj. The eaino oc-
currence took jilace n short time ^nce in
the province of Ontario, in Canada, the
rcaaou for wliich wna that their 'graduates
were not allowed to register ns practi-
tioQcra in this conntry without nudeigaing
fresh exsmiDDtions. Such want of mutual
respect nnd reciprocity is, without douht,
a serious obstacle to the free and uniuter-
ruptod intercoutae which should constantly
be takiog place between scicutiBc men of
different countriflSi bnt, at the same time,
we must admit that it will have a tendency
to keep the standard of medical education
up to a good level, hy canning invidiona
comparisons to be conatantly made be-
twoen the systems oiiating ' in difierent
countriea, which will arouse a useful spirit
of campctition for the more honorable

The cry for medicfil reform has become
■0 univeraal that one can hardly tuke up a
mcilical journal without Jinding an article
or letter on the subject, and iu our own
country, at tha pi-eaent time, tha governing
bodies are bniily engaged rraming; neiv
iuvs fur the batter eilacation of medical
practitioners, the official, recognition of
foreign medical qua! ifl cat ions of good re-
pute, nnd the estahliahment of a central
licenmng board. There ore many and se-
Tions obstaclea to be met wicli in accom-
plisliing such a task, which must neceasa-
lily cBuso great delays, and may lead some
to think that, after all, the reforms so
much Deeded ai'e not destined to be com-
plcttkt to Che satisfaction of the profeisiciu
and the public in our genenttion. It is to
ba hoped that tlicne doubts may not be
realiacil, nnd that we may soon be able to
boast of as good a medical code is exists In
any other Europeau state. It ia a remark-
able fact that, in splEcof the advanced state
of medical education in Oreat Britain nnd
Ireland, there is scarcely a European coun-
try where the legal conditions for practice
are in sncban nnsBtlsfactory state; scarcely
anywhere in Europe can a licence to prac-
tise be obtained upon such easy conditiona,
and nowhere are the laws for preventing
illegal practice so easily and ao often evaded
and set at nought. In France. Austro-
Hungary, Italyj Rnasiii, and Sweden, all ihi-
■uuuiniug bodies ara regulated by the

Government, and here exactly the same
requirements for the madicaJ license; in
Germany, Denmark, Norway, Holland,
Spain, Switierland, Portugal, Greene,
Servia, and fioumania, there is but ons
State licensing Board; and iu Belgium
there are two Slate Universities, which
grant the licence on similar terms; whilst
Great Britain nnd Ireland there are
leteen different licensing bodies, each
granting several qualifications, the require^
ments for which are not in two cases alike,
and which, together, make the number of
diplomas for legal practice amount toEftj-
five; so that there may be fifty-fire medi-
cnl practitioners in one town, not two of
whom are similiirly qualified. These dif-
ferent diplomas are the canae of a great
amount of jealousy nnd ill feeling in the
ranks of the professiou,and are exceedingly
confusing to the noa-profeasionai pnblio.
For, suppose two men, one M.D. of London
and the other L.S.A. of London, apply for
registration. These men, one of whom
possesses a degree which is considered to
be second lo none in the world, and the
other the lowest passible diploma in the
conntrj, are placed side by 6ide upon the
register, with tqoal privileges, as holders
of medical diplomas. This ia manifestly
unjust Ind absurd. The diploma of "Offi-
de Sant^" of Paris might, with far
.ter justice, be ranked with the French
M.D. Again, no one can obtain any of the
above-named Contiucutnl licences to prac-
tise without showDig evidence of tliorough
claaeical and mathematical atndies at a
public lycpum or gymnasium, and nniier-
going examinationa on all medical subjects.
Iu this country, however, a licence to prac-
tise may be obtained by undergoing a pre-
liminary examination of a purely elementary
character, and thenpnssingtheeiaminationa
eorotherof the Medical Boards, some
of which grant diplomas without any exami-
nation in surgaty, and others without any
examination in midwifery, jurisprudence,
chemistry, materia medica, or toxicology.
Bearing these facts in mind, it is not to be
wondered at that the bare suggestion of n
conjoint examination scheme is hailed with
the liveliest satisfaction by all parties con-
cerned. It is, however, doobtful whether
the public and the profession will be satis-
fied at having a conjoint examining Board
established without, at the sama time,
having a general reformation in the exist-
ing laws relating to medical education.
The courses of lectures for medical studenls
need to be eonsiiierahly les»ened and lietter
adjuatcdj the vcied question of restdenca

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

for our University medical degrees once for
all settled by throwing them all open ;
and medical students and graduates of
respectable Foreign and Colonial Universi-
ties and Colleges allowed the same pro-
fessional f)rivileges as those of our own
country. I think those who have paid any
attention to the subject of medical educa-
tion will admit that a great amount of
valuable time, which ought to be devoted
to study, is undoubtedly wasted in attend-
ance on a number of useless discourses,
often badly delivered, and genesally quite
unintelligible to the majority of the stu-
dents who hear them. This, it must be
understood, is .intended to apply to the
theoretical lectures only, and not to those
practical and experimental courses con-
ducted in the laboratories, the value of
which is recognised by all. It would be
well were the coming Board to insist upon
more of these practical courses than are at
present required for the licence to practise,
and at the same time make the attendance
on the theoretical lectures optional. It is
much to be regretted that more attention
is not paid in this country to practical
work in the laboratory. With the excep-
tion of the University of Edinburgh and
a few of the London schools the opportuni-
ties for practical research in our medical
schools are scanty. It is this want of in-
terest in practical laboratory work that
has brought our schools, with the above
exceptions, into such disrepute abroad, and,
at the same time, gained for Paris, Vienna,
Berlin, and the other Continental medical
schools, such world-wide fame.

From my own personal experience of
British and Continental schools I can bear
testimony to the vast superiority of the
laboratory arrangements of the latter over
those of the former. This grave defect in
our system of medical education should be
amongst the first to be remedied by the
framers of our new medical laws. The
fees for attendance at the schools and hos-
pitals need also to be considerably lessened,
thus bringing within reach of rich and
poor alike the opportunity of entering the
profession. Such liberal reforms as these
would contribute no less to the advance-
ment of science than to the comfort and
convenience of the community.

In perusing the following pages the
reader will be gratified at learning that
many of the medical corporations in the
United States of America are at last
awaking to a consciousness of their unsa*
tisfactory condition, and seem determined
to make strenuous efforts to place their
Universities on an equal footing with those
of Europe. The paramount importance
of the " almighty dollar" is fast becoming
a thing of the past, and science appears
likely to have as many followers and ad-
mirers there as in Europe. In some of the
States of the Union there exist a great
number of first class and highly respect-
able Universities and Medical Colleges
capable of affording as good and sound an
education as can be obtained in Europe.
Harvard, Pennsylvania, New York, Belle-
vue, and Jefferson, are names honoured as
much in Europe as in America. When,
however, we turn our eyes to the American
republics south of the United States a de-
plorable state of affairs confronts us. In
many of them the teaching of medicine is
entirely neglected, whilst in others the so-
called system of medicine is a mere pre-
tence. With the exception of Chili, Brazil,
the Argentine Confederation, and Vene-
zuela, which have good Universities and
tolerably good medical laws, the condition
of medicine is as bad as can well be ima-
gined. People who fail to make a living
by honest toil invariably, in these smaller
republics, resort to medicine as a means of
livelihood, so that it is far from uncommon
to meet with bankrupt confectioners, un-
fortunate grocers, and the like, in full
practice, parading their names before the
public, through the medium of the daily
papers and advertisement walls, with " Dr "
and " M.D." attached to them, without a
word being said by the authorities. Not-
withstanding the neglected condition of
medicine in these Spanish-American re-
publics, it may be said that the science of
medicine is, at the present time, more
than it ever has been before, in a decidedly
progressive state ; and we may reasonably
expect that, in spite of the many ^ and
great obstacles with which she has to con-
tend, she will, at a time not far distant,
assume that pre-eminent position in the
world to which she is so justly entitled.

EUEOPE

AUSTEO-HnNOABT

No one may pmctise medicine or eurgorj
in any part of this empire who does not
pOBseaa tlie Degree of " Medicinte Doctor "
from one of the UolTcrsitiea in tlie
country, all of which are under Govern-
ment Bupervision, and posseBB einctly tlie
Bame Fognlutiane. The conrae of study nt
the AnEtro-Uongariau schnole of medicine
occupies nine months in each year, and la
arraiiged as follows :

Ist and 2nd years, Anatomy, Physiology,
Chemiatry, PnydcB, Botany, Zoology,
Mineralogy, Histology, DiEsection, and
practical laboratory work in Microscopy,
Chemistry, Physiology and PhysicB.

3rd, 4th, and Sth years. Pathology,
Pathological Anatomy, Histology, Phar-
macology, PoBt-mortem Eiaminations,
Physical Diagnosis, Ohstetrics, Practice of
Medicine, Surgery, Gynmcology, Medical
Jurisprudence, Toxicology, Ophthalmology,
and Clini(», including practical work io
the warda of n Hospital and in a Dispen-

Thc professors have no pecuniary in-
terest in the size of their classes, bnt
receive Gied salories varying Trom £220
to jGiOO, with an addition of fxom £20 to
£S0 every ten years, and have the privi-
lege o£ givipg privnto courses hy vrhieh
their iocome may be increased to ahout
jesoo. The fees for tJie entire course
required for the University degree is about
£50.

The foUowJDg are the reguktlons for
the medical Degree at all Anatrian
Univeraitiea :

1. — In order toobtain a Doctor's Degree
in Medicine, Surgery and Midvriferj, and
the therewith eonaected authority for the
eiorcise of all hranchcs of medical prac-
tice in the Austrian Empire, it is neces-
sary to pass three strict eiaminations
(rigorOBo).

II. — The candidate must make applica-
tion to the Dean of the Medical Faculty
for admiesian to these eiaminations, and,
with this objetl, must enclose the follow-
iug documents. 1.— A certiticiile of his

birth or baptism. 2. —An autheutlo certifi-
cate of matarity From an Institution in
one of the eonutriea repi'esi^nted in the
Imperial Council ; or, if he does not belong
to any of these countries, those certiS-
cates on the grounds of which he was
matriculated as a regular student in medi-
cine. 3. — A certificate of hnviug attended
the medical lectures io the quality of
regular student of medicine for at least four
sesaiuns (semesters), and of having taken
part in dissecting during two seasiona.
4, — Certificates of having Enecessfully
passed three preliminary- oiamiiiations io
natural history. Besides which, before
proceeding to tlie second rigorosum : 6. —
A University certificate for the prescribed
medical quinquennium, in which he gives
particular proofs of attcudanca at the in-
ternal clinics and surgical clinics Cor at
least four sessions, and eye clinics and
midwifery clinica for two stssious- 6. —
A certificate of having passed succegsfully
the first ligorosum.

III. — The first rigorosum compiisea
Physics, Cheuiistrj, Anatomy, Physiology,
and is a complete theoretical eiaminatioQ
in all four branches of this rigorosnm-
The second rigorosum comprises Qeneral
Pathology and Therapeutics, Pathological
Anatomy, Pathological Ulstology, Pharma-
cology, Pharmnco- dynamics. Toxicology,
Internal Medicine, Special Pathology and
Therapentica of loterual Diseases, and
then a practical examination in Patholo-
gical Anatomy (with preparations and the
dead body), and in Internal Medicine (at
the bed-side), and finally, a complete
theoretical examination on all the subjects
of this rigorosum. The thii'd rigoroanm
embraces Surgery, Special Patholi^y and
Therapeutica of Eiternal Diseases, Eye
Diseaaes, (iyniBcology (Midwifery) and
Forensic Medicine; and next, a practical
examination In Sm^ry (at the sick bed
and on the dead body), on Eye DiBeoses
(at the sick bed), and on Midwifery (at
the Eiek bed, on the corpse, or on the
"mannequin"), and Unntl}*, a complete
theoretieul examinaticn ou all the £
jects of this rigoroBum.

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICB

»

IT.— All theie eiaminatiaiia musC take
place at tbo <aine University. Oalj in very
exceptional circumstances call n cunilldate
bo allowed bj the Minister of Instruction,
■with tba consent of the reapective pro-
fcsaorial Colleges, to pass the second or
third rigoroauni at n University other than
that at which he has paused the first.

v.— All three examinations are con-
ducted in pnhlic, but cnch Preiident ie
at liberty to limit scceu to PhysiciauB and
Medical Students.

VI.— The Commission of Eiaminntion
ooDsieta nt each rigorosuiu of a PTcsideDt.
the regular eiaminers, the Qovemraent
CommigBioner. and, at the last rigorraum,
a Co-eiaminer appointed by the Qovern-
ment. Each einroinea.for a quarter of an
hour at each rigoroBum. la those medical
Faculties where there ace Deana, these
take precedence in tlieir functions at the
rigoroBum, and sometimes the appoint-
ment of a Qovermocut Commiasioner is
dispensed witli.

VII.— If the candidate be unsnccessrul
be may again appear. If unsuccessful at
the first rigoroanin he may appear again

nths' t

if at the second

the candidate (ail to satisfy any

examiners he does dot pass. I

date be rejected thrice at any rigoroeni

he can never present liimflelf for examiuD

tiOD again.

10 oC bis
a caudi-

vm.— For each ■

igorOBum

the cniidi-

: pay a fee. For the first, SS
florins ; for the seoond, GO florins ; and fur
the tbird, 66 Serins in Austrian currency,
or tbifl, the President and the Goveni-
inent Commissioner receiie 5 florins each
for their participation in the whole of the
practical examinations of a rigoroBum, and
Its much fer their participotiou in tlie onm-
plete theoretical examinatian ; and farther

5 florins go to each examiner or eo-
Gxaminer for a practical examioation, and

6 florins for their participation in a com-
plete theoretical examination. The re-
mainder falls to the chancel fund of the
University.

IX. — The promolion takes place nnder
the presidency of the Rector, in the pro-

ico of the Dean of tiie Professorial
' College, by an ordinary professor as pro-
1. ,moter, in the established form. At Prague,
1 tbe Dean still takes precedence in this cere-
I mony. In Vienna, the promotion takes
I place as hitherto with the co. operation of
I the Bector, the Chancellor, the four
I DoetorB, and tbe Notary of the Faculty.

^. — The promotion fees for tbe Doc'o- .

rote amount, at all the Dniversitiei L.^
countcies represented in the Imperil^]
ConncD, to 60 florins Austrian curtencj'.
Of tins (Vienna excepted), the Rector
takes 16 florins, the Dean and Promoter
6 Horins each, and, in Prague, the Deou
(Doctoral). 6 florins. Total fee for M.D.
degree ahout £28 Kugltsh moaey.

XI. — The examinations are condncted in
the Polish laugnago at Cracow nnd Lem-
berg, and in the Qerman langnage at the
other An Btrinn Universities,

The followingare the Universities of tbo
Austro-E angaria a Empire in alphabetical

AORAM

This University has good laboratories
and all the necessary paraphernalia toB
medical studies. Tbe town is the capitd
of Croatia, and the residence of its B».x^
and has a popntation of SlfiOO inbaUS

ORAZ (NIEMETSKI-GRADETZ)

Fonnded in 1686, connected with wblM
are Anatomical, Physiological, PathotM
gicnl, and Zoological institutes, a labom* \.
tory for Physiological and Patbologieal
Chemistry, and a large chemical labora-
tory. The town is the capital of Styria
(Steyermark), and has a papuUtion of

0,000,

INNSBBUeK.

Tills is an old University, and posiea
all the facilitiot for medical studies. Thd
town is tlie capital of the Tyrol, on th^
Breoner lonte to Brindisi, has a popnlk
tion of 14,000, nnd is maoh fre^iaented bj
tourists.

KRAKAU (CRACOVA oh CBACOW)'!

This Uuiveraity, which possesses ai
cellent medical school, was eatahliabed iii3
1100, and has a library containing 30,00O'l
volnmea. The town is tba old cajutal o'
Poland, situated on the Vistula, and Ci~~
tains a population of 44,000.

LEMBERO (LWOW>
This University hna 1000 studenta, I
good medical school, and a library con«1
taiuing 60,000 volumei. It was founde&'V
iu 1834. Tbe town is tbe caplUl ot^
Oalicia.

I

■ Tills Universitj was foaniJed iu 1635,
I ftC Tyniau, taken to Ofeii in 1777, and
tlienoB transferrea to Pesth in 1784. It
i« richly endowed, liRTinfc 1000 atailents,
SO profeaaora, and 70,000 books and USS.
ill its librarj. TJio medical ecUooI ia a
firet-olaas one, witli escellBnt laboratorlca.
The city is the capital of Hnngarj', mid
contains, witli liiida, a population of
203,000.

PRAHA (PRAGUE)
This Univeraity waa fonnded in 1348,
''when it had 200 profesaors and 30,000
■Indents, bat John Haas, trying to cr-
elude foreigners, led to its dcsertian by
about 25,000 atadeuts, who went to fonnd
the Universities of Heidelberg;, Leipzig,
and Krakan. The present iinmher of
Btndenta is 2000. The medical achoal ia a
very good one, and liita coQDected with It
B library of 35,000 MSS., Pathological;
PhysiolDgical, Medico-clieniical nnd Zoo-
cbcmieal ins tit □ tea, The city is the
capital of Bohemia, and haa a population
of 160,000,

WIEN (VIENKA)
Eatahlishcd 1366, One of tbe moat cele-
hrated Universitiea in the world. The
medi«l scbool, acknowledged to be the
finest in the world, owes its popnlarity to
the eminence of its professors, to the
fxtcnt and completeness of its General
Hospital, and to the htrge number of
conrsei which are given on special sub-
jects. The General Hospital is capable of
accommodutibg ahont 3000 patients, and
the library at the Impcrinl Palace cotltaina
300,000 volnmca, 20,000 MSS., and
300,000 engravings, The celebrat«d lec-
tnrca on skin diseases by Profeasor Hebra
are much frequented by English, Ameri-
cans, and other foreigners. There is an
excellent chemical institute, a patholo-
^cnl muaenm, and aeparate institutes for
prflotlen.1 physiology and chemical patho-
logy, besides cabinets for tbe study of
rpecial Binaller branches. The g^eat at-
trootion of the school, however, is the
laboratory of eiperi mental pathology of
Ppofaaaor Striciter. A student desirous of
occupying his cime to tbo best advantage
mt Vienna must be prepared to speod

KiderBble sum of money in fees. Th
of Vienna is situated on the rivei
aa (Danube) and Wicn, ia tbe capital
the Austro- Hungarian Empire,

contains a popnlation of 840,000 inhabi-
tants. It has been much altered a
improved lately, and ia how one of the

g'easantcst and handsomest cities
urope. It ia the only town in

Empire which poaacsses a Sritiah phy-

BALEABIC ISLES

The islands of Majorca, Minorca,
Iviza, celebrated aa hi'altli stations, nnd
eonsequentiy much visited by Bril
are included in the Kingdom of Spain, and
have the same regulationa foe medical
practice as that country. There are no
Universities or Jlediial Colleges here.
Language Spanish.

belghtu

There are four Universities in
Kingdom, vie. Brunelles, Gand, Lifige, and
Lonvain. The Grat and last are private
institutions, which grant only aciontific
titles, without the licence to practice.
Tha other two are State Univeraitiea, sap-
ported by Government, and grant medical
Degrees, which, when legalised by a Gov-
ernment commiasion, confer tbe right to
practise in Belginm. The language o£
the country is French.

BRUXELLES (BRUSSELS)
This Uuiveraity possesses a well equip-
ped medical schooL British and other
medical practitioners, provided with pro-
per medical and sui'gical qaalificationa,
are admitted to examination before tbe
Faculty tnc the Degree of M.D.

"' ' ' ista of three testi.

Ist Doctorate. — General Therapentici,
including Pharmaco-Dyuamica (proportion
of doses), Special Pathology and Tberapea-
tics of Internal Diseaies, General Patho-
logy, and Pathological Anatomy.

2nd Doctorate. — Surgical Pathology,
theory of Midwifery, public and private
Hygiene, Medical JnrlsprndGtice (Fori
Medicine).

3rd Doctorate. — Eliaminatiou at the
hospital oC one or two pattenb ntider
medical end surgical treatment;
tion in Midwifery, consisting in Obstetrical
operations on the mannBguiH (model of
pelvis) ; examination in Operative Snrgery,
consisting in some of the usual operation
on the dead subject, such as Ampntntioi
Ligfttnro of an Artery, Ac

8

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Great importance is attached to prac-
tical knowledge, but candidates must also
prove that they possess positive theoretical
science.

Examinations take place at any time
between October 15th and June 20th,
except during the' Christmas and Easter
vacations. They are vivd voce and writ-
ten; but candidates may be exempted
from the latter and confine themselves to
the vivd voce tests.

Candidates must exhibit their qualifica-
tions or DiplomaSi

The three examinations may be got
through in a week, allowing a day's in-
terval between each test.

Saturday is the most eligible day for
arriving for candidates for whom time is
an object. The delay of a week is, how-
ever, never exceeded by more than a day
or two.

The examinations are conducted in
English, through the medium of an inter-
preter for such candidates as are not
familiar with the French language.

Candidates who are not foreign qualified
medical men must undergo the examina-
tions named above, and also an examina-
tion in Anatomy, Physiology, and His-
tology, and must produce a Degree in Arts
or Science from some recognised Univer-
sity, together with certificates showing
that the candidate has attended for five
years the Lectures of a medical college, and
for three years the medical and surreal
practice of a hospital. In case the Degree
in Arts or Sciences is not forthcoming the
candidate will be required to pass a pre-
liminary examination in those subjects
prior to being admitted to the medical
examinations.

Francs. £ i. d.

Fees for inscription of

name 215 — 8 12

Fees for examinations 315 — 12 12
Fees for legalisation of

diploma .... 10 — 8

Total . . . Fr. 640 £21 12

GAND (GHENT)

Established 1816. In order to matricu-
late at this University the candidate must
be a Graduate in Arts of some University,
or else pass a thorough preliminary exami-
nation. He must then attend for two
years a scientific course, including Psycho-
logyi Chemistry (organic and inorganic).
Physics, Botany, Zoology, and Mineralogy,
and at the end of that time pass an ex-

amination. The course of medical study
must next be undergone, viz. five years of
attendance at Lectures, and three years
attendance at hospital. • At the end of the
second year of medical studies an exami-
nation must be passed in Descriptive
Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, Pharma-
cology, and Comparative Anatomy ; an-
other at the end of the fourth year in
Geaeral Pathology, Therapeutics, Theory
and Practice of Medicine, and Morbid
Anatomy ; and another at the end of the
fifth year in Theory and Practice of Sur-
gery and Obstetrics. The final examina-
tion for the Doctorate takes place a few
weeks after the close of the course, and
includes the general subjects of the course,
together with practical examinations in
Clinical Medicine, Clinical Surgery, and
Obstetrics, and in Operative Surgery.
Candidates who have attended the requisite
number of Lectures and the prescribed
term of hospital practice at some other
recognised University or Medical College,
will be admitted to the final examination
for the Doctorate, provided that they
possess a Degree in Arts from some Uni-
versity, or else pass the matriculation
examination here. All examinations are
conducted in French. The Medical School
is a first-class one.

LI^GE

This University, which was established
in 1817, grants a Degree in Medicine,
which can only be obtained after passing
three examinations, in the French lan-
guage, in Natural Sciences and Medical
subjects. Before being admitted to ex-
amination the candidate must produce
evidence, by certificates, that he has
attended the Lectures of a recognised
Medical Institution for five years, and the
practice of a hospital for three years.

The first examination includes the fol-
lowing subjects — General Chemistry,
Logic, Psychology, Moral Philosophy,
Experimental Physics, Elements of Zoo-
logy, Elements of Botany (comprising the
medical category). Elementary Geology
and Mineralogy. This is called the ex-
amination for candidates in natural
sciences.

The second examination, which is for
candidates in medicine, includes Elements
of Comparative Anatomy, Descriptive and
Regional Anatomy, Human Physiology,
and Pharmacologia.

The third examination, which, when
successfully passed^ entitles the candidate

I

^B The

to tlie Doctorate, inclades the following
subjects, viz, ; Qenerul PatliDlog;, Fntlio-
logicul Aautoiny, Sjieciul Pntliulogy Rod
TUernpeutics, Mental Maludies, General
Tlierapeutics, .SuTgicai Pathol o(cy
Ophthalmology, Theory and Practice of
Midniferj (iacludiiig operations), Pahlic
Hygiene, Legal Medicine, Clinical Medi-
cine, Clinical Surgery, Surgical Opera-

The feea am—

For the examination of candi-
date in natural gciencea , . SO (r.

For the examination of candi-
date in medicine 40 fr.

For the examination of Doctor

" Medicine 240 fr.

Total . 360 fr,—
about £X5 English monej-
Tho Medical School is a firat-class one,
every facility for atndj ia afforded the

LOUVAIN

Thie TTnireTsity was foanded in 1426,
aupprcssed in a few centuries afterwards,
and restored in 1617. 'I'he Medical Degree
cannot be ohtBined uuleEs the candidate
prodnce evidence of five years' study of
the medical branchea at some recognised
Medical College or University, and three
years' hospital practice at some recognised
hoBpital. Three examinations must be
passed in one group (or branch) of the
sciences, viz. Mathematics, Physico-cby-
mici, or Natural Science, after wbicb must
he passed a thoniogh verbal esamination,
in the French language, before the Medical
Faculty, in Anatomy, Patliological Anat-
omy, Physiology. Histology, Pharmacology,
Pathology and Medicine, Surgical Patho-
logy and Surgery, Midwirery, Forensic
Medicine, Hygiene, and Ophthnlmology.

BRITISH ISLAJIfDS

In these inlands anybody ma; practise
as a medical practitioner whose name
appears on the British Medical Register.
Any Degree or Diploma obtained from one
of tlic nineteen examining Boards in the
United Kingdom may bo placed upon the
Register, by payment of a fee of £5.
Anybody whose name does not appear on
the Medical Register, and who usea a title
or designation implying that he is re-
gistered under tlie Medical Act, is liahle,
opon conviction, to a fine. The follow-
ing are the cianiining Boards, viz. : The

Medical Faculties of the Universities of
Aberdeen, Cambridge, Dublin, Durham,
Edinburgh, Glasgow, London, Oxford,
Saint Andrew's, and Queen's University
in Ireland,- the Royal Colleges of Pby-
sicians of IiOndon sad Edinburgh ; the
King and Qoseu's College of Physicians
in Ireland (Dublin) j the Hoyal Colleges of
Surgeons of England (Loudon), Ediij-
bnrgh, and Ireland (Dublin) ; the Faculty
of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow;
the Sorieties of Apothecaries of London
and Dublin.

The Universities grant the folloiring
Degrees, which, when registered, entitle
the "holder to practise iu any part of the

M.D.— Doctor of Medicine.

M.B. — Bachelor of Medicine.

Lic-Med.— Licentiate of Medicine.

M.Ch. or M.S. or CM.— Master of
Snrgery.

B.Ch. or B.S.— Bachelor of Surgery.

Lie- Surg. — Licentiate of Surgery.

The other examining bodies grant
Diplomas, which, when registered, also
entitle the holder to practise in any part
of the kingdom.

The Colleges of Physicians grant li-
censes, which ai-e represented by the
letters L.R.C.P. or (in the case of Dablin),
L.K.Q.C.P., which is the lowest grade.
The next grade is Memborahip, repre-
sented by M.R.C.P. or (in the case of
Dublin), M.K.Q.C.P. The highest grade
is Fellowship, represented by F,R.C.P. or
(in the case of Dublin), F.K.Q-C.P.

The Colleges of Surgeons grant licenses,
rcproaenbed by the letters L.R.C.S., except
in Glasgow, where the letters L.F.P.S. are
used instead, and in London, where there
ia no license, the lowest grade being
Membership, wbicb is equivalent to the
license at the other Colleges of Surgeons,
and is represented by the letteri M.U.C.S.
There is no mediaun grade at the Colleges
oF Surgeons, the next grade being the
highest, viz. Fellowship, represented by
F.lt.CS. or (in Glasgow), F.F.l'.S.

The Diplomas of the Society of Apotlie-
cnries of London and Dublin are repre-
sented by the letters L.S.A., and aro
medical quail Acations. All the University
Faculties, except London, and, in certain
cases, Darham and St Andrews, insist
upon residence as a condition of gradna-
tion. The London University and the
Royal Colleges and Halls recognise studies
at any respectable and properly
toted medical school, subject
decree of the General Council of Medical

1

I

10 MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Education and Registration of the United Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and of
Kingdom, '* That the names of all students Master in Surgery who has not been en-
must be registered within fifteen dajs gaged in Medical and Sargical stadj for
after the commencement of each session ; four years, the Mediciil Session of each
and that no student commencing pro- year, or Annus Medicus, being constitated
fessional studies at a medical school can by two Courses of not less than one
be registered who has not passed an hundred Lectures each, or by one such
Examination in Arts." Course, and two Courses of not less than

Besides these examining bodies there is fifty Lectures each,

one other source from which a medical VI. — Every candidate for the Degrees of

Degree cdn be obtained, viz. from His Bachelor of Medicine and of Master in

Grace the Lord Archbishop of Canter- Surgery shall give suflicient evidence by

i)ury, who has the power to grant what is certificates :

called the Doctorate of Medicine of Lam- 1. That he has studied each of the fol-

beth. This privilege is rarely exercised by lowing Departments of Medical Science,

His Grace, although at the time of writing namely. Anatomy, Chemistry, Materia Me-

this an announcement appears. in the papers, dica and Pharmacy, Institutes of Medicine,

to the effect that the M.D. of Lambeth has or Physiology, Practice of Medicine, Sor-

rccently been conferred upon a gentleman gery, Midwifery, and the Diseases peculiar

residing in Wales. to Women and Children, during Courses,

The following are the regulations of the including not less than one hundred

Medical Faculties of the Universities in Lectures; Practical Anatomy, six months;

alphabetical order : Practical Chemistry, three months ; Prac-
tical Midwifery— three months at a Mid-

ABERDEEN, Established 1494 wifery Hospital, or a certificate of Atten-

T Tu« #«n/N,„;«« „«« fv.^ ri««««^a :« dance on Six Cases from a Registered

I -The following are the Degrees in j^^^j j Practitioner; Clinical Medicine,

BalX or^di^'MS itK ^^ .S-^y, duHng Courses of six

Surgery (CM.), and D^r^of Medicine Z''t:^r:r^j:r^^^^ TlLT^::

^ * *'' a week; Medical Jurisprudence, Botany,

DEGBBES OF M.B. A.ND O.M. Zoology, with Comparative Anatomy,

Preliminary Examinations.^il.—The during Courses including not less than

preliminary branches of extra-professional ""y Lectures.

education shall be English, Latin, Arith- 2. That he has attended for at least

metic, the Elements of Mathematics, and ^^^ X^^^s the Medical and Surgical Prac-

the Elements of Mechanics ; and. the pro- *'ce of a General Hospital, either af Aber-

ficiency of students in these branches ^^^n or elsewhere, which accommodates

shall be ascertained prior to the com- not fewer than eighty patients, and possesses

meucement of their medical studies. a distinct staff of Physicians and Surgeons.

III.—No candidate shall be admitted to 3. That he has been engaged for at

a Professional Exammation who has not least three months, by apprenticeship or

passed a satisfactory Examination on at otherwise, in Compounding and Dispensing

least two of the following subjects, in Dr^igs at the Laboratory of an Hospital,

addition to the subjects mentioned above: Dispensary, Member of a Surgical College

Greek, French, German, Higher Mathe- ^^ Faculty, of a Licentiate of the London

matics, Natural Philosophy, Natural ^^ Dublin Society of Apothecaries, or of a

History, Logic, Moral Philosophy; and Member of the Pharmaceutical Society of

the Examination on these subjects shall, ^reat Britain.

as far as possible, take place before the ^' That he has attended for at least
candidate has entered on his Medical six months, by -apprenticeship or other-
Curriculum, wise, the Out-practice of a Hospital, or the

IV.— -A Degree in Arts of any of the Practice of a Dispensary, or of a Begis-

Universities of the United Kingdom, or of tered Medical Practitioner,

any other University specially recognised VII.— The studies of candidates for the

by the University Court, shall exempt Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and

candidates from all extra-professional Master in Surgery shall be subject to the

Examination. following regulations :

1. One at least of the four years of

PEorESSiONAL CUEEICTILTJM Medical and Surgical study must be in

V. — No one shall be admitted to the this University.

S. Another of such, four jeara miiat be
either in tliie UniTeraily, or in some other
Dnlveraitj entitled to give the Deeree of
Doctor of MedicioB.

3. Attendance, dnring at \east aix
(rinter montba, on the Medical or Sur-
gical praclice of a General Hoapital which
nccommodntea at leaat ciglitj patienta —
and, daring the aame period, on a Course
of Practical Anatomj — will 1)0 rcekoaed
as one of auch four years; and to that
extent it will be held na equivalent to one
year's attendance on Conrsesof Lectures,
Bi hereinbefore prescribed.

Till. — Every candidate for the Degrees
of Bachelor of Medicine and Master iu
Surgery shall, at anch Examination Term
in wliicli be proposes to gradnate, lodge
with tbe Dean of tbe Faculty of Medicine ;

1. A declaration, in bis own hand-
writing, tbat, on the day of Graduation,
he wiU have completed bia twenty-firBt
year, and will not be under articles of
apprenticeship ;

2. A statement of bis studies, sa well in
Literature and Philosophy as in Medicine,
accompanied with proper Certiflcatca ;

3. An Inaugnral Dissertation, composed
by himself, to be approved hy the Sennloa
Acadeinicua.

BXAUIKITIOHB

These wiil be held twice in each year,
lelj, in April anil July, directly after
close of the Winter and Summer
Seaaiona.

IX. — Every candidate for the Degreef
of Bachelor oE Medicine and Master in
Surgery shall undergo Three Professional
** inations, which will bo conducted
in writing and vM voce, aa follows
Firit lamination (not to he taki

the end of tbe second jenr of Jtndy)

include ChemUlry, Botany, Elementarj'
Anntomy,and Materia Medicn.

The Seconif Eiaminatiun (not tobe taken
before the end of the third year) to in-
clnde Advanctd Anatomy, Zoology with
Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, - '
Sorgflry.

The Third Examination (not to be taken
befpra the end of the fourth year) to in-
clude Practice of Medicine and Oenerol
Pathology, Clinical Medicine, Clinical Sur-
gery, Midwifery, and Medical Jnrispru-

1. The E lamination a in Anatomy, Che-
mistry, Pliysiology. Botany, Zoology, and
Materia Medico will he conduttod, as far
as posaihle, by DeiaoiiBtrotioni of Objecti
uhibited to tbe caudidatet; nnd thosa ol

Medicine nnd Snrgerv, in part, by CKDica!
Demonstrations.

2. Candidates may be admitted to Exa-
itiation on the first two of these divisions

tbe end of their third year, or to the
three Examinations at the end of thfii
fourth year-

3. If any candidate, on Examination, he
found nnqnaliGed, he aholl not he again
admitted to Examination, unless be aball

completed another year of Medical
atndy, or sneh portion of another year as
may be prescribed by the Examiners, when
be is found unqualified.

X. The Medical Examiners for Gradna-
m in Medicine are the Professors in the

Faculty of Medicine; and, in addition,
three persona oppointed annually by the
University Court.

XI. The Degree of Master iu Surgery
iball not be conferred on any person who
does not, at the samo time, obtain the
Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.

XII. The Degree of Doctor of Medicine
may he conferred on any candidate who
has obtained the Degree of Bachelor of
Medii:ine, and is of the age of twenty-four
years, and has been engaged, lubseqnently
to his having received the Degree of M.B.,
for two years in attendance on an Hoapi-
tol, or iu the Military or Naval Medical
Service, or iu Medical or Surgical Practice,
Provided alvraja that the Degree of Doctor
of Medicine shall not be conferred on any
person, unless he he a Qradnate in Arts, or
unless he shall, before or at the time of hia .
obtaining tbe Degree of Bachelor of Medi-
cine, or within three years thereafter, have
passed a, satisfactory Examination in
Greet, and in Logic or Moral Philosophy,
and in one at least of the following snb-
jects: namely, French, German, Higher
Mathematics I Natural Philosophy, and
Natural History.

1

XIII. Candidate! who began their Me-
dical studies before the first Tuesday of
November, 1861, are entitled to graduate
niidcr the Kcgaliitious applicable to Medi-
cal Students in force before that date.

XIV. 1. Each candidato for the Degree
of M.B, shall pay a Fee of Five Guineas in
respect of each of the three Professioniil
Examinations; aich such Feo of Five

12 MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Gaineas being payable ab the time at which and Hydrostatics, Chemistry with Heat

the candidate comes forward to be exa- and Electricity, and Botany. The student

mined in that Division in respect of which must have attended Lectures on Chemistry

it is payable. and Botany.

2. If the candidate desires to be admitted The second Examination is in Elements
to the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine only, of Comparative Anatomy, Human Ana-
he shall not, on admission thereto, be tomy and Physiology, and Pharmacology,
required to pay any further Fee in addition Lectures nmst have been attended on
to the Fifteen) Guineas so paid by him : but Elements of Comparative Anatomy, Human
if he desires to be admitted to the Degree Anatomy and Physiology, Materia Medica
of Master in Surgery also, he shall, on and Pharmacy, and Pathology ; also Hos-
being admitted to such Degree, pay a fur- pital Practice for one year.

ther Fee of Five Guineas. The third Examination is in Pathology

3. And every candidate for the Degree and the Practice of Physic (two papers),
of Doctor of Medicine shall pay, in addi- Clinical Medicine, and Medical Jurispru-
tion to the Fee paid by him for the Degree dence. Lectures must have been attended
of Bachelor of Medicine, a Fee of Five on the Principles and Practice of Physic,
Guineas, eptclusive of any Stamp-duty Clinical Medicine, Clinical Surgery, Medi-
which may for the time be exigible. cal Jurisprudence, and Midwifery ; also

Hospital Practice for three years ; and the

candidate must have served as Clinical

CAMBRIDGE^ Founded 1257 Clerk, or had special charge of patients for

Medical students are required to enter ''\aer the Examinations have been passed,

at one of the seventeen Colleges, or as non- ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ j^^ ^ The candidate

collegiate students, and reside mne terms ^eads a Thesis composed in English by him-

(nearly three years), during the first part gelf on some subject approved by the Pro-

of which time they are generally occupied ^^^^^^ jj^ .^ ^^^^ questioned in English

in the study of Classics, Mathematics, &c. ; by the Professor on the subject of the Thesis,

then, having passed the Previous Examina- ^^^^^ ^^her subjects in the Faculty of a

tion m these 8ub3ects, they can pursue the ^^^e general nature,
study of Medicine by attending the piac-

tice of the Hospital and the Professors* M.D. — "

Lectures. This done, they may continue The candidate can be admitted to the

their medical studies in Cambridge, or Degree of M.D. in the ninth term (nearly

elsewhere. v,. ^ . vi *i, ^ ^ ^ *^^e® years) after taking the Degree of

If It be thought desirable, the student ^.B. A Master of Arts mny be admitted

may continue his classical and mathema- to the Degree of M.D. at the prescribed

tical reading for a longer period than the j^d, when he has produced the same cer-

above ^angement contemplates ; and ^^^^^^^ ^^^ j[ ^^e same Examina-

may, m due time, present himself for the tions as are Required for the Degree of

Exammahon m those subjects, whereby he j^^. ; but he is not required to have kept

becomes B.A. medical terms in the University.

., ^ An Act has to be kept similar to that

PEOOEBDINGS IN PHYSIO. M.B. required for M.B., and the candidate is re-

The candidate for M.B. must have re- quired to write a short extempore essay on

sided nine terms (nearly three years), one of four topics, relating severally to

have passed the Previous Examination in Physiology, Pathology, Practice of Medi-

Classics, Mathematics, &c., and have been cine, and State Medicine, the selection

engaged five terms in medical study, of being made by himself,
which six years must have been in the

University. Only four years of medical M.C.

study are required of those who graduate The candidate for the Degree of Master

with honours as B.A. in Surgery is required to have passed the

There are three Examinations for M.B. Examinations for M.B. ; to have attended

The first may be passed at any time after the Surgical Practice of a Hospital for

the Previous Examination ; the second three years ; to have been House-Surgeon

after two years of medical study ; and the or Dresser during six months ; to have

third after the completion of the period of attended a second course of Lectures on

medical study. Human Anatomy, one course of Lectures

The first Examination is in Mechanics on the Principles and Practice of Surgery,

Lectarea on Clinical Surfer; duriog aaa
year, ten msesof Midwifery, imdof haviug
practised. DisBectiou dui'ing b. Bevonii
seiiBoii.*

The full time required for tlie Degrees
oE M.B. and M.C., from etitrntice ut the
University, is mther more than Jimr yeara
in the caee of tboae who graduate viitli
honaars, rs B.A. — i,e. who go through the
EiRiDiDatioii for either the Uathemiitical,
Classical, Natural, or Moral Sciences Tripos.
Msay meilical atadcntsj take tliis ooarse,
and go through the Nutural Scieacee
Tripoi, bGcntife the gnbjects of tlie EiLami-
natioQ (Botany, Chemistry, and Compara-
HvB Anatamy) are akin to those of Medi-
eiaei and the student who bae paesed in
auy of them ia not required to be again
examined in tliem for M.B. He may thus
be eotirel)' eiempt Irom the Srst Eiami-
□ation for M.B., or from |>art:s of it. In
tlie caee of gtildeuts who do uot graduate
with honour!, the lime required to obtnin
tlie M.B. andM.C. degi-ee iajji's jeara.

k

DUBLIN, FOTJHDBD 1591

The following Degrees and Llcencea in
"^'"■~B and Surgery are granted by the
.ty of Dublin, and are entitled ta
be regintered under the Medical Act: —
(1.) Bachelor in Medicine; (2.) Doctor in
Medicine j (3.) Bafholor in Surgery; |[4.)
Muter in Surgery ; (6.) Licentiate in
Medidne; (6.) Licentiate in Surgery. The
qnali&catiana requisite for tbese Licences
«nd Degrees lue the following ;

Qttalifiaalion in Arts. — The Bachelor in
Medicine must be a Bacbelar in Arts of
Dnblin, Oiford, or Cambridge.

Qualificaliaa in Medieine.—Foar years,
ut leaat, apent in the study of Medicine,
including the following oourscB of Loc-
tiires;^!. Anatomy; 2, Practical Ana-
tomy; 3. Surgery; 4, Chemiabry; 5. Ma-
teria Medica and Pharmacy ; 6. Inetitutes
Dt Medicine; ?. Practioe of Medielne;
8. Midwifery; 9. Botany; 10. Laboratory
CheiniBtry ; 11. Medical Jurisprudence;
12. Three yeare' attendance on theCliuical
Initruftinu of Sir Patrick Dun'a Hospital,
or other Medico-Chirurgica] Hospital ap-
proved by the Board of Trinity College;
13- Certificate of perfouiil atteudance on
oaiea of fever, specifying names and dates ;
li. Six inoutba' Practical Midwifery.

The candidates for the Degree of AI.B.
tnoat have qnolifled by adequate anawcriiig
at two Examinations, viz. : — the Previons

■^

Medical Examination, and the Bachelor of
Medicine E lamination.

The CertiScates of Lctturers in the fol-
lowing Schools are recognised by the Uni-
versity of Dublin :— The School of Physic,
Trinity College; the School of the College
of Surgeons ; the Richmond Eospital.'or
Carmicbael School ; the Steevena' Hoapi-
tal School; the Ledwich, or Feter-streut
School; the School of tlie Catholic Uni-

Tbe following MEdico-Chirurgical Hos.
pitals are recogniaed by the University of
Dublin:— Sir P. Dun'a Hospital; Hotpi-
tala of the Honse of Industry (Richmond,
Whitworth, and Hardnicke) ; Mercer's
Hospital J the City of Dablin Hospital;
St. VinecLit'i Hospital; tlio Meatli Hospi-
tal and County of Dublin Infirmary ; Jer-
vis-streot Inliraiary; Dr. Steevens' Hospi-
tal ; the Adelaide Hospital; the Mater
MiaericordiiG Hospital.

A Doctor in Medicine must be a Bachelor
in Medicine of three years' standing, or'
have been qualiflcd to take the Degree of
Bachelor in Medicine for three years. He
mnst also read a. Thesis publicly before the
Regiua Profuasor of Phvaic, or must un-
deri;o an Eiainination before the Regius
PcofeasDC of Physic, according to Regula-
tions to be approved by the Provost and
Seniov Fellows,

QiiatiJIeation ia Aril.— the Bachelor in
Surgery must be a Bachelor of Arts of
DubUn, Oiford, or Cambridge.

Qualifiaaiioa in Surgery. — Four years'
s^ndy of- Surgery, and attendance on the '
following Coaraes: — 1. Anatomy, one
Coarse. 2. Theory and Praetico of Sur-
gery, two Counes. 3. Demonstrntions
and DiBsections, three Conrses, ench of tiix
months. 4. Practice of Medicine, one
Course. 5. Chemistry, one Course. 6.
Materia Medics, oue Course. 7. Mid-
wifery, one Courae. 8. Laboratory Clie- .
mistry, one Conrse. 9. Botany, one
Course. 10. Medical JnriaprndeDce. one
Course. 11. Attendance on t)ie Ctinieid
Instruction of three years iu Sir Patrick
Dud's or other recognised Medico-Chlrur-
gical Hospital. 12. Six months' Practical
Midwifery. 13. Three months' Opbthalmio
Surgery.

Having completed the foregoing Courses,
the Candidate for this Degree must pass a
public Eiauiination, partly written and
partly oral.

14

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

IV.-^MASTBB IN STTEQEEY

A Master in Sargcry must be a Bachelor
in Surgery of three years' standing, or have
been qualified to take the Degree of Bache-
lor in Surgery for three years ; and must
read a Thesis publicly before the Regius
Professor of Surgery, or undergo an ex-
amination before the Regius Professor, ac-
cording to regulations to be approved by
the Provost and Senior Fellows.

V. — LICENTIATE IN MEDICINE

Qualification in Arts.-^The Licentiate
in Medicine must have kept two complete
years in Arts.

Qualification in Medicine. — Same as the
qualification for the Degree of Bachelor in
Medicine, viz. attendance on the prescribed
Courses of instruction, and the passing of a
similar public examination.

VI. — LICENTIATE IN SXmGEET

Qualification in Arts, — The Licentiate
in Surgery must have kept two complete
years in Arts.

Qualification in Surgery. — Same as for
the Degree of Bachelor of Surgery, viz.
attendance on the prescribed Courses of
instruction, and the passing of a similar
public examination.

The Licenses in Medicine and Surgerj
of the University of Dublin are recognised
by the Boards of Examiners of the Navy,
Army, and East India Army, and entitle
the holder to register under the provisions
of the Medical Act of 1858.

PBIVILEGES OE MATIUCULATED
MEDICAL STUDENTS

Medical Students, being Junior or Senior
Sophisters on the College books, are ex-
empted from the Classics of the Junior
Sophister year, and from one of the three
optional Courses (Mathematical Physics,
Experimental Physics, or Classics) of the
Senior Sophister year. To obtain this
privilege it is necessary that the Student
be matriculated in Medicine, and that the
proper certificates of his attendance on
Medical Lectures are submitted to the
Senior Lecturer.

Students in Artn, who are also matricu-
lated in Medicine, having their names on
the College Books, will be permitted to
attend one Course, free of expense, with the
Professor of Botany, and are entitled to
attend the Lectures of the Professor of
Chemistry and Professor of Surgery on
payment of half fees.

By the Act 40 Geo. Ill, c. 84, the several
"■lecturers and Professors of the School of

Physic are bound during each Medical
Session to return to the Senior Lecturer
the names of such students as have
attended their lectures.

The total expense of obtaining, the De-
grees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of
Medicine, and Bachelor of_Surgery, is two
hundred guineas.

The Candidates for the Medical .and
Surgical Licenses of the University of
Dublin are subject to the College discipline
during their Course.

DURHAM

1. No one shall be held to be a Student
in medicine who has not been registered in
a register kept for that purpose. No ono
shall be so registered unless he has passed
the Registration Examination, or such
other examination as the Warden and
Senate shall deem equivalent. The Regis-
tration Examination shall be directed to
the rudiments of Religion, Literature,
and Science, and shall be conducted by
two or more Examiners nominated by the
Warden.

2. No grace for a Licence in Medicine
shall be granted, unless the petitioner is of
the age of twenty-one years, and has, since
his Registration, spent four years in Medical
Study at one or more of the Schools
recognised by the Licensing Bodies named
in Schedule A of the Medical Act, 1858,
one of the said four years having been
spent at the University's College of Medi-
cine, Newcastle-on-Tyne. No grace for a
Licence in Medicine shall be granted un-
less the petitioner has passed two Public
Examinations. No one shall be admissible
to the first of these Examinations unless
he has spent two years at least in Medical
Study as above prescribed. No one shall
be admissible to the second of these Ex-
aminations unless he has spent four years
at least in Medical Study as above pre-
scribed, and has passed the first Examina-
tion. No one shall be admissible to either
of these Examinations unless he has pro-
duced satisfactory testimonials of conduct,
and such certificates of attendance on Lec-
tures and Hospital Practice as the Warden
and Senate shall require. Each of these
Examinations shall be conducted by three
or more Examiners, nominated by the
Warden and approNsed by Convocation,
and shall be directed to such subjects of
Medical Science and Practice as shall have
been fixed on by the W/irden and SeYiate.

3. No grace for the Degree of Bachelor
of Medicine shall be granted, unless the

peLitioner U of tbe standing of three '
termB at lensb na a Licentiate in Medicine,
and of eighteen tenna (6 joara) at least
from the ilnto of his liegUtration or Mn-
triculniion. So one, wlio ta not n Bache-
lor of AitB, shall bo admUsiUe to tlio
Degree of Boctielar of Medicine, unless lie
lina kept three terma by residence at Dur-
ham or eqnivalent residence \a the Univec-
Bity of DurhmQ College of Medicine, New-
CBstle-upon-Tync, and haa passed the fioal
EiAmi nation for the Degree of Baxihelor
of Arts, or an equivalent to it, as herein-
after deicribed, besidiis the Eiaminatioil
for the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.
BcsideDGB nnd attendance at Lectares'in
Arts at Newcastle-u|ion-Tjiie for one
Winter aad one Sammer Session sbiiU be
accaanCed as equivalent to the three terms
resideace at Dnrbam, (trovided alwaja
thiit Euch residence and attendance at
Lecturea shall be in addition to the four
jeara of Medical Stud; required under
Cbtuse 2 of this Section. The Examina-
tion for the Degree of Bachelor of Medi-
cine ahull be directed chieByto the Practice
of Medicine. Tbe detaili aball be ar-
ranged by the Warden and Senate.

4. No grace /or the Degree of Doctor
of Medicine sbnll be granted anleas the
petitioner ia a Bachelor of Medicine of the
Btonding of twenty-one terms at Uaat (7
yvara) ^om hia regiatratlon or Uatricula.
tiun, and of three terms at least from hit
adoiiasioD to the Degree of Bachelor of
Medicine, nor unless he haa pei'formed
■ach exercises aa the Warden and Senate
require.

Ei. No grace for a Licence in Su
shall be granted unless the petitionei
tbe age of tventy-one yeora, baa spent
four years in Medical and Surgical Study
since his Kegistration as a Student
Medicine, in some one or more of
SvbooU recognised by the Licensing
Bodies named in Scbedole A of the Medi-
cal Act, 1858, one of tbe said four years
having been spent at the University's Col-
lege of Medioine,.Newcastle-on-TyDe. Kc
grace for n License in Surgery eball be
granted uuleaa the petitioner hoi possF.it
two Public Examinationa. The first of
Ibeie Kxaininatlona shall be the Sia
amiODtion appointed for Students iu
oinc. Ko one aball be odmiaaible
who boa not apent two years in Medioxl
and Surgical Stndy, aa above preacribed.
Tbe aecond of theae Examinatjnns shall be
partly tbe same aa the aecond Examination
appointed fur Students in Medicine, and
shall be piirily in Surgical snbjects. No

one shall be admissible to it wha baa not
spent four years ot Icaat in Medical and
Ciurgical Study, as above prcacribed, and
passed the first Examination. No one
shall be admissible to either of theae Ex-
aminations tinleaa he b:hs produced satis-
factory testiniouials of conduct, and such
certi&catea of attendance on Lecturea and
Hospital Practice aa the Warden and
shall require. Each of theae Ei-
oua shall be Conducted by three
e ExBiuiners, nominated by the
Warden, and approved by Convocation,
and aball be directed ta inch aubjecta aa
been fixed on by tbe Warden
and Senate. The second Exninination for
Licenae in Snrgery may or inay not be
passed at the same time with tbe aecond
Examination for a Licence in Medicine.
6. No grace for the Degree ot Master
Surgery shall be granted unless tba
petitioner ia a Licentiate in Surgery, and
also a Licentiate in Medicine,and is of the
ataitding of eighteen terms (6 yeara) at
least from th» date of hia Eegistration or
MaCricidation, and of three terms at leoab
from the date of hia admiasion to the
lae in Surgery. No one, who is not
ihelor ot Arta, shall be adniisaible to
the Degree of Master in Surgery nnleaa he
liaa kept three terms by reaidence at Dur-
ham or the equivalent residence at New-
oflstle-upon-Tyno provided for in Cbmae 8
of thia tiectioD, and has paaved the Unal
Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of
Arta, or an equivalent to it, as hereinafter
deseribcd, beaidea tbe Examination for the
Degree of Master in Surgery. Tbe Ex-
amination for the Degree of Master in
Surgery shall be directed chiefly to tlio
Proctioeof Surgery. The details aball bo
arranged by the Warden ami Senate.

7. The Warden and Senate shall have
authority to arrange for students in the
Faculty of Medicine an Examination equi-
valent to that for the Degree ef Bachelor
of Arts, by subBtituling for the Theolo-
gical part of it an Examination in Hippo-
crates, Qalen, or audi other ancient medi-
cal author or authors as they may think fit.
B. Any student in Medicine who was
regislored before Enaler Tei-m, 1868, shall
be entitled to be admitted to the Degree
of Master in Snrgery on the same condi-
tiona Bs are above required for a License
in Surgery.

9. Those Itegulatione abnil not interfere
with the power of the Duiversity to gniiit
Degrees by Diploma to persons of suffi-
cient st:inding and approved merit.

le

MEDICAL EDUCATIOi^ AND PRACTICE

EDINBURGH, Founded 1582

. Three Medical Degrees are conferred by
the University of Edinburgh, viz. Bachelor
of Medicine (M.B.), Master in Surgery
(CM.), and Doctor of Medicine (M.D.).
The Degree of Master in Surgery is not
conferred on any person who does not also
at the same time obtain the Degree of
Bachelor of Medicine.

I. — The preliminary branches of Extra-
Professional Education are English, Latin,
Arithmetic, the Elements of Mathematics,
and the Elements of Mechanics; and the
proficiency of Students in these branches
is ascertained by examination prior to the
commencement of their Medical Sfcudy.

II. — No candidate is admitted to a Pro-
fessional Examination who has not passed
a satisfactory Examination on at least two
of the following subjects (in addition to
the subjects mentioned above) : — Greek,
French, German, Higher Mathematics,
Natural Philosophy, Logic, Moral Phi-
losophy ; and the Examination on these
latter subjects also takes place before the
candidate has entered on his Medical
Curriculum.

The Examinations under Sections I and
II are conducted by Examiners in Arts,
together with some of the Medical Ex-
aminers.

III. — A Degree in Arts (not being an
Honorary Degree) in any one of the Uni-
versities of England, Scotland, or Ire-
land, or in any Colonial or Foreign Uni-
versity, specially recognised for this pur-
pose by the University Court, exempts from
all Preliminary Examination ; and an Ex-
amination in Arts by any Corporate Body
whose Examination has been recognised
as qualifying for entrance on Medical
Study by Resolution of the General Medi-
cal Council of the United Kingdom, pro-
vided the said Examination by the said
Corporate Body shall be also approved by
"the University Court, shall exempt from
Preliminary Examination in Arts on. all
subjects comprised in the said Examination
of the said Corporate Body.

IV. — No one is admitted to the Degree
of Bachelor of Medicine or Master in Sur-
gery who has not been engaged in Medical
and Surgical Study for Four Years — the
Medical Session of each year, or Annus
Medieus, being constituted by at least two
Courses of not less than one hundred Lec-
tures each, or by one such Course, and two
Courses of not less than fifty Lectures each ;
with the exception of the Clinical Courses,
in which Lectures are to be given at least

twice a week during the prescribed
periods.

V. — Every candidate for the Degrees of
M.B. and C.M. must give snfficient evi«
dence by certificates —

1. That he has studied each of the
following departments of Medical Science,
viz.—

Anatomy, Chemistry, Materia Medica,
Institutes of Medicine or Physiology, Prac-
tice of Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery, and
the Diseases peculiar to Women and Chil-
dren ; two Courses of Midwifery, of three
months each, being reckoned equivalent to
a six months' Course, provided different
departments of Obstetric Medicine be
taught in each of the Courses; General
Pathology, or in Schools where there is no
such Course, a .three months' Course of
Lectures on Morbid Anatomy, together
with a supplemental Course of Practice
of Medicine, or Clinical Medicine, during
Courses including not less than one hun-
dred Lectures; Practical Anatomy, a
Course of the same duration as those of not
less than one hundred Lectures above pre-
scribed!; Practical Chemistry, three months ;
Practical Midwifery, three months at a
Midwifery Hospital, or a certificate of at-
tendance on Six Cases from a Registered
Medical Practitioner ; Clinical Medicine
and Clinical Surgery, Courses of the same
duration as those of not less than one hun-
dred Lectures above prescribed, or two
Courses of three months. Lectures being
given at least twice a week ; Medical Juris-
prudence, Botany, and Natural History,
including Zoology, during Courses including
not less than fifty Lectures.

2. That he has attended, for at leasfc two
years, the Medical and Surgical practice of
a General Hospital which accommodates nofc
fewer than eighty patients, and possesses a
distinct staff of Physicians and Surgeons.

9. That ho has been engaged, for at
least three months, by apprenticeship or
otherwise, in Compounding and Dispensing
Drugs at the Laboratory of an Hospital,
Dispensary, Member of a Surgical College
or Faculty, Licentiate of the London or
Dublin Society of Apothecaries, or a Mem-
ber of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great
Britain.

4. That he has attended, for at least six
months, by apprenticeship or otherwise,
the Out-practice of an Hospital, or the
Practice of a Dispensary, Physician, Sur-
geon, or Member of the London or Dublin
Society of Apothecaries.

VI.-7The studies of candidates for the
Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and

Master in Surgery are sulijeot to tho fol-
lowiug regulations :

1. One of the four jears of Medical aiid
Surgical etudj, required by Section IV,
most be in the University of Edlnburgli.

2. Auather of sueh foor jearaof Uedical
and Surgicsl stud; must be either in the
UQiversity of Edinburgh, or in some othec
University entitled to pye the Degree of
Dofltor of Medicine.

3. Attendance during at least six irinter
montha on the Mudical or Sargical Prac-
tice of a General Hospital which accommo-
dates at lenet eighty patients, and during
tbe same period, on n course of Fracticai
Anatooiy, may be reckoned as ODe of such
four yeara, aud to that extent shall be held
equivalent to one year's attendance on
Couraes of Lectures, as above preacribad.

VIL — Every candidate must deliver,
before the Slst day of March of the year
in which he prajtoses to Qraduate, to the
Deau of the Faealty of Mediciue — 1. A
declaiBtion, in his own haadwritiug, that
lie baa completed hia twenty-flrst year;
and that be will not be. on the day of
graduation, under articlea of apprentice-
ship to any surgeon or other master. 2.
A statement of his studies, as well in
Literature and Fbilosophy aa in Medicine,
urcompanied with proper certlScatas.

VIII. — -Eucli candidate is oiamined,
both in writing nnd vied vccs — tlrat, on
Chemistry. Botany, and Natural History;
secondly, on Anatomy, Institntes of Medi-
cine, Materia Medica (including Practical
Pbarmocy), ami Pathology; thirdly, on.
Surgery, Practice of Medicine, Midwifery,
and MedicaJ Jurisprudence; fourthly.
Clinically on Mediciue and on Surgery in
BD Hospital. The Eiaminatlous on Ana-
tomy, Chemistry, Institutes of Medicine,
Botany, Natural History, Materia Medica,
8[id Patlioli^y, are Gooduot«d, ns far aa
possible, by Demons trationa of objccta
placed before the candidates.

IX. — Students who proEoas themselves
ready to sahmit to an Eiamination on the
Fint Division of these subjects at the end
of their second year may be admitted
to Eiaoiination at that time. Provided
always that students, who commence their
Medical atudiea in the Summer Session,
and who profasa themselves ready to sub-
mit to an EiamiuHtion on tbe First
Division of these sul^ects at the begin-
ning of their second Winter Session, may
be admitted to examination at that time
on condition that they produce certiBcates
of Bttandauce on at least two classes
ifaring Bull d£ two Su&uiMt Bflssioiu Miul

OPE 1?

oue Winter Session; and ou tho forther
condition that they shall not be ad-
mitted to a Degree in Medicine, anless
their course of study, subsequent to tho
completion of the Summer Session in
which they commence their Medical
studies, shall not be less than the minimum
course of four years, prescribed in SecUon
IV hereof.

X. — Students who have passed their
Elaminatiou on the First Division of
these subjects may be admitted to Exami-
nation on the Second Division at tbe end
of their third year.

XI. — Tho Eiamlaation on the Third
and Fourth Divisiuns cannot take place
uutil the candidate has completed bis
tonrth Annne Medieiis.

II. — Candidates may, if they oboose,

.dmitted to Eiamination on the firat

of these Divisions at the end of their

third year; or to the four Examinationa

at the end of their fourth year.

XIII. — If any candidate at these Eiami-

itiouB be found unqualiGed, he cannot be
^■oin admitted to Examination unless be
has studied during another year two of
the prescribed subjects, either in the
University, or in some other School of
Medicine,

XtV.— After the candidate baa satisGed
the Medical Examiners, the Dean will lay
the proceedings before the Senatus Aca-
deniicus, by whose authority the candi-
date will be admitted, on the first day at
August, or, if that day be Sunday, then
ou the following day, to the Degree of
Bachelor of Medicine, or to the Degrees
of Bachelor of Medicine and of Master in
Surgery.

XV. — The Sonatas Academicus, on the
day here appointed, will assemble at ten ~
o'clock, a.m., for the purpose of conferring
Degrees; aud no oandidate, unless a suffi-
reason be assigned, shall abaent bim-
. in pain of being refused bis D^ree
for that year.

XVI. — Candidates for Graduation are
required to produce evidence of their
having conformed to tho Regulationi
which were in force at the time tbey oom-
menced their Medical studies.

X^al.— The Degree of Doctor of Medi-

ue may be conferred on any candidate
who has obtained the Degree of Baobelor
of Mediciue, and is of tbe age of twenty-
four years, and produced a certificate of
having been engaged, subsequently b
having received tbe degree of Bachelor ol
Medicine, for at least two years ij
dance on an fiospibol, or in the

18

aoiCi

Wtm

I

or NsT&t Medical Si>rviceg, or in Meilit^al
and Sargical Practice ^ proTided always
tbnt tlie Degree of Doctor of Medicine
shuU not bo conferred on any pcreoii,
Duleag lie be a Qradnate io Arta of one of
the Uiiiversitiea of Englaad, Scotland, or

' Ireland, or of such other UniTeiBitieB ■■
are above Bpecifletl. or nntess he eball,
before or at tbe time of hU obtaining tbe
DegTe« of Bnchelor of Medicine or tbere-
aft«r, have passed a, satisfactory Exami-
nntion in Greet, and in Lc^ic or Moral
PLilosopby, and in one at least of the fol-
lowing snbjecta, namely, French, Gernian,
Higher Mathematics, and Natural Phi-
losophy. And provided also that the
candidiite for the Degree of Doctor of
Medicine shall submit to the Medical

. Faculty a Thesis, certified by him to have

' been composed by himself, and which
shull be opproved by the Facnltj, on any
branch of knoirledge cainprifled in the
Profession ul £xamiiiiitions for the D^ree
of Bachelor of Medicine, nbicb he may
have made a subject of study after having

^ received that Degree.

I'he candidate muet lodge big Thesis
v/\ih tbe Dean on or before SOth April of
tbe year in wbioh he proposes to Graduate.
No TlicaU will be ap|)roved b; the Medical
Faculty which does not contain either the
results of original abservatione in Practical
Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery, or some of
the Sciencea embraced in the Corrica-
Inm for the Bachelor's Degree ; or else a
full digest and critical ejposition of the
opinions and researches of others on the
Bubject selected by the candidiite, accom-
|ianied by precise references to the publi-
cations quoted, so that duo veriSctitiou
mny be facilitated.

Cnndidato.=, settled for a peiiod of years
in foreign parts, who have complied with
all the regulations for the Degree of M.D.
(under the new Statutes), but who cannot
' appear personally to receive. the Degree,
miiy, on satisfying the Senatus to that
elfi'ct, by production of sufficient official
tcf timoninls, have the Degree conferred on
them in absence.

XV III .—Tbe Medical Eiaminers for all
candidates for Graduation in Medicine
are the Professors in the Faculty of Medi-
cine, along with the twelve non-profes-
sional Eiamincrs appoiuted annually by
the University Court.

XIX.— Tbe Provisions of these Statutes
came into operation on the 4th of February,
1861.

XX — Persons who began their Medical
studies' before the 4th of February, 1861,

J entitled toOradnate under the systM

force before or after that di ' .

ing as they may comply with the ri _ _

in force in the University before d

alter that date.

.'li. — In conformity with the 'd
eipressed by the Privy Council, It _^^
bceti resolved, that a candidate for a
Degree in Medidne must produce at big
final Eiamination a certificate from ■
recognised Vaccine Department in ' tin
Hospital Dispensary, or other public In-
stitation, to tbe effect that ho bos himself
perfonned the operation succeasfolly under
the teacher's iospoctjon ; that he is fauiiliar
with the' different stages of the vaccine,
vesicle, and with the method of preservis^H
lymph, and is thoroughly informed i^H
every necessary part of the subject. ^M

rSES BOB SSOBBEB M

First Professional Eiaminatlon, £5 5s, i
Second Professional Examination, £6 Bs.;
Fiual Eiauiinntioa, £5 Gs.; Total Fees for
M.B. Diplonla, £16151.; Additional Fee
for CM. Diploma, £5 5s. ; Additiomil
Fee for M.D, Diploma, £5 gs. ; Government
Stamp-duty for M.D. only, £10; Total
Fees and Stamp for graduating as M.D.
only, by Regulations for Students oatll<a
meneing before February, 1861, £26.

GLiSGOW, PonNDBD 1454
Three Degrees in Medicine ore gntated
hy this University, viz. Bachelor of Medi-
cine (M.B.), Master in Snrgery (CM.), and
Doctor of Medicine (M.D,), according to
the following Tugolations : ~

. DGQBBEa I

P DiOHBlOB

I

d

i

A. — Qeneral Sdvcalion .- — 1. Candi-^
dates for these Degrees are required to
pass an Eiamination in the following
braDches, vii. — English, Latin, Arith-
metic, the Elements of Mathematics and
tbe Elements of Mechanics. The pr""~
ciency of Students in these braachet
ascertained by examination prior t

of their Professional EdH

2. Candidates are also required, prevSon
to their First Professional EiaminntioD,'
pass an examination in at least (ico of tl
following subjects, selected by the a
date, viz. ; — Greek, French, Germi
Higher Mathematics, Natural Philosophj^
Natural History, Logic, Moral Pbibaophj^
and this examination takes place,

a« possible, befpre tlie candiciate has En-
tered upon his Medical Curnculum.

3. The EiBmiiiabioDs ia General Educa-
tion are conducted bj some of the Exa-
miners in Arti (who may be Prof eseors),
together with some of the Medical Exa-

4. A Degree in Arts (not being an hono-
rary Degree) of any of the Universities of
Eagland, Scotland, and Ireland, or a Degree
in Arts of any Colonial br Foreign Univer-
sity, which may for this purpose bave
been specially recognised by the University
Comt, exempts .candidatoe ti-om Examina-
tion in General Education.

B. — Prqftisional Education ;— 1. Can-
didates must hare been engaged in Pro-
feesionnl stndy for a period of four years ;
the Mfdicftl Session of each year, or Annus
Mediena, bting constituted by attendance
on at least two Courses of not less than one
handred Lectores each, or on one such
Conrse,'aad two Courses of not less than
fifty Loctnres each : excepting in the cose
of the Clinical Courses, in which it shall be
lufBcient that the Lectures be given twice
B-week daring the proscribed period.

2. Of the four years constitating the
Curriculum, one at least must have been
paaaed ia the University of Glasgow, and
anotlier uither in that University or in som ~
other University entitled to give Degrei
in Medicine. For the remaining years,
not passed at a recognised University, a'

idancs during at least six winter months
tlie Medical nnd Surgical Practii'o of a
leral Hospital, nhich accommodates at
' eighty patients, with' a course oi
ical Anatomy daring the same period,
nuy be reckoned one A.nsvt Medieua i
and another such year may be constituted
by attendance for the rtiquisite period on
the Lectures of Teachers of Medii^iue in
Hospital Schools of London, or in the
>1 of the College of Surgeons of Dub-
I SQoh other Schools as may for the
be reoognised by the University
t, with the consent of the Chancellor
of the University. Bat attendance
Lectures by such teachers is not recogni
to the extent of more than four of the
depnrhnents of Medical study required for
the CurricDtum.

3. Candidates must produce certilicatei
of having studied the following depart-
ments of Mediciil Science in the menni
specified : — An atomy, Chemistry, Instituti
of Medicine or Physiology, Materia Mi
dioa and Pharmacy, Surgery, Practice of I jects ; and th
Hedirane, Midwifery and Dise^ises of in part by Clinic
Women and Children i each in a Course | 3. Candidntcs

19

)t less than one hundred Lectures.
Botany, Zoology, with Comparative Ana-
tomy, Medical Jnrispradence j each in a
" lurse ot not less than fifty Lectares.

Pathological Anatomy, in a three months'
Course of Lectores, with a aapplementa!
Course either of Practice of Medicine or of
Clinical Medicine. But a Course of Gene-
ral Pathology, of one hundred Lectures,
will be held equivalent to the foregoing.

Clinical Sui^ry, Clinical Medicine ; each
a six months' Course, or in two three

oaths' Courses ; two Lectures being given

Practical Anatomy, during six months.

Practical Chemistry, during threa
months.

Practical Pharmacy, daring three
months; consisting in compounding and
diapenaing Drngs in the Laboratory of an
Hospital, or Dispensary of b registered
Medical Practitioner, or of a Member of
the Pharmaceutical Society of Qreat
Britain.

Hospital' Practice, Surgical and Itledi-
cal ; consisting in attendance daring
two years at a recognised General Hos-
pital, accommodating not fewer than righty

^^-iendai

^■ta^tiu

^Bt"

1

Practical Midwifery, consisting in at-"
tendance during three months at an Obstet-
ric Hospital, or attendance en at least six
cases of Labour, certified by a registered
Medical Practitioner.

Ont-door Practice, during six months, at
an Hospital or Dispensary, or with a regis-
tered Medical Practitioner.

Vaccination j evidence of n practical
knowledge of, obtained from a recognised

C— Frofeiiional Examinatioiu ,— 1,
Candidates are examined on oil the depart-
ments of Medical study reqniied in the
Cnrricnlum, in three divisions, as follows :
—Fintl^V- Oo Chemistry, Botany; and
Elementary Anatomy ; Seeondlg. On Ad-
vanced Anatomy, Zoology, with Compara-
tive Anatomy, and Physiology; and
Thirdly. On Materia Medica, General Pa-
thology, Surgery, Practice Of Medicine,
Midwifery, Medical Jurisprudence, Clinical
Surgery, and Clinical Medicine.

2. The Eiamiaationa on these mbjecta
are conducted partly in writing and partly
vivS voce. The Examinations OQ Anatomy,
Chemistry, Physiology, Botany, Zoology,
, and Materia Medica arc also conducted, as
I far as possible, by demonstration a of ob-
Sorgcry and Medicine,

my be adiuittsd to E»a- ,

MEDICAL EDUCATlOlt AND PEACTICB

t

mitiHtjoa on the Firet Divialon of subjucts
at He end of tlie second yenr ot tbei
Btudita, upon producing certificitAa of tbei
having attendiid tlie required courses ; uid
tliDse who hare paieed the Fitst Eiamina-
tion muj be EiBininfld Dn tho Second Divi'
sioQ ol' BuliusctB, at tbe end of their third
year of iCudj. The BiammBtiou on tbe
Third DifisioD of lubjucti cnnuot take
pUce until the caodiilntes have contpleteil
their course of etudj, and have paeaed the
EiBminatioD on the First Tno Divisiooa.

4. Candidates may be admitted to the
Beat two of tbeaa EiamioatiouB after tbeir
third year of atndy j or, to the three Eia-
miuationB after the completion of their
atadiea ; but they are strongly recom-
mended to take tbe First and Second
Examinations at an earlier period, as sug-
gested in the foroguing regulation.

5. If any candidate shall, on exainina-
tion, be fouod anqualified, he cannot be
again admitted to Examination until he
shall have eompletcd anatlier year of
study, or ancb portion of another year as
may be preaoribed by tho Examinera.

a. The Medical Eiaminers are the Pro-
feaiora in the Faculty of Medicine of tbe-
Univarsity (including the Professor of Na-
tural History) and the Aaseatora appointed
annually foe the purpose hy the University

D. Age of Candidalat. — Every candi-
dal* for the Degree of Baebeior of Medicine
must produce a certlHcato that, on the day
of Graduation, be will ba*e attained the
age of twenty-one years.

E. Degree of Matter in Surgery.— THAa
Degree is conferred only on candidates
who obtain at the same time the Degree of
Bacbeloc of Mediciue.

II. SESBEE 01 DOOTOB OF IfEHIClVB

Candidates for the Degree of Doctor of
Medicine must produce evidence to the
following effect:

Firit. Of having' completed tbe age of
twenty .four years.

Second. Of having obtained tbe Degree
of Bachelor of Medicine.

Third. Of possessing a Degree in Arte,
or of having either before or at the time
of obtaining the Bachelor'a Degree, or
witMn three years thereafter, passed an
oiaminatiou in Gnick, in Logic or Moral
PhiloBophy, and in one at least of tbe
following subjects, wliicb the candidate is
at liberty to select, *iz. ;— French, German,
Higher Mathematics, Natural Philosophy,
and Natural Eistoi'y.

Fourth. Of having been engaged, after

obtaining the Degree of Bachelor of Me-
dicine, for at least two years in attendance
on an Hospital, or in the Military or Naval
Medical Service, or in Medical and Sar-
gical Practice.

Fiflh. Each candidate is required, pre-
vionsta gradnation, to produce an Inaug-
ural Disaertatiou, co»pofied by himself, c"
a subject in Medicine, or one of the allii
Sciences, for the approval of tbe Senat
Academicos.

ug.
li««^|

1. The annual terms for cotifeiring Me-
dical and Surgical Degrees ore tbe first ef
May and the first of August.

2. Tlio Proresiionol Eiaminatians are
held in April, July, and Ootobet. Before
being admitted to Examination, every can-
didate most, at snch period of tbe year
as may bo fixed by the Senate of tlis
Univeraity, lodge with the Begiitrax -
statement of hia studios, general m
profesaional, together with tlie proper^
curtiflcates, including, when neceasBry>
that of Hge, his Inaugural Dissertation (for
tlie Doctorate), or other Documents, and
tbe Fees.

8. Tbe Einminatjons in Qeneral Ednca-
jon are held in the beginning of October
ind beiciniiiilg of April,

4, Tbe Fees for the foregoing Degrees
ire OS follow, viz. ■■

For the Degree of M.D. . £1C IS O
For tbe Degree of CM. (in
addition to tbe Fees for
M.B.) .... E E

•.e of ths - ^
girtrat i.jM
era! hu^^H
e propwr^^l
oeceasBry> ^^|

M.B.), £6 5s., and Go- ■
vemment Stamp for Di-
ploma, £10 8a. . . le 8

5. Tbe foregoing Statutes apply
undidates who cuminenced tbeir Medical
.itudies on or after the Ist October, 1861.
Candidates who began tbeir Medical stu<
dies betove that date are entitled to obtain,
their Degrees according to the Regula-
tions existing at the time when tliey
menccd their studies.

LONDON, FousDBi), 1836

M4TS1CCLAT10N

(^N.B. Candidates for the Degree o£.i
,A., and cnndidates for the Degree of J
.Sc.-, of M.B,, DC of LL.B., who have nof]
graduated in Arts either in the Univer- J
lity of Sydney, or in that of Helboumfl^ 1

I

are nqmred to have paised tha Matri-
culation Eiamimitioii.

Tbc Matriculation ExHminatioQ is
among tiiose EiaminHtions of which every
Medical stiidDut commenciug liig profes-
aJDim! Btadies after September, 1S61, ie
r^qaircd (by the Kegulatione of the Medi-
cal Council} to have passed some one. And
it is aeceptcd hj tha Rojal College of
Surgeons of England iu place of the
Freliminnrj Eimaination otherwise im-
posed on candidates for its Fellowship.]

There are two EiaminalioDB for Matri-
culation in each year ; one commencing on
the second Monday in January, and the
other on the l^t Monday in Juno. So
candidate is admitted lo the MatricQlation
Eiamination onleas he have produced a
certificate showing that hs hna completed
his aiiteenth year. A Fee of Two Pouads
is paid at Matriculation. The Eiamina-
tiDD is conducted by moans of printed
papers; but the Euuniners are BOt pre-
clnded from putting, for the purpose of
ascertaining the competence of the candi-
dates to pass, vied coce qoestions to any
candidate in the Eubjects in which they
are appointed to examine. Candidates far
the Matriculation Elimination are. ex-
amined in the following subjects : — Mathe-
matics: Arithmetic and Algebra; Geo'-
metryi Natural Philosophy. Chemistry.
Classici : the 'Greeli and Latin Languages
(one Greek and one Latin subject, to be
selected one year and a half previously by
the Senate). Tlie English Language. Out-
hnea of English History and Modern Oeo-
graphj. The French Language. The Ger-
man Language, Candidates shall not be
approved by .the Examiners unless they
abon a competent knowledge in: — 1. The
Latin Language, with Grammar, History,
and Geography. 2. Any two of the fol-
lowing Languages i Greek, with Questions
in Grammar, History, and Geography ;
French and German, with Qoestions in
Grammar. 3, The English Language,
English History, and Modern Geography.

4. Mathematics. 6. Natural Philosophy.

5. Chemistry.

Candidates for the Degree of Bachelor
of Medicine ahall bo required ; — 1. To
have passed the Matriculation Eiamina-
tioQ cf this University, or to have taken a
Degree in Arts in either of the Universities
of Sydney, Melbourne, Calcutta, or Ma-
dras (provided Latin has been one of the
lubjects in wbicli he has passed). S. To
b>vc poased the Preliminary Scientific Ex-

DPB ' Bl

amination. 3. To have been engaged in
their protesaional studies during four years
subsequently to Matriculation, or Gradua-
tion in Arts at one or more of the Medical
Institutions or Schools recognised by this
University; ono year, at least, of the
four, to have been spent in one or more of
the reci^nised Institntioos or Schools in
the United Kingdom. 4. To pass t\vo
Eiaminations in Medicine.

The Frcliminary Scjeutific Eiamination
shall take place once in each year, and
shall commence on the third Monday in
July. No candidate aball be admitted to
this Examination until he shall have com-
pleted his seventeenth year, and shall have
either passed the Matriculation Examina-
tion, OF taken a Degree in Arts in either
of the Universities of Sydney, Melbourne,
or Calcutta ; nor unless ho have given no-
tice of his intention to the Registrar at
ieoil Jburleen dayt before the commence-
ment of thfe Examination. The Fee for
this Examination shall he Five Pounds.
No candidate shall he admitted ta the Ex-
amination unless he have previously paid
this Fee to the Registrar. If a candidate
withdraw or fail to pass the Examination,
the Fee shall not be returned to him ; hut
ha shall be admiasible to any two subse-
quent Preliminary ScientiSc Efaminationa
without the payment of any additional
Fee, provided that be give notice to the
Registrar at least /ourfeen days before the
commencement of the Examination. Can-
didates shall be examined in the fallowing
sabjects: — Mechanical and Natural Phi-
losophy, Inorganic Chemistry, liotany and
Vegetable Physiology, Zoology.

The First M.B. Examination shall take
place once in each year, and shall com-
mence on the last Monday in July. So
candidate shall be admitted to this Ex-
amination unless he have prodaeed certifi-
cates to the following efi'act ;— 1. Of having
completed his nineteenth year. S. Of
having passed the Preliminary Scientific
Examinatiou at least one year previously.
3. Of having, subsequently to having
taken a. Degree iu Aita in one of the above
named Universities, or passed the Matri-
culation Examination, been a student
during two years at ono or more of the
Medical Insbtuttona or Schools recognised
by this University, and of having attended
a Course of Lectures on each of three of
the subjects in the following list : — De-

:ed ■

led' ^1

A

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

I

■criptire and Surgical Anatomj ; GenernI
Anitloiny «iid Phyaiologjr ; Cumparative
Anatomj-j Pathological Aiiii(<im;; Materia
MedlcaandPhaimacy; aeoeral Pathologj;
OencntI Tborapotitica; Foreasip Mcdicicei
Bjigieae; Obstetric Meclidaeand Diseaseg
peculiar to Women and Infantsi Surgery;
Medicine. 4. Of having, sabsequeittl; to
havlDR taken a Degree in Arts or passed
tlie Mati'icalatioD Kiuminntion, diasected
daring two Winter ScBBiooa. 5. Of Lnving,
subsequentlj to baving taken a Degree in
Art! or piwied the Hatriculutlon Examina-
tioQ, attended a course of Practical Cbem-
iitry, comprebending practical excrciaea in
coDducling tbe more important proceaies
□f general and Pburmaccutical Cbemiatrj;
in appljicg teats for discovering tbe adul-
teration of articles of the Matetia Medicu
and the presence and nature of poisona;
and in tbe, eintnination of'minerol watare,
animal aecretiong, urinorj depoaiti, calculi,
&c. 6. Of having attended to Practical
Pharmaoj, and of having acquired a prac-
ical knowledge of tbe preparation of
Mediclnee. The Fee for thie Eiainination
aball be Five Ponnda. No candidate shall
be admitted to tbe EiamiDation unless ho
have previonsly paid thia Fee to the Regis-
trar. If a candidate withdraw or fail to
pass the Eiaminatioii, the Fee shall not be
returned to bim; hat he shall be admisai-
ble to any two subsequent First M.B. Ex-
aminations without the payment of any ad-
ditional Fee, provided that be give notice to
' the Kegiatrar at least j'ourfran das/i bvrore
the commencement of the Eiamination.
Candidatea shall be examined in tbe fol-
lowing subjects: — Anatomy J Fbysiolagyi
Materia Medica and Pharmaceutical Chem-
istry; Organic Chemistry,

BSCOKD V.B. BXAUIHATIOH

The Second M.B. Examination shall taki
place once in each year, and shall commence
op the first Monday in November, No
candidate shall be admitted to this Fi-
nmination within two Bcademical yeara of
the time of his passing the First Examina-
tion, nor unless be have produced certiti-
catea to thefollowing effect :— 1. Of having
passed tbe Pirst M.B. Examination. 2. Of
having, subsequently to having passed tbe
First M.B. Examination, attended a Course
of Lectures on each of two of the subjects
comprehended in the list under tlio First
M.B. Examinatimi, and for which the can-
didate had not presented certificates at the
FiretM.B, Examination. 3. Of bavingcon-
L ducted at least twenty Labours (oertificates
~a this lubject will be received from any

legally -qualified Practitioner iu Medioine).
4. Of haying attended the Surgical Prac-
tice of a recogai^d Hospital or Hospitals
dnringtwo years, with Clinical instruction
and Lectures on CUuical Surgery. 6. Of
having attended the Medical Practice of a
recognised Hoapitol or Hoipitoli doriiiK
two years, with Ciioical inatmctioD and
Lecture* on Clinical Medicine. (N.B, The
studeBt's attendance ou the Surgical and
on tbe Medical Hospital Practice, specified
in Bcgolationa 4 and 5, may commence at
any date aftjjr bis passing tbe PrelimitiaTy
ScientiSc Examination, arid may be com-

Srised either within the same or within
ifferent years j provided that, in every
case, his attendance on Hospital Practice
be continued for at least eigbti^n moBths
BubseiLuently to hie passing the lirst M.B.
Examination. Attendance during three
months in the Wards of a Lunatic Asylum,
recognised by the University, with Clinical
instruction, may be substituted fbr a like
period of nttvndance on Medical Hoipitftl
Practice.) 6. OF having, subsequently to
the completion of his attendance on Surgi-
cal and Medical Hospital Practice, attended
to Practical Medicine, Surgery, or Ob-
stetric Medicine, with Special Charge of
Patients, in a HospituI, Infirmary, Dispen-
sary, or Parochial Union, during six montha.
7. Of having acquired proficiency in
Vaccination. Certilicatea on thia subji
wil} be received only from tbo antboriia4^
vaccinators appointed by tbe Privy Conm"
The candidate aball nlao produce a certi
cKte of moral character from a teacher
t)ie last echool or institution at which _
bus stndied, as far na tbe teaoher's oppor-
tunity of knowledge has extended. The
Fee for this Examination shall be Five
Pounds. Candidates shiill he eismined.in
the follow iugsuhjecCa: — OcQeral Pathology,
General Therapeutics, and Hygieneg Sur-
gery; Medicine: Obstetric Medicine; For-
ensic Medicine. Tbe ExaminatioDS shBll
include questions in Surgical and Medical
Anatomy, Putbologicnl Anatomy, oucl.
Pathological Cheniiatry. |

irt^H^I

h b^H

Bachelor of Surgery shall take place
in each year and shall commence on ma
Tuesday following the fonrth Monday io
November. No candidate shall be admitted
to this Examination unless he have pro-
duced certificates to the following effect :
— 1. Of havingpassed the second Exami-
nation for the Degree of Bachelor of
Mtdioine in this University, 3, Of having

dttonded s course of inatniction in Opernti
Surgery, uul of luFing operated on t
Dead Subject. These certiScatea aball
trsngmitted to the Registrar at least
fourteen dags before tLe Enamination
begina. TheFeefur tbigExamintitionilmll
be Five Pounda. No caadidote shall be
Admitted to this ExaminBtioD noless he
previoQsty paid this Fee to the Ke-
r. If a cnadidata withdraw or fail to
the Eiiuninution, the Fee shall not be
'letnrnGd to him ; but he shnll be admisBible
to aa; Imo sahgequent B. S. Examiiiatiotis
without the pnyment of fluj additional Fee,
prorided that he give notice to the liegistrar
at Icflfit fourteen dayi before tlie com-
mencemeDt of the E:» mi nation.

be Fiv»

^^^tSB tbi

p The Eiamioatiou for the Degree of
» Master ia Surgery shall take place on '
each year, and shall commence on
fourth Monday in November, No candidate
shallbe admitted to thia EKaminntiouuuless
ha have produced certiflcatea to the follow-
ing effects— 1. Of haviug taken the Degree
of Bachelor of Surgery in this University.
2. Of having attended, subsequently to
having taken the Degree of Bachelor of
Surgery in thjs University— a. To Clinical
or Practical Surgery dnring two yeara in a
Hoapital or Medical luatitation recognised
by this Univaraity. J. Or to Clinical or
Practical Snidery daring one year in a Hos-
pital or Medical Institutieo rcco^i^edby
this Univeraity, andof having been engaged
during three years in the practice of bis
profeasioQ. c. Or of having been engaged
dnring five years, in the pructlco of his
prof^ion, ^tlier before or after taking Che
Degree of B>tchelor of Surgery in ibis
University, One year of attendance on
Clinical or Practical Surgery, or tn-o years
of practice will bb dispensed witli in the
ease of those candidates who, at the B.S^
Eiamination, have been placed in the first
division. 3, Of moral character, signed by
two peraona of respectability. Those certi-
fleatti ehaU be tranamitted to the Registrar
•t least Jiiiirieen dayl -before the Eiami-
nation begins. The Fee for the Degree of
Muter in Surgery shall be Five Pounds.
No candidate shall be admitted to the
Examination unless he have previously paid
thii Fee to the Registrar. If a candidate
withdraw or fail bo pass the Etamination,
the Fee aball not be returned to him ; but
heshall be admissible to any one subsequent
U.S. Examiuation withoat the payment of
aoy additional Fee, providud that bo give
notice to the Begiatrar at least feiirteea

conducted by meoua of printed papers and
viva voce interrelation. Candidatea shall
be examined in the fallowing snbjccta ! —
Logic and Moral Philosophy ; names, ■
noticuB, and propoaitions; syliogiani : in-
duction and subsidiary operationa; the
seDSHe; the intellect; the will, including
the theory of moral obligation. (Any can--
didate wbo hoB taken the Degree either
orB.A., U,8c.,orM.D. in this Univeraity
is exempted from this part of the Eiami-
natiou ; and dny candidate who has passed
tlie Secnnd M.B,- EiamiULition may at ojiy
aubsequeut M.S. Examination present him-
aelf for Li^o and Moral Pliiloaopby alone
if he so prefer; thereby gaining exemption,
if be should pass, from Examination in that
Bubjeet when ho preients himself to ba
examined for the Degree of Master in
Surgery.) Surgery. — fi, in the opinion of
the Examiners, sufficient merit be evinced,
the candida.te who shall distingnisbbimaelf
the most in Surgery at the Examination
for the Degree of Master id Surgery shall
receiveagold medal ofthe value of Twenty
Pounds.

soaioB or ubsioikb

The Eiamiaation for the Degree of
Doctor of Medicine shall take place once
in each year, and ahall commeuce on the
I'oiu'th Monday in November. No condi-
date shall be admitted to this Examination
a he have produced certifleates to tlie
following effect:—!. Of having taken the
Degree of Bachelor of Medicine in this
University. Z. Of having attended, sub-
seijuently to having taken the Degree of
Bachelar-of Modieinoin this University —
a. To Clinicaloc Practical Medicine daring

years in a Hospital or Medical Insti-

tion recognised by this University.

i. Or, to Clinical or Practical Medicine

during one year in a Hospital or Medical

Institution recognised by this University,

id of having been engaged during three

ars in the practice of his profession.

Or of having been engaged daring five
years in the practice of his profEsalou,
either before or after taking the Degree of
BactLelor of Medicine in this University.
(One year of attendance on Clinical or
Practical Medicine, or two years of practice,
will be diapensed with in the case of those
candidatea who, at the Second M.B.
Examination, have been placed in the
Srst division.) 3. Of moral uhnracter,
signed by. two persons of respectnbility.
Tlie Fee for the Degree of Doctor of

I

1

' it

l

^^H UedicincBhnll be Five Pounds. Thseinoii-

^^H n&tion atutll be conducted b; meaoi of

^^^ printed papers anivivd voce interrogation.

^^H CAiididat«B shall be eiamincd in the tol-

^^H lowing^ auhjecti : — Lope and Moral Philo-

^^B lophj. (Any candidate who hastaken the

^H Se^ee either of B.A., B.Sc., or M.S. in

^^H this Unirei'sitj is exempted from tliii part

^^H of the Emminstion ; and any candidate

^^H who has passed the Second M.B. Eialni-

^^H nation may preaent himself at Hsy sabse-

^^^ qnent M.I). EiLtiininiition for Logic and

Mornl Fhilaaaph; alone, if be eo prefer;

thereby gaining exemption, if he should

piaa, from EiamiDation iu that subject

when be prescub himself to Ijo examined

for the Degree of Doctor of Medioi

Uediciuc.— If, in the opinion of the

aminers, snfficient merit be evinced, tile

oandidate who shall distinguish himself the

moit in Hedicine at the Examinatjoa for

the Degree of Doctor of Medicine shall

receiTeagDldmedtilof the value of Twenty

Founds.

SrEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

I

OXFOED, ESTABLIBHSD

Two Degrees in Medicine are cotiferriMl

I. Tbe candidate mnlit, previously to 1
applicntinn for udmisiion to Examination,
have obtained the B.A. nt this University
mfter a residence of three years.

II. He must prodnce certidcates of
Medical study during four years, subsu-

Siently to the final Examination iu Arts at
iford, from some respectable Medical
School.

III. He must pass tivo Eiaminatio
Medicine — tlie one Scientific, after two
years' Medical Stndy — the other Practical,
after two more years' Medical Study.

The flniijectB of the Tirat Examination

Homan Anatomy and Pliysiology.
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology.
Experimental Physics.
Medical Botany.
Medical Cliemifltry,

Tliis Examiuation is partly practical,
partly written, and partly vivdvoce.

The subjects of the Second Exnmination

Theory and Practice of Medicine.

Materia Medica.

Pathology.

Principles of iJnrgery and Midwifery.

Medical Jurisprudence.

General Hygiene.

3ome portions of two Medical Classics —

either HlppocrntCs, Gnlen, Aretana, of
Celsus, must be chosen as one, and Mor-
gagni, Sydenham, or Boerhaave may ba
taken for the other.

Xliis Examination is partly practi
partly written, and partly nind vace.

The Degree of M.U. may he taken three'
years after the Final Examination for the
M.B. has been passed. The candidate i»
required to publicly read, in the presence
of the Regius Profvasor of Physio, a Di«-
sertation written by himself on a subject
previonaly approved by the Profetsor, and
a copy of the Dissertation will be kept tit'
the Radeliffe Library. <

QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY IN IREIAND
(Qcebn'b CoLLiaEB OF Cobs, BELriST,

iHV QALWAY) ESTIBLIBKGD 1S50

Each candidate for the Degree of Doctor
in Medicine or Master in Surgery, or for
the Diploma in Midwifery, is required —
1. To have passed in one of the Collegei
of the Queeu'a University the Entrance
tCiamiuatioo in Arts, and to have been
admitted a Matriculated student of tba
University. 2, To have attended, in one
of the Queen's Colleges, Lectnraa on one
Modem Continental Lunguage for six
months, and Lectures on Natural Phi-
losophy for six months. 3. To have alio
attended, in soma one of the Quean's Col-
leges, at least two of the courses of Lecturei
marked witli an asterisk iu the following
lists. For the remainder of the Courses,
anthenticatod certificates will be received
from the Frefcsaurs or Lecturers in Uni-
versities, Colleges, or Schools, Tccogniied
by the Senate u[' the Queen's University in
Irelapd. 4. To pass Three University Ex-
aminutioua — the First Univer>ity Exanii-
nation, the Second University Examtnatiatli _
and the Degree ExamiDatlon. J

The Curriculum extends- over at leattl
four years, and is divided into Periods of^l
leasttnoyearseach. Candidatcsare recom-TI
mended to pass the Matriculation Stamina-
tiou prior t^ euteriugon the Second Period.
Tt is recommended that the First Period
shall comprise attendance on the following
onrses of Medical Lectures : — •Chemistry,
Botany, with Herburizntions for pntcUcal
study, Zoology, 'Anatomy and Physitrfi^y,
•Practical Anatomy, ■Materia Medica and
Pharmacy, And that the Second Period
eball comprise Rtteudancc on the following
Courses of Medical Lectures : — Anatomy
and Physiology, Practical Anatomy, Theory
and Practice of Surgery, Midwifery, Theory

ba

and Pnutiee of UedidM. Hcdiol Jnii>-

In addition to the ibore Cemei «f
LectnreB, candidates mnit attokd.

eitber the First or Second Period — it ■

Modern Coalitmlal Laagaagt <^ a

the Colleges of tlie CnlTecv^). Eiftri- I

mffofot Pkytie* C one of tbe OoU^ea of ■

tbe Diiiienitj). Also, doriiu the fiak

Period— Pmrtieol ClaMh; (iD

nUed laboratiwi). ISKdim-danuyrat

Botfiiat (Tecogniwd bj the Senile), ood-

taioing it least uxtj bed* ; togetber viA (

the CUuicsl Lectoicfl tfaenaD delivered, at ■

lea^t two each week — s Winter Sewion of i

six month*. -Kai dnring the Second I

Period — Praelical IDdriferg. A certi- i

flcate of hariBg attended at a recc^siKd , i

Midwifery Hospital, xith the Clinical < I^sguages and Eiperimeatat Phjsics a

Lectures therein delirered, for a period of ; ■ part of the Second CniTersicj Eliimi-

three months ; or of haling attended a I nation; or maj present themselves for ei-

Midwifeij Dispeniar; for the same period ; j aioiaation in these snbjects at an; time

or of having atteaded ten cases of Laboor, . between the Second TJoireTsity lliunfna- '

under the toperintendence of the Medical ' tion and the D^rce EiiminHtion. tt is

Officer of auj Hospital or Ditpenaai; ' competent tuT stadents to present them-

where coses of Lxlioor are treated. ' selies for the Second Univeraitj Ezsmiua-

Medico-Chiruryietl So^it-at (recognised 1 tion at the termination of the First Period

by the Senate) containing at IsasC aiitj- j of the Cnrriculnm, ot at-any sabaequent

bedsi together with the Clinical Lectores | period j bnt no student is allowed to

tbennn delivered — eighteen months; in< postpone his Secood University Eitimina-

yMft tlmMdTes fiir Exaai-

a in Uui gnBp of mbjects at anj

■fbr the doK of the first Winter

D. Briiae being admitted lo £x-

itKMi, cadi cmffidate most pnadace

ntubetdry evidence of having completed

the preacribed Courses of stady in the

■ulnecta of Kiaminalion.

T%e Steoad JJhneniig Eramimalioa
nay be pa»ed either in Jnne or Septem-
ber. It comprises the following mbjecti :
Anatomy, Hiynology, Materia Hettica,aad
Chemistry ; to which are added Zookgy
and Botany in the Examination of can^-
dates who tuTC not previonily passed
the First UniveniCy Eiaminatjon. Can-
didates who are in this position may either
idergo their Examination in Modern

eluding either three i^intet Sessions of si
months each nr two Winter Sessions of six
months each, and two Sammer Sessions of
three months each.

English Composition forms a part of all
University Euminations-

Candidales for Uonoars mnst satisfy
tha EiamioerB at the Pass Examination
before they are admitted to compete for
Hononrs ; and their answering at the Pass
Examination is taken into sccoant
termining the class of Honours
awarded to them.

Medical Examinations are held In Jane
and in Septeaiber and October. The Ji
Eiaroimitions are Pass Examinatioi .
those held in September include both
HonoDT and Pass E laminations. Each
Candidate for Eiai
forward to the Secretary, on or before the
first of Jnne, notice of his flilention to
offer himself as a candidate, along with
his certificates; and each candidate for
Eiamiuatiou in September most. forward
cimilar notice, along with his oertificBtea,
on or before the first of September.

TheMnt Univeriilsi ExamiHatioa idaj
be passed either in Jone or September.
It Oomprises the following Babjects:— A
Modern Language, ExpecimoDtal Physics,
2oaloK7 wd BoUny. It is competent for

until the time when he presents him-
self for bis Degree Einmination.

Before being admitted to Examination,
each candidate mnst produce satiifaatory
evidence of having completed the conrse
reoommendt^ for study during the First
Period of the Curricnlom extending over
at least two Winter Sessions.

Examimatioiu /or Ikt Degreta of M.D..
M. a., and the Diptoma in Midwiffiy,
are held in June and September.

The Fee for each Degree is Five Pounds,
and -the Fee for the Diploma in Mid-
wifery ia Two Pounds. Each i'ee most be
lodged with the Secretary before the cor-
responding Examination begins.
__Each candidate must be recoiumendcd
b; the President of his College, and pro-
duce certificates to the fi>Uowing effect
1. A certificate from the Secretary of the
Queen's University, that he has pn»sed the
previous Eiamlnations, unleai the Senalu
has passed a Qraee permitting the candi-
date to present himself for the Examina-
tions simultaneously, a. From the Conncil
of his College, that he hng passed a full
Examination in the suhjects of study pre-
scribed for the entrance course of tb
Faculty of Arts, and has been admitted
Matricnlnted student in the Faculty of
Medidne, 3. That he has nttendsd ia tb«

I

r

I

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

CoUogee of the Queen'a TJniverflity tv
the Conrsea nmrked with an asterUk;
Blgo Lectures on one Modurn Lnuguikgc,
and Lecture! on EiperimeDtuI Pbyaics- 4.
CertiGcat«g tliat ho has camplctcd all
other prescribed' Co ursea.

Degrees in Surgery and Diplomas in
Midwifery are coaferred only on candi-
dates who hold the Degree of Doctor is
Meilicine of the University.

The Eiaminatiou for the Degre
M.D. comprises the Bubjecte recommended
for atndy during the Second Peridd of
Medical Education.

The Eiamication (or the Degree of
M. Ch. comprises au Eiamination in the
Theory and Practice of Surgery, including
Operative add Clinical Surgery.

The Euimiuation for the Diplon
Midwifery comprises an Examioatii:
,the Theory and Practice of Midwifery, and
the use of Ohstetrioal Instrumenta and
appliances.

ST ANDREWS, EHTiflLigKHi 1413

I.— The Degree of Doctor of Medi
may be conferred by the Universitj of SI.
AndretBt on any registered Medicu Frac-
- titiiiner above the age of forty years,
whose professional position and eipErience
are such as, in the estimation of the Uoi-
Versity, to entitle, him to that Degree, and
who shall, on EnaminatioD, satisfy the Me-
dical Examiners of the sufficiency of his
professional knowledge; provided alivajs
that Degrees shall not be conferred under
this Settion on a, greater number than
tea in any one year.

n. — Any person presenting himself as a
candidate for the Degree of Doctor of
Medicine onder the first section, without
iiig previously obtsiUed the Degree of
Bachelor of Medicine, shall, on so preeellt-
ig himself, pay a Fee of -Fifty Guineas,
iclusive of the Stamp-duty.
Ill, — The Degrees in Medicine to be
hereafter granted by the University of St
Andreva shall be divide'd into Three
Classes, and be designated respectively
Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.), Master in
Surgery (CM.), and Doctor in Medicine
(M.D.).

IV. — The preliminary branches of ei.
tra- professional EUncation in the case of
candidates fur the Degrees sf Bachelor of
Medicine and Master in Surgery, shsl! be
English, Latin, Arithnetic the Elen]ent8

of Mathematics, and the Eleiuents of
Mechanics; and the proficiency of stu-
dents in these branches shall be ascer-
tained hy Examination prior to the com-
mencement of their Medical study.

V. — No cnndidato shall be admitted to
a professional Eiaminatjon for either of
the last- mentioned Degrees who has sot
passed a satisfactory Exaoiiuution on at
least two of the following subjects, in
addition to tho subjocts mentioned above:
—Greek, French, German, Higher JUathc-
matics. Natural Philosophy, Natural His-
tory, Li^ic, Moral Philosophy) and the
Eiamination on these Snbjecta also shall
take place before the candidate has en-
tered on his Medical Curricnlum.

VI. — A Degree in Ai-ts (not being an
Honorary Degree) of any of the Univer-
sities of Scottaitd or of Srtgland or Ira-
land, and also a Degree in Arta of
any Colonial or Foreign University, wluoh
may for this purpose have been specially
recognised by the University Court, shall
exempt candidates from all preliminary

VU,— No one shall 1m admitted to the
Degree of Bachelor of Medicine or Master
In tjurpiery who has not been engaged in
Medical and Surgical Study for four
yeara — the Medical Session of each year,
or Annua Medicug, being constituted by
at least two Courses of not leas than one
hundred' Lectures each, or by one such
Course, and two Courses of not leas than
fifty lectures each; but, in the case of
Clinical Courses, it shall be sufficient dul
the Lectures he given at least twice a
week during the prescribed periods.

VIII.— Every caudldate for tie Of
greei of Bachelor of Medicine and Maiter
in Surgery shall give scifflcient evideiue
by certificates ;

(1) That he has studied each of the Ibl-
lowing departments 'of Medical Scionsi,
—Anatomy, Chemistry, Materia Mfr
and Pharmacy, Institutes of BCedi.
. or Physiology, Practice of Uedicinc
Surgery, Midwifery, and the DiseuM
peculiar to Women and Children ; tM
Courses of Midwifery, of. three montbi
each, being reckoned equivalent to a <)i
mOQtha' Course, provided different de-
partments of Obstetric Medicine he tauf^
in each of the Courses, General PathologT,
or, in Schools whore there is no nek
Cour^, a" three months' Course of Lee-
tures on Morbid Anatomy, tkigether with *
supplemental Course of Practice of Medi
cine, or Clinioai Medicine : During Couraes
including not less thitn one liundred Lk-

tnrei. — FMcticol An&tomy, eix months. —
PrBotlcal Chemistry, three months. —
Fnictical MldvfLferj, three months at a
Midwifery Hospital, or a Certificate of
Attesdaiice on Six Cases from a Regis-
tered Medical Practitioner. — Clinical Medi-
cine, and Clinical Surgery, during Courses
of ail months. Or tvfo Conrsei of three
months; Lectures being given at least
twice a week. — Medical Jarisprudenee,
Botany, Zoolt^, with Comparative Ana-
tomy, during Courseg iucluding cot less
than fifty Lectures.

(2) That he has attended for at least
two years tbo Medical and Surgical Prac-
tice of a General Hospital, which accom-
modates not fewer tlmn eighty patients,
and poBsesses a distinct staS of Physicians
and Surgeons.

(S) That he has heea engaged for at
least three mouths, by appreutjceship, or
otherwise, in Compounding -and DispeuE-
ing Bnigs at the Laboratory of an Hos-
pital, Dispeasary. Member of a Surgical
College or Faculty, of a Licentiate of the
London or Duilin Society of Apothecaries,
or of a Member of the Pbarmacentical
Society of Great Britain.

(4) That he has attended fbr at least sii
raoittlis, by apprenticeship or otherwise,
the Oatpractice of an Hospital, or the
Practice of a Dispensary, or of a Physi-
cian, Surgeon, or Member o[ the Zon^on
T J)iibliit Society of Apotht

IX—

didate fgr the Degree of Bachelor of Msdi-
cilie or Master in Snidery, unless two
years at least of hia four years of Medical
and SnTgictU Study, as above defined, shall
have been in one or more of the following
Unirersities and Colleges, vii. ; — The Uni-
versity of SI Andreai ! the University of
Olaigoie ! the University of Aberdeen; the
University of Ediahurghi the University
of Oxford ; the University of Cambridge;
Trinils College, Bublin ; Queen'a College,
Belfait ; Qfteea'i College, Cork ; and
Queftt'* College, Oalwea),

X. — Every candidate for the Degrees of
Bachelor of Medicine aad Master in Sar-
gery shall, at such period of the Year in
which he proposes to Graduate, as may
be fixed for the purpose "by the -Seuatus
Amdemicas, lodge with the Senatos.

1. A dechiration, in his own band-
writing, that, on the day of Qradnatica,
he will huvB completed his twenty-first
year, and will not be under articles of
apprenticeship.

Z. A statement of his studies, as well
to Literatwe and Philosophy ns in Medi-

cine, accompanied with proper ccrtifi-

3. An inaugural Dissertation, composed
by himself, to be approved by the Senotns
Academic us.

XI,— Every candidate for the Degrees of
Bachelor of Medicine and Master in Sur-
gery shall be enamined both in writing
and piod voce, — Mrst, on Chemistry,
Botany, Elementary Anatomy, and Materia
Medics; Second i^, an advanced Anatomy,
Zoology, with Comparative Anatomy, Phy-
siology, and Snrgery ; and Tiirdlg, on
Practice of Medicine, Clinical Modicjne,
Clinical Surgery, Midwifery, General Pa-
thology, and Medical Jarisprndence.

XII.— Students, who profess themselves
ready to submit to an Examination on the
First Division of these sol^ectH at the
end of the second year of their Course,
may be admitted tc Examination at that

XIII. — Students, who have passed their
Eiamiuation an the First Division of these
subjects, may .he admitted to Eiaminntion
on the Second Division at the cud of the
third year of their Course.

XIV.— The Eiamination on the Third
Division shall not ialke place until the
candidate has completed the (oarth year
of his Conrse.

XV. — Candidates coay be admitted to
Examination on tho first two of these
Divisions at the end of their third year ;
or to the three Eiaminatious At the end
of their fourth year,

XTL — If any candidate, on Eiamlua-
tion, be found nnqualitied, he eball not
be again admitted to Examination, un-
less he shall have completed another
yeur of Medical study, or such portion
of another year a» may be prescribed
by tho Examiners when he is found un-
qualified.

XVII.— The Degree of Mast«r In Sur-
gery shail not be conferred on any person
who docs not at the same time ohtain the
Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.

XVlll.— The Degree of Dtictor of Mcdi.
cine may be conferred on any candidate
who has obtained the Degree of Bachelor
of Medicine, and is of tho age of twenty-
fo.ur years, and has hecD engaged, subse-
quently to bis having obtained the Degree
of Bachelor of Medicine, (or ut least two
jeilrs in attendance on an Hospital, or in
the Military or Naval Medical Service, or
in Medical and Sni^lcal Practice; pro-
vided always that, subject to the pro-
visions of the First SectioiT, thu Dugrtfc of
Docto' of Medicine shall not he ccnferred

I

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PBACTICE

on any perion unless he be a Graduntc lu
Arts, or unless he ahull, before, or at the
time of bis obtaining the Degree of
Bachelor of Medicine, or within three
yeara thereafter, have posaeil a eatisrai
torj Examination in Qreek, and in Logic
or Moral Philoaophj, and in one, at laast,
of the following subjects, namely, French,
Oerman, Higher Mathematici, Natural
Philosophy, and Natural History.

XIX. — Except under the provisions ol
the First Section, the Degree of Doctor ol
Medicine shall oot be conferred on any
person who has not previously obtained
the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.

XS.— There shall he paid by each
didate for the Degree of UacbelDr of
Medicine, a Fee of Five (Inineas ii
spect of each of the Three DiviHioi
the Jlxamiaation on professional subjects
specified in the Eleventh Section of this
Ordinance ; each such Fee of F
hfiag payable at the "time at which the
candidate comes forward to be examined
iu that Division in re>poct of which it ii
payable ; and, if the Candidate desire tc
be admitted to the Degree of Bachelor of
Medicine only, he shall not, on admission

paid by bim ; hut. if be desire to be
admitted to the Degree of Master in Sur-
gery also, he shall, on being admitted te
i Degree, pay a further Fee of Five
_ _.Qeas ; and every candidate for the
Degree of Doctor of Medicine, who tuis
previously obtained the Degree of Bachelor
of Medicine, shall pay, in addition to the
Fees paid by him as a cHudidate for the
Degree of Bo^helor of Medicine, a Fee of
Five Quineas, exclusive of any Stamp-duty
which may for the time be exigiblt

BBGCIAHOKS AS

TlTIOHBBa ABOTE THE AGE OF FOB!

The Examinations are held in the Us
TEBaiTY LiBBABY, annually, in April.
The Graduation Fee is Fifty Quineas.
Canilidutes must lodge with the Doan of
the Medical Faculty the following ccr-
tiScatea, along with application for admis-
to Eiamination :

— A certificate of Age, being a bap-
tismal certiflcate, or an affidavit rf age.
II. — Holograph certificates from at
^ least three Mescal men, of HcknowledgeJ
-natation in the profession, or in the
4iical SchaeU, recommending the cen-
)|e to the Senatus for the Degree of

As only ten can Graduate in each yaar,
candidates are selected whose service and
certificates seeia, to the Medical Faculty,
to present the highest professional claims,
but where these seem equal, preference
h given to piiority of application and to
age.

HI. — Candidates, when notified for
Eiamination, will remit a portion of the
Graduation Fee, vix. £10 10s. This anni
shall be forfeited should the Candidate fail
to appear, or to Gpaduate, at the time
appointed.

IV,— A sa^afactory Examinatii
and vied voce, must be passed in
ig depHitmeots :

1. Materia Medica and General TU(

2. Medical Jarisprndence.

3. Practice of Medicine and Pathology.

4. Surgery.

5. Midwitery and Diseases of Women
and Children.

The following ore the regulations of
e various Medical CoUeges and Halla in

the United Kingdom, arranged in alpha*

betical order of towns :

DUBLIN

I.— KlKO ANB QTEBN'S CaLLBSE OP

PHrsiOIASB IK laStAND

BBaCLATIONS EBlAtlTB TO THR

FBLLOWBfilF

Licentiates in Medicine of theCollt„,
of five years* standing are eligibly for eleo-
the Fellowehip,eicept Uie candidate
holds a Degree in Arts of name Uuiveruty
in the United Kingdom, in which case the
interval shall bethree years ; or shall hare
RegiBtered Practitioner for seven
years, in which case the term of Licen-
tiateahip is rodncad to one year; baton
and after January Ist, 1691, no person shall
be proposed as a Fellow unless he shall
have been a Member of tlie College OM
year. 1'hc Candidate must be propoaect
and seconded at the January or July
■ _ "' the College. Elections tot
the Fellowship, which are by ballot (a ma-
jority of votes determining the queaUonJ,
' " ■ ' year, viz. on the Gist

Friday in April and on St, Luke's day.

O THH

1

men^^l

1 of

J

ciuiB in Ireland ia diatiiict from that oE
the Fellans of tbe College, and the Mem-
bers, as sncli, are not Membera of the Body
Corporate of the PrcBldoiit nud Fellows of
the King uad Quaeii'a College of Phyai-.
cuia» in Ireland. II.— The Members of
the College alone are eligible to the Pel-
iDwahip. Thej eball huvo the use of the
Geadiug Booms, Library; and Museuma,
Babject to tbe regnlations relating tbereto,
sod aball be admitted to all Lcctvires, and
ahall enjoy snub fortber privileges ss may
from time to time he di^fined by tbe iSje-
Uwg. III.— All persons who hove been
admitted Licentiatoa of the CoIleg:e before
December 12th, IS78, shall be entitled to
be admitted Uembeii of the College with-
ont payment or Examination, on giving aii
weaka' notice, in writing, to tbe Registrar,
of their intention to avail themaelvea of
the privilege conferred by tbe Supple-
mental Charter, and on complying with all
or any other prescribed conditions, pro-
vided tbat they have, siDfie their ndmiaaion
as Liceolittleg, obeyed the Bye-laws of the
College. IV. — Every candidate for tbe
Membeiship of the College mnst be a Licen-
tiate of this College for three years at
least, computed from tbe day on which he
aball have subscribed his name on admis-
sion ns a Licentiate; or a Licentiate of one
year's staudjug, and a Oradunte of Arts
of a. Unireraity in tbe United Kingdom;
or a Licentiflte of one year's standing, sad
■i Begiatered Practitianer of eeveu years'
V itanding. V. — tlvery candidate for Mem-
benbip sball fiimisb proof (hat be bas
attuned the age of twenty-five years.
VL — Every candidate abuli produae a too*
timoniol from a Fellow or Member of tbe
College, or from a Fellow of the Royal
College of Physicians of London or of
Edinburgh, satisfactory to the College, to
tlis eflect that, aa regarda moral
xacter and professional condnct, hi

i» admitted to Eiaraination who is engaged
ia trade, or who, directly or indirectly,
Tsnds Medicines or Drugs, or who practises
Uediciae or Surgery in purtuerihip, by
d«ed or otherwise, so long as thnt parlner-
■htp continaes. VIll. — Every candidate
for Einmintttion shall produce evidence of
having attended Coureea of praotital in
•Imction in Ophlbalmologyand Histology .
he ihall also produce evidence that he has
lldd, daring at least six months, the office
of Betident Physician or Itesident Hedlcul
pQiul, or baa acted for the same period
CUnlnl Clei'k in the Medical Wards of

Uoflpital recognised by the Callage, or tlint
he bos been in Medic d charge, fur at leiut
twelve months, of any pablic institutioa
for tbe Irentment of the sictt. tX- — Every
candidHte, before, being admitted a Mem-
ber of the College, shall subscribe the fol-
lowing declaration in the presence of tbe
President and Fellows ; — " 1 do hereby
solciimly and aiucerely promiae that I will
observe and obey the Sutntes, Bye-laws,
and Regulations of this College, relating
Members, and will aubiiiit to such penal-
s as may be lawfully imposed for any
neglect or infringement ol them. I fur-
ther promise and declare that I will, to the
best of my ubiUty, do all tilings in tbe
practice of my profession for the honour
of the Collie and the good of tbe

Stated EiaminntioDS for tbe Member-
ship of the College are held quarterly, in
tbe montba of January, April, July, and
October. Every candidate for the Mem-
bership must return his name to the Re-
gistrar of the College, and lodge with him
his certificates. Bank receipt uf Fees, and
his Schedule, ut leaatyour days before the
FlBST Fbihax in each of the above-named
mouths. Should the evidence produced by
tbe candidate be in accordance with tbe
liye-lnws of tbe College, the candidate will
be permitted to present bimself at the en-
suing Examination. Every candidate for
Examination will be required to translate
into English a passage from a Latin au-
thor, or to show that he poaseasas a know-
ledge of Qreek, or French, or Qerman,
He will also be required to pass a Pro-
fesaional Examination iu the following
subjects : — Pathology i Medical Ana-
tomy ; Histology ; Medical Chemifltry i
Principles of Public Health, including
Climatology and Meteorology! Psycho-
logy; Forensic Medicine; uud Clinical
Medicine.

CONlllTIONS DBIIBB WHICH CiBBIDArEe
wAo Kara admitted Licenliatet of the Col-
Uge btfore December 12th, 187!), mat b:

ADUITTED MxUBEBa OF TUB CoLLEOB.—

1. They shall comply with Bye-Uwa IV
V, VI, and VII- 2. They shall alsosatiafy
the College tbat they have, since their ad-
mission as Licentiate!,, obeyed the Bye-
laws at the College. 3. Should the College
be satisfied that they have complied with
tbe above regulations, they shall be ad-
mitted Jlcmbcrs without Pee or Examina-
tion, on taking tbe declaration required of
Members, 4, They aball give notic

ao

MEDICAL EDUCATION AKD PBiCTICE

writing, to the Rpgialrnr o( their intention
to Bvuil tbcmBolvcs of ttia privilege con-
ferred on them b; the Supplemenlnl
Charter. Shoatd tlie candidate wish to
obtain the parchment Diploms of Member
he Bball pay One tiuinea.

TO TBI LICEHOB

I

H^ olud

EiKminationa for the Licence Id Medi-
cine are atatedlj held In the week rallon-
ing the Aral Frida; in each month (except
Angast and September) commencing oo
Monday at 10 o'clocli a.m.

The nnrao of every candidate, together
vith hi a Schedole and the doc amenta
hereafter mentioned, must firat be aub-
mittod to the College at one of ita Meet-
ings. Theae are held regularly on the flnt
Friday in each month (except Anguat and
September), and no name can he received
Utsi' than the Monday previons to snch
meeting. If permiaaion to be ciBtnined i>
granted, the candidate may present himself
■tthe next Examination, or at a aiibii;qaont
one; in the 1ati«r caae, howcTur, he must
intimate hia intention four clear day a before
the Examination.

A candidate who hait not, previomt to
entering hia name, obtained any of ilio
Medical or Sorgicat Qualifl cations recog-
oised hy the College, moat produce — 1.
Evidence of having been engaged in the
Btudy of Medicine for four ycora. 2. A
cerliBcate of having passed the prelimi-
nary Examination of one of tbe recognised
Licenaing Corporation] before the termina-
tion of the second ye»r of Medical study.
3. CertiScatei of having atndied at a
■choot or scboola recognised by tbe College
the following aubjects, viz. ; PcBctieal
AnaComy, two Conrses; AnaUiniy and Phy-
siology, or Institutes of Medicine i Che-
mistry; Practical Chemiatry; Materia
Medica; Practice of Medicine aqd Path-
ology; Surgery i Midwifery; Medical J i
rispmdence : one Course each, i, Certi<
cates of having attended for ttventy-Eov(
months a recogniaed Medico-Cbirnrgical
Hospital, in which Clinienl Locturea -"'
Clinical Instruction in Medicine are g
tbe attendance not to be for more
niacmontlu in any one year, viz. six w
and three summer months j and of having
been in attendance during at least niu(
months on a Clinical Uonpital which con-
warda for the treatment of thelnfeC'
Fevers, said nine months being' in-
cluded in the total period of twcnly-aovcr
months. - g. Certificates of having attended
~r»ctieal Midwifery and Diseases of Wo-

men for aix months nt a Lying-in HoipitRl
or. Mnteruity recognised by the Collie j
or, where such Hospital attendance eaiuiat
have been obtained during an; period of
the student's conne of study, <a having
been engaged ■□ Practical Midwifery under
the supervision of a Kegistered Practi-
tioner holding public appointments; the
certificate, in either cose, to state tlut no
less than twenty labour cases have been
actually attended. S. Certificates of cha-
racter from a Fellow of tbe College,
or from two registered Phyaicians or
Surgeons.

A candidate who line already obtained a
Medical or Snrgical Qualification recog-
niaed by the College, is required to fill ap
a Schedule which will be supplied on ap-
plication, and to lodge it iQ the same
moaner as a candidate not previotisif
qualified; bat the only docaments he is
rei]aired to produce are his Diploma or
certificate of Regiitratioa, certificatei of
Practical Midwifery, and of attendance on
iDfectioas Ft-vera, and teatiihouials as M
character. m

EXAMlirtTtDH ton IBB LIOSHOS VI fl

The Examination conaista of two partcifl
the subjects of the first part, or prevloni
Examination, ace : Anatomy; PbysioJogy;
Materia Medica ; Cijemiatry. The sabjeeta
oF the second part, or final Examination,
are; Practice of Medicine; Clinical Medi-
cine; Pathology I MedicalJurispmdenoe ;
Midwifery ; Hygiene and Therapeutics.
The Examination ii conducted, first, hy
printed queations, to be answered in
writing; aecondly. clinically; and, tbirdly,

t>ivd t>0C9.

Candidates far the Second or Final Exa-
mination are examined in the Practice of
Medicine at tbe bedaitle in one of tbe Dublin
Hospitnls. The name of the Hospital
seluctoJ "ill not be declared to the candi-
dates until half an hour previous to the
time of Examination.

CandidatcB qualified as follows are re-
quired to undergo the seeoHd part of the
Professional Examination only, vii. : —
I. Graduates in Medicine of a Univeraity
in the United Kingdom, or of any foreign
University approved by the Collie. 3.
Fellows, Members, or Licentiates of the
Ro^al College of Fhysiciana of Lofidon or
Edinburgh, who have been admitted upon
Examination. S. Graduatea or Licentiates
in Surgery. 4. Candidates who, having
completed tlie Cnrriculum as required by
the regulations, have passed the previous

Eiftmintttion of aaj of the liceuBiiig corpo-
rations in the UnitHil Kingdom.

Ciiiiiliddtea wlio are Phyaiciana or Sur-
geons of five years' etanding, are further
esempted from the Clinical a.nd writtan
poitiouB of the Final EiaminittioD.

Before the Licenuo iu Medicine ia con-
ferred on a Buccesaful candidate he is re-
paired to malie tbe following deckru-

( KEQITIBED OF CASMDATM

" I do herehy solemnlj and siacerelj pro-
mise that I will observe the Statates and
Bya-lawa of this College, and to my power
' endeavonr that the hononr of the College
be preaerved eutiro j and ju all things that
belong to the honoor or profit thereof, 1
shall ho ready to give mj advice and as-
sistance.

" 1 hereby authorise the Presideut and
Fellows of the KingandQoeen'a College of

Phyaiciana in Ireland to erase my

from the list of Licentiates, and I c
to surrender the Diploma received from tlio
College if I shall, after having obtained the
lioenCB of the said CoUuge, teep open shop
tot the sale of medicines.

" I engage not to endeavour to ohtaiu
practice, or to attract poblic notice, by any
unworthy means ; I also engage that I will
neither permit nor aanction the uae uf loy
name by any other peraon for sncb pur-
posBB, nor in connection with any aecret
remedy ; and in case of any doubt relative
to the true meaning or application of this
engagement, I promke to submit to tbc
judgment of the College.

"And 1 solemnly and sincerely declare,
that should 1 violate any of the conditiona
specified in this declaration, so long aa I
shall be cither a Licentiate or Fellow of tlie
College, 1 thereby rendermysalf liable, and
shall aubmit, to tlie censure of tbo College,
or to eipulaion and snrrendering of the
Diploma, whichever the Prraident and
Fellowa of the College aball think proper
to inflict."

Fee for the Licence in Medicii
£15 IEb-j Membership, £21; Fellowah
£60, including Stomp-dnty.

The Admission Fee, with the except!
of £3 3s. deducted to meet the eipenae oi
the Examination, may be returned to any
candidate who may be rejected for the
Licence in Medicine.

II.— KOTAL COLtBOB OP SCBfiEONB

Begiatration of Pupils.— Every person
wqnijring to ho registered as a pupil on the

CoUege books sliall, if the Council think fit,
be so registered, if be shall liave laid before
the Council a receipt showing that he has
lodged to the credit of the President, and
for the use of ths College, iu the Bank of
Irehind, a registry Fee of Five Guineas.

(itiaUjKalioat o/ Candidate! for Lelleri
Teitiiaonial or Licence. — Candidates for the
LettiTS Testimonial of the College may pre-
.ent tbems^ves either at a special, or at a
itated Examination, aa follows:

Special Examinalioia. — Every regis-
tered pupil shall he admitted, upon pay-
ment of a special Fee of Five Qoineas, to a
apeclnl Examiaation for Letters Teatimo-
nial, if ha shall have laid before the Conn-
cil the following documents: — (a) A
^ipt shDwiog that he baa lodged, in ad-
on to his registration and special Fees, a
I of Twenty Guineas in the Bank of Ice-
1, to- the credit of tbe President, and for
_ _ use of the CoUege. {b) A certiorate
thathe has paased a Preliminary Examina-
tion, conducted by a Board recognised hy
the General Medical Council, into the, Cur-
riculum of which the Greek language enteil
as a compulsory gnhject. (c) A certificate
showing that he haa been engaged in the
study of his profession for not less than four
years, (d) Cectificntes of attendance during
three years on an Hospital recognised by
the Council where Clinical instruction ia
given, (e) Certificates of attendance on
three Courses of Lectureaou AnatoiDy and
Physiology, three Courses of Lectures on the
Theovy and Practice of Surgery, and of the
performance of tbreeCoarsesof Dlssectious,
accompanied hy demonstrations ; bIso cer-
tificates of ntteodanco on two Courses of
Lecturea on Chemistry, or one Course of
Leclurea on Geueral, and oue on Practical
Chemisti-y, one Course of Lectures on Mate-
ria Mcdica, one Couree of Lectures on the
Praiticc of Medicine, one Course of Lectures
on Midwifery, one Course, of Lectures o|i
Medical .ioriaprudence, and one Course of
Lectures on Botany.

N.B. — The subjects for Examination,
and the mode of carrying these out, for a
special Examiuation, will he the same as
those hereinafter laid down for tbe stated
Examinations, and any rejected candidate
will only he entitled to receive hack Fifteen
Guineas of the Fees lodged by him.

Staled Examinatioiu. — 1st. Stated Eia-
minations shall he held in the months of
April, July, and November, commencing on
dates of which duo notice shall be given
beforehand by the Council of the College,
and to which candidatea cannot he admitted
unless they be registered pupils, and at

I

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PBACTICE

Colleges of the Quoao's University tn
the Courses marked idth an asterisk,
also Lectares do ona Modern Langnage,
and Leetures on Elxperlmentul Phjaica. i,
Certificatts tliat he hns completed all
other prescribed Courses.

Degrees in Surgery and Diplomfl? in
Midwifery are couferriMl ouly oti candi-
dates who hold the Degree of Doctor in
Medicine of the University.

The Examination for the Degree of
M.D. coinpriaea the Bubjecta recommeuded
for etiidj during; the Second Period of
Medical Education.

Tho ExamiiiatioD for the Degree of
M. Ch. comprises an Eiamination in the
Theory and Piactico of Surgery, including
Operative abd Clinical Snrgery.

The Eiamluation for the Diploma
Midwifery comprises an EiaminatioD
the Theoryand Practice of Midwifery, and
the use of Obstetrical Inatrumenti and
appliances.

ST ANDREWS, EsxiBLiaHBD 1413

atn-
coadH

<, 181)4

I.— The Degree of Doctor of Medicine
may be conferred by the University of HI,
A-Hdremi- on any registered Medical Pmc-
titiuner above the age of forty yeara,
whose professional posiljoa and etptiriencfl
are such as, in the egtimation of the Uhi-
versity, to entitle, him to tliat Degree, and
who shall, on Examination, satisfy the Me-
dical Examiners of the sufficiency of his
professional knowledge ; provided always
that Degrees shall not be conferred under
this Section on a greater number than
ten in any oae year.

II. — Any person presenting himself as a
candidate for the Degree of Doctor of
Medicine under the first si^ction, without
having previously obtiuned the Degree of
Bachelor of Medicine, shall, on so present-
ing himself, pay a Fee of -Fifty Uuineas,
inclusive of the Stamp duty,

III. — The Degrees in Medicine to be
hereafter granted by the University of St
■ " ■ divided into Three

Sflchelor of Medicine (M.B.), Master in
Surgery (CM.), and Doctor in Medicine
(M.D.).

IV. — The preliminary branches of ex-
tra •professional Education in tbe case of
(candidates for the Degrees of Baclielcr of
Medicine and Master in Surgery, shall be
> Englieh, Latin, AritbrnctiCg the Elements

of Mutbematics, and the Elementa of
Mechanical and the proficiency of atn-
dents in theie branches shall be
taiaed by Examination prior to tl
nien cement of their Medical study.

V. — No CHudidate shall be admitted
B professional Eiaminatiou for either of''
tbe last- mentioned Degrees wbo has not
passed a satisfactory Examination on at
least two of the following subjects, in
addition to the subjects mentioned above ;
— Qpcek, French, Oennan, Higher Mathe-
matics, Natural PliiloBophj, Natural His-
lory. Logic, Moral PhiJoBOiihy ; and tbe
Examination on these Subjects also Eball
take place before the candidate has
tored on his Medical Curricnlnm.

VI, — A Degree in Arts (not being
Honorary Degree) of any of the Unii
sitiee of SeotUiitd or of Snytalid or ,
land, and also a Degree in Arts of
any Colonial or Foreign University, which
may for this parpoee have been specially
recognised by tho University Court, shall
exempt candidates from all preliminary
Examination.

VU.— No one shall tie admitted to the
Degree of Bachelor of Medicine or Master
in Surgery wbo has not been engaged in
Medici and Surgical Study for four
years — the Medical Session of each year,
Anmu Medicui, being constituted by
least two Courses of not Ibsb than one
hundred- Lectures each, or by one such
Course, and two Courses of not less than
Hfty Loctares eucbj but, in the case of
Clinical Cogrses, it shall be sufficient that
given at least twice a
ireacril

. candid .

grees of Bachelor of Medicioe and Mait^B
in Surgery shall give sufficient evidene^V
by certificates :

(1) That he has studied each of the fol-
lowing departments 'of Medical Science,
Anatomy, Chumiatry, Materio Me-
nd Pharmacy, Institutes of Medi-
r Physiology, Practice of Medicine,
Surgery, Midwifery, and tho Diseaset
peculiai' to Women and Children ; two
Courses of Midwifery, of. three months
each, being reckoned equivalent to a six
mouths' Course, provided different de-
partments of Obstetric Medicine be taugbC 1
each of tbe Courses. Qeueral I^thologj, I
or, in Schools where there is no so^'f
Coorae, B three months' Course of LmI<J
tures on Morbid Anatomy, together with k. J
supplemental Course of Practice of MedUl
cine, or Clinical Medicine : During Connwl
including not less fhqn pne liundriMl I<~ ''

ft'

i

Pl^tii^ Anatomy, aii mocths. —
Practical Chamietry, three raontba. —
Practical Midwifery, three months at a
midwifery HoBpitHl, or a Certlficitte of
Attendance □□ Six Cagea from a Regis-
tered Medical Practitioner. — Clinical Medi-
cine, and Cliaicnl Surgery, during ConrsBS
of six montliB, or two Couraea of three
monthe; Iiectnres being given nt least
twice a week. — Medical Jurisprudence,
BoUay, Zooli^y, with Comparative Ana-
tomy, during Courses including not less
than fifty Lecture a.

(2) TImt he has attended for at least
two years the Medical and Surgical Prac-
tice of a Qeneral Hospital, which accom-
nodales not fewer than eighty patients.
and poaaesees a distinct EtaS of Plijsicians
and Surgeons.

(3] That he baa been engaged for at
least three months, by apprentieeahip, or
otlierwise, in Compounding -and Dispens-
ing Drugs at the Lahoratory of an Hos-
pital, Diaponsary, Member of a Surgical
College or Faculty, of a Licentiate of the
London or Dablin Society of Apothecaries,
ot of a Member of the Pljatmaceutieal
S ociety of Oreai Britam,

{4) That ha baa attended for at least sis
montha, by apprenticeship or otherwise,
the Outpractice of an Hospital, or the
Practice of a Dispensary, or of a Pbysi-
' in, Sorgeon, or Member of the London
Ihiblin Society of Apotliecaries.

IX. — No one shall be received as a can-
tpr the Degree of Bachelor of Medi-
ir Master in Surgery, onless two
jrears at least of his four yegrs of Medical
and Surgical Study, as above defined, shall
liave been in ooe or more of the follo.wing
UnivarBities aod Colleges, vii. ; — The Uni-
versity of SI Andrenaj the University ol'
OUui/ow! the University of Aberdee»i the
XjDiversity of £di'niH)-^A,- the Univeraity
of Oxford ; the University of Cambridge i
THnilff CoUegt. Dvblin ; Qaaen's College,
Belftul; Queen't College, Cork i am'
(JuBen'i College, GaltBag.

X. — Every candidate for the Degrees o.
Bachelor of Medicine and Muster in Snr
gery shall, at snch pei-iod of the Year ii

tff hicb he proposes to Graduate, aa ma;
fixed for the purpose 'by the •Senatus
idemicns, lodge with tlie Senatns.

1. A deelaration, in hia own hand-
iting, th&t, on the day of Oradnation,

will have completed hia twenty-first
year, and will not be under articles of
apprenticeship.

2. A Btntement of his studies, as well
Litentnre and Philosophy aa io Medi'

cine, accompanied with proper certifl-

3, An inaugural Dissertatioo, composed
by himself , to be approved by the Senatus
Academicns.

XI. — Every candidate for the Degrees of
Bachelor of Medicine and Master in Sur-
gery shall ha eiamined both in writing
and vivd voce, — Firtt, on Chemistry,
Botany, Elementary Anatomy, and Materia
Modica; SecomlZy, on advanced Anatomy,
Zoology, with Comparativo Anatomy, Phy-
siology, and Surgery ; and TAirdlg, on
Practice of Medicine, Cliaieal Medicine,
Clinical Surgery, Midwifery, General Pa-
thology, and Medical Jurisprudence.

Xll. — Stndenta, who profess themaelrei
ready to submit to an Eiamination on the
First Division of these snt^ect^ at the
end of the second year of their Course,
may be admitted to Examination at that

XIJI. — Students, who have passed their
Eiamination on the First Division of these
subjects, may he admitted to Examination
on the Second Division at the end of tbe
third year of their Coarse.

XIY.— Tbe Examination on the Third
Division shall not take place until the
candidate has completed the fourth year
of his Course.

XV.— Candidates may be admitted to
Eiamination on the first two of these
Divisions at the end of their third year ;
or to the three Examinations at the end
of their fourth year.

XVI.— If any candidate, on Eiamina-
tion, be found unqualified, be shall not
be again admitted to Eiamination, un-
less he shall have completed another
year of Medical study, dc snch portion
of another year n» may be prescribed
by the Examiners when he is found un-
qualified.

XVII.— The Degree of Master in Sur-
gery shall not be conferred on any person
who does not at the same time obtain the
Degree of liachclnr of Medicine.

XVI'II.— The Degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine muy bo conferred on any candidate
who has obtained the Degree of Bachelor
of Medicine, and is of the age of twenty-
fQur years, and has been engaged, subsa-
i^uently to his having obtained the Degres
of Bachelor of Medicine, for at least twi
\ ears in attendance on an Hospital, or ii
the MiUtary or Naval Medical Service, oi
in Medical and Surgical Practice; pro
vided always that, subject to the pro-
vbions of the First Sectiuii, thi: Deypte of
. Doctof of Medicine shall not be conferred

MEDICAL EDUCATION ASD PEACTICE

on any perion unless he be a Graduate
Arts, or nnloss he ihnll, before, or at t
time of his obtaiaiag the Degree of
Bichelor of Medicine, or within three
years thereafter, have passed a eatiafac.
tor; Eiamination in Greek, and in Logic
or Moral Philosophy, and in ooe, at least,
of the foUowiog subjects, namely, French,
GermaD, Higher MsthematicB, Nataral
Philosophy, and Natural History.

XIX. — Except under the provisi
the First Sectiou, the Degree of Doctor of
Medicine shall not be conferred on any
person who has not previously obtained
the Degree of Bachelor of Medicine.

XX. —There shall be paid by cuch
didate for the Degree of Bachelor of
Medicine, a Fee of Five Onineas in
spect of each of the Three Divisiona
tbe Examination on professional sutyi
specified In the Eleventh Section of this
Ordinance ; each such Fee o{ Five Quineas
b^ing payable at the -time at which the
candidate comes forward to be oiaoiiuiul
in that Division in respect of which it is
payable ; and, if the Candidate desire to
be admitted to the Degree of Bachelor of
Medicine only, ho shall u '

1 by him ; bntg if he desire to be
admitted to the Degree of Master in Sur-
gery also, he shall, on being admitted to
such Degree, pay a further Fee ol' Five
Guineas : and every candidate for thu
Degree of Doctor of Medicine, who Iws
previously obtained the Degree of Bachelor
of Medicine, shall pay, in addition to the
Fees paid hy him as a candidate for the
Degree of Bachelor of Medicine, a Fee of
Five GnineaSi exclusive of any Stamp-duty
nhich may for the time be eiigiblt

SBGCLAXIOHS AB

TIlIOHBEa ABOTE TUB itiE OF BOBT

The EKamioations are held in the PK.
TEBBlTY LiBBiUY, aimually, in April.
The Graduation Fee is Fifty Guineas.
Canilidutoa must lodge with the Dean of
the Medical Faculty the following cer-
tlQcates, along with application for admis-

I. — A certificate of Age, being a bap-
tiamal certiflcate, or an affidavit of age.
n. — Holograph certificates from at
iMt three Medical men, of acknowledged
fintatlon ia the profession, or in the
tdical Schools, recommending the can-
Ilite to the Seuatus for the Degree of

M.D., and tcstilyiD^ to his FroffStiiont
Foiition and Still.

Aa only ten can Graduate in each year^
cundidatcB ate selected whose aervica and
ccrtifleatos seem, to the Medical Faculty,
to present the highest professional chiimB,
hut where these seera equal, preference
Is given to priority of applici "■ ' '

age.

.III. — Candidates, when notified
Eiamination, will remit a portion of •
Graduation Fee, viz. £10 10s. This ania
shall be forfeited should the Candidate fail
to appear, or to Giadnate, at the time
appointed.

IV. — A satlafnctory Examination, written
and vied voce, must be passed in the follom ^
ing departments ;

1. Materia Mcdica and General Thar
puuticB,

2. Medical Jurisprudence.

5. Practice of Medicine and Pathology.
4. Surgery.

6. Midwifery and Diseases of Women
and Children. .

The following are the regolationa of
e various Medical Calleges and Hall* in

the United Kingdom, arranged in alphv

betical order of towns :

Id to^H

f tihB^I

DUBLIN
—Kino and Qcben'b Coij.kqb or

Phtbicians is laBI^ND

BBOULAIIONB tiSLATIVE
FELLOWSHIP

Licentiates in Medicine of the Collt
' five years' standing are eligibly for el__
in to the Fellowship, except the oandidats
holds a Degree in Arts of some University
in the United Kingdom, in which case the
interval shall he-three years; or shall have
been a Regiatcred Practitioner for seven
, in which case the term of Lioen-
ihip ia rednced to one jearj but
and after January Ist, 18Sl,no person shall
he proposed aa a Fellow uul^ he shall
have been a Member of the College ona,
ar. The Candidate must be propotMl
id aeconded at the January or July'
eetinga ol' the College. Electiona tof,
the Fellowship, which are by ballot (a ma-
jority of votes determining the question),
are held twice a year, viz. on the first
Friday in April and on St. Luke's day.

I

ifiJH

i1b«-^^

1

i

1

ciaos in Ireland is distiuet from that of
the Fcllowe of the College, aud the Mbid-
bertl, SB sach, are not Members nf the Body
Corporate of the President aud Fellows ctt
the Kin^ and Queen's College of Physi-.
ciana in Irekud. II.— The Members of
the College alone are eHglble to the Fel-
lowah[p. They ehnll have the aso of the
Reading Booms, Library, itaH Mneeums,
subject to the regulntione relating tberetji,
and shall be admitted to all Leotiires, and
■hail enjoy such tHirther privilogea na may
from time to time be defined by the Bye-
lawB. III. — Ali persona who have betn
admitted Licentiates of the College before
December 12th, 1878, shall he entitled to
be admitted Members of tbe College with-
out payment or Exam J nation, on giving «x
weeks' notice, in writing, to the Registrar,
of thoir intention to avail tbemBolves of
the privilege conferred by the Supple-
mental Charter, and on complying witb nil
or any otber prescribed conditions, pro-
vided that tbey have, since tlicir admiesiun
as Licentiates, obeyed the Bye-laws of the
College. IV. — Every candidate for the
Membership of tlie CotiegemaEt be a Licen-
tiate of this College for tliree years at
least, computed from tbo day on which he
Bhall have snbicrihed his name on admis-
aion as a Licentiate; or a Licentiate ofone
year's standing, and a Graduate of Arts
of a University in the United Kingdom;
or a Licentiate of one year's standing, and
a Registered Practitioner of seven years'
\ standing. V. — Every candidate for Mem-
bership shall farnisli proof (bat bo has
attained the age of twenty-Sve years.
VL — Every candidate shall produce a tes-
timonial from a Fellow or Membar of the
College, or from a Fellow of the Royal
College of Physicians of London or of
Edinbnrgb, satiafactcry to the College, to
the elTect tbat, as regards moral cha-
racter Hull professional conduct, be is a lit
and proper person to be admitted a Member
of the College. VII.— No candidate shall
he ndmittod to Examination who is engaged
in trade, or who, directly or indirectly,
vends Medicines or Drugs, or who practises
Medicine or Surgery in partnership, by
deed or otherwise, so long as tbat partner-
ship continnes. VIII, — Every candidate
for Eiamination ahnll produce evidence of
having attended Courses of practical in-
■tmction in Ophthalmology and Histology ;
be ahall also produce evidence that he has
held, during at least aii oiontba, the office
of Resident Physician or Resident Medical
Pnpil, DC lias acted for the same period as
Clinical Clerk in the Medical Wards of

Hospital recognised bytbe College, or that
be has been in Medic il charge, ^r at least
twelve months, of any poblic institation
for the trentmentof the sick. IX. — Every
candidate, before being admitted a Mem-
ber of the College, shall subscribe the fol-
lowing declaration in the presence of the
Pjesident and Fellows: — "1 do hereby
soleuinly and sincerely promise that I will,
observe and obey the Statutes, Bye-laws,*
and Regulations of tbis College, relating
Members, and will subniit to such peni'il-
s as may he lawfully imposed for any
uegloot or infringement ot tlieiu. I fur-
therpromise and declare that I will, to the
heat of my ability, do all things in the
practice of my profeasiou for the bouour
of the College and tbc good of the

Stated Eiaminations for the Member-
ship of the College are held quarterly, in
the months of January, April, July, and
October. Every candidate for the Mem-
berahip must ri;tnrn his name to the Re-
gistrar of tbe College, aud lodge with him
his certificates. Bank receipt of Fees, and
bis Schedule, at least^our days before the
FiBST Fbidat in each of the above-named
mouths. Should the evidence prodnced by
the candidate be in accordance with the
Bye-lawB of tbe College, tlie candidate will
he permitted to present himself at tbe en-
suing Examination. Every candidate for
Examination will be required to translate
into English a passage from a Latin au-
thor, or to show that he possesses a know-
ledge of Greek, or French, or German,
He will also be required to pass a Pro-
fessional Examination in the followuig
subjects: — Pathology; Medical Ana-
tomy ; Hist^llogy ; Medical Chemistry ;
Principles of Public Health, Including
Climatology and Meteorology; Psycho-
logy; Forensic Medicinci and Clinical
ML-dicine.

CONDiTIONS TTBDBE WHICH CASPEDiTSa

who viere admitted Licentiatet of the Col-
lege before Decerubcr I2th, 1878. MAY BB
ASIiEItTED MBUBBBB OS IHE CuLUOE. —

1. They shall comply with Bye-laws IV,
V, VT, and VII. 2, They shall also satisfy
the College that they have, since their ad-
mission as Licentiate;,, obeyed tbe Bye-
laws of the College. 3. Should (be College
be satisfied that they have complied with
tbe above regulations, they abal! he a '
mitted Members without Fee or Examin
tion, on taking the declaration required of
Members. 4. They sliall give notioe, i

MEDICAL EDUCATION AKD PBACTICB

on an; perBoa nnUsa Le bo n Qraduate in
Aria, or unltaa he shall, before, or at tin:
time of liis obctiintiig thu Degree oi
' Bachelor of Meiliciue, or witbiu tbret
jeora thereafter, have passed a Batlifac-
tor; Examination In Oreelc, and in Logic
or Moral Fbiloaopby, and in one, at least,
of tlie following aubjecti, namolj, Frenab,
Oarman, Higher Mathenmtics, Natnial
Pbilowph;, and Natural HUtorj.

XIX. — Except under the provisiong o(
the First Section, the Degree of Doctor ol
Medicine aball not he conferred on nuj
peisaa who haa not previoual; obtained
the Degree of Bncheior of Medicine.

XX. — There ahall be paid by eHcb
didate for the Degree of Bachelor of
Medicine, a Fee of Five OuinoHS in re-
Hpert of each of the Three Diyiaota" of
tie Examiontjon on proCaBBiouul subjacCii
specified in the Eleventh Section of this
Ordinance ; each anch Fee of Five Guineas
b^ing payable at tbe "time at wbicb the
candidate comes fornard to be examined
in thnt Division in reiipect of which it ii
payable ; and, if tbe Candidate deaite t(
be admitted to tbe Degree of Bachelor of
Medicine only, he shall not, on admission
thereto, be required to pa; any further
Fee in addition to tbe Fifteen Onineas so
paid by him ; but, if he desire Co be
admitted to tbe Degree of Master in Sur-
gery also, be ahall, on being admitted to
anch Degree, pay a further Fee of Five
Ouineae : and every candidate for tho
Degree of Doctor of Medicine, who lioi
previoiuly obtained tbe Degree of Bachelor
of Medicine, ahall pay, in addition to the
Fees paid by him as a candidate for the
Degree of Bachelor of Medicine, a Fee of
Five GnineiLs, exclusive of any Slamp-duty
which may for the time hi

BBGDIATIOKS A 8 BBO-ABDi
TIOS or BEOISTEilED

The Eiaminationa are held ia the Uni
TEBBlli LiBBAMY, ftunually, in April.
The Graduation Fee is Tiiij Gnineos.
Candidates must lodge with the Dean of
the Medical Faculty the following cer-
tificaLKS, along with application for admia-

I.— A certificate of Age, being a hap-
tismal certiScate, or an affidavit of age.

IL — Holograph certificates from at

least three Medical men, of acknowledged

reputation in tbe profession, or in the

Medical Schools, recommending the can-

I didate to the Senatus for tbe Degree of

Aa only ten can Glraduate in each yaar,
eandidatea are selected whose service and
certificates seem, to the Medical Faculty,
to present the highest professional clainu,
bnt whore these seem equal, preference
h given to priority of application and to
age.

III. — Candidates, when notified tot
Examination, will remit a portion of the
Graduation Fee, viz. £10 10a. Thia aniii
shall be forfeited should the Candidate fail
to appear, or to Graduate, at the time
appointed.

I v.— A satisfactory Examination, wi ■
and pM vone, most be passed in the fo
ing departments:

1. Materia Medioa and General Then
peuties.

2. Medical Jnrlspmdence.

3. Practice of Medicine and Pathology,'!
' Sargcry.

The fuUowing are the regnlationi i.
the various Medical Colleges and Halls ll
the Uoited Kingdom, arranged in alpha
bctical order of towns :

DUBLIN

I, — KlSQ AND QUBBS'8 COLLHQB Og '
pHTaiClAHfl IS Ibkland

H HKIATrVB TO TH

Licentiates in Medicine of tho College
of live yeara' standing are eligibly for elec-
tion to the Fellowship, except the oandidate
holds a Degree in Arts of some DnivOMitj
in the United Kingdom, in which case tbe
interval shall he three years; or shall have
been a Registered Practitioner for teve
years, in which case tbe term of Licei
tiateship is reduced to one year j bnt
and alter January 1st, 1S81, no person sha^
he proposed as a Fellow unless he sbiH
have been a Member of the College one
your. The Candiilarte must he proposed
and secoaded at the January or Jnly
meetings of the College. Elections for
the FeUowahip, which are by ballot (a ma-
jority of votes determining the qnestion),
are held twice a yeor, viz. on the first
Friday iu April and on St. Luke's day.

citmB ID Ireland ia distiuct from that of
tliQ Fellawa of the College, and the Meni'
bere, UB ancli, are iiotMamberaof thaBody
Corporate of tha Preaideut and tTelloH's of
the King and Queen's College of Phyai-
ciauB iu Ireland. II.— The Members of
the College alone are eligible to the Fel-
lowsliip. They ahall have the use of the
Reading Booms, Library; nnd Mueeutua,
Bobject to the roguktiona relating thereto,
and shall be admitted to all Lectiiree, and
ahall enjoy auch further privileg<!a aa may
from time to time be detiiitd by the Bye-
lawa. III.— All persona who have been
admitted Licentiates of the ColUge before
December 12th, 1878, ahall be entitled to
be ftdmitted Members of the College with-
out paymeut or Examiuation, on g-ivingaix.
weeks' notice, in writing', to the Registrar,
of their intention to arail tbemselvcs of
the priWlege conferred by the Snpple-
menhil Charter, and on complying with all
or any other preneribed conditions, pro-
vided that they have, ainoe their admission
as Lii^ntiatea, obeyed the Bye-lnwa of the
College. IV. — Every candidate for the
Memherabip of the College most ben Licen-
tiate of this College for three years at
least, computed from the day on which he
shall have subscribed his name on admis-
sion as a Licentiate; or a Licentiate of one
year's standing, and a Graduate of Arts
of a University in the United Kingdom;
or a. Licentiste of one year's standing, anil
a Registered Practitioner of seven years'
\ standing. V. — Every candidate for Mem-
bership ahsll fdmiah proof ^bat he has
attained the age of twenty-Sve yesrs.
VL — Every candidate sbHll produce a tes-
timonial from a Fellow or Membiir of the
College, or from a Fellow of the Royal
College of Physicians of London or of
Edinburgh, satisfactory to the College, to
the ellect that, aa re^rds moral
racter and professional conduct, he
and proper person tn be admitted a Mi^mber
of the College. VII.— No candidate shaU
be admitted to Eiaminatiou who Is engaged
in trade, or who, directly or indirectly,
vends Medicines or Drags, orwhopracCiaes
Medicine or Surgery in partnership,
deed or otherwiae, so long as that parti
ship continues, VIII.— Every candidate
for Eiamination shall produce evidence of
having attended Conraes of practical in
stmctiou in Ophthalmology and Histology
be shall also produce evidence that he hai
held, during at leaat six months, the offii:i
of I^aident Physician or Resident Medical
Futul, or has acted for the same period
CUnical Clork in the Medical Wards of i

Hospital rocognised by the College, or tliat
be has been in Medic <1 chaise, liir at leaat
twelve months, of any public institntioa
for the troHtmentof the sick. IX. — Every
candidate, before being admitted a Mem-
ber of the College, shall subscribe the fol-
lowing declaration in the presence of the
President and Fellows: — "I do hereby
inly and sincerely promise that I will
IB and obey the Statutes, Bye-lawa,'
and Regulationa of this College, relating
to Members, and will sabuiit tosnch penal-
ties as may he lawfully imposed for any
neglect or infringement ot tliein. I fur-
therpromise and declare that I will, to the
best of my ability, do all things in the
practice of my profession for the honour
of the College and the good of the
public."

Stated Eiamioations for the Member-
abip of the College are held quarterly, in
tbe months of January, April, July, and
October. Every candidate for the Mem-
bership must return bis name to the Re- '
gistrar of the College, and lodge with him
his certi&cal«s, Baak receipt of Fees, and
hia Schedule, at lantjbur days before the
PiBBT FiuDir in each of the above-named
inonths. Should the evidence produced by
the candidate he in accordance with the
liye-laws of the College, tbe candidate will
be permitted to present himself at the en-
suing Examination. Every candidate for
Examination will be required to translate
into English a pasaage from a Latin au-
thor, or to show that he posaesaea a know-
ledge of Greek, or French, or German,
He will also be reqiured to posa a Pro-
fessional Examination in the following
subjects: — Pathology; Medical Ana-
tomy ; Histology ; Medical Chemistry ;
Principles of Public Health, including
Climatology and Meteorology; Psycho-
logy i Forensic Medicine ; and Clinical
Medicine.

COHDITIOHB UBBEB WHICH CANBIBAIKa

KiAo toere admiited Liceatiatei qf the Col-
Uge befora Decemher 12M, 1S7S, HAT BB
ADUIITED MBHSEHB OP TOB COLLEas. —
1. They shall comply with Bye-lawa JV,
V, VI, and VII, a. They shall also satisfy
the College that they have, since their ad-
mission OS Licentiates,, obeyed the Bye-
laws of the College. 3. Should the College
be satisfied that they have complied with
the above regulations, they ahall bo ad-
mitted Members without Fee or Examina-
tion, on taking the declaration required of
Members. 4. They ahatl give notice, in

MEDICAL EDtJCATlON AND PBACTICE

I
I

ProfeBiian&l E.iflmination, and slmll pa;
a Fee of £1.

6. Certificates of bnvuig paBBsd the
ExaminiLtioDB in Qeneral Edneation, con-
ducted b; certain Educational Bodies,
■hall exempt from tbe preliminary Eiami-
dbUoq in General EdQcatioD instituted bj'
the College.

FBOEEBSIONAL EXUtlKATIOXa TOB THE

I

1. Candidatea for the Diploma of the
College shall bo subjected to two PraEea-
sional Eiamiuatiouf, to be coudueted nt
separate aittingg, partly in writing and
partly orally.

2. OpporlQnitJea for both Eiamioationa
will be presented five times in each year.
On eacli of these occaiicna the candidates
shall nsiemhle to write anflwers to the quee-
tions proposed, and the oral EiBmiaations
■hall bo conducted on the days immediatel]'
succeeding.

3. Unsaccegsful candidates, either at the
first DT second Eiaminatian, will be remittul
to their stadics for a period to he deter-
mined by the judgment of the Examiners,
but not in any case less than three
months.

4. First .Eramiaofion. — The first Ex-
amination shall embrace Anatomy, Phy-
siology, and Chemistry, and shall take place
not sooner than the end of the second
Winter Session.

6. Caudidateswho desire to pass tTieSrat
Professional Examination must apply to the
Secretary at 20,MelvilIe Street, EdinhurKh,
on or before the Saturday preceding the
dny of Examination, and niuat produce rer-
tiflcates of attendance in regard to all those
Courses of Instroction which have reference
to the snbjects of that Eiatnination. They
must also produce evidence of having
passed the preliminary Examination.

6. The sum of £6 Ss. mast he paid to
the Troaaurer of the College at 20, Melville
Street, Edinhnrgh, for this Examination,
not later than 10 a.m. of .the day pre-
ceding it. This sum will be considered aa
paid to acGonnt of the enUre Fee of
£l& 16s. payable for the Diploma.

7. In the case of a candidate being un-
■Qccesafal at this Examination, £3 3a. will
be returned to Mm, the remaining £3 3a.
hiAuB retained to meet the expense oF con-
ducting the Examination. This rule applies

'so to any saheequent rejection.

8. Seaond Sxamination, — The second
Examination shall embrace Surgery and
Surgical Anatomy; aUo Meditine, Mid-
wiferj. Materia Medlca, and Medical Juris-

prudence; i(nd shall not take plac
the termination of the Winter Session Ol'
the last year of study. In the ease jot
eandidutes nho began their Course of
study after I6th September, 1866, it will
not take place till four years after the
Examination in General Education [See
ProfeiiioHal Education, 1].

9. Applii^tioug for Examination most
be made to the Secretary not later thut
the Tuesday previous to the day of the
Examination.

10. Every candidate, must prodacato
the Secretary, SO, Melville Street, Edin-
burgh — Ist, satisfactory evidence of hit
having attained the age of twenty,
years, and of having bMn duly regist
[See Frelimi*ary Examijialioii] ;
certificates of having attended the ch _„
enumerated in Frofesiioaal Sdvcalioa i,
together with the lother certificates enu-
merated in Profeiiionat Edueation 8;
3rd, the certificate of bia having pasted
the firat Professional Examination; and
4th, a tnbalnr statement (for which a
printed futm will he fnrpished bj the
Oificer), exhibiting the whole of his Frofei-

•sional education, and distinguishing the
Ciasaes, Hospitals, IMspensaries and SchiKrl*
attended daring each Session o( his studies.
If he have been an apprentice he mnet also
iuBcrt the name of hia master, the date cf
hia indenture, and the length of tine for
which he was bound. Tliis atatemont, aa<
curatcly filled np, uuist be attested by Mt_.
aignature, and will be preserved by tY"
College as a record.

11. If the sandidate have been
apprentice to a. Fellow of the Cotlegi
must also produce his discharged in-
deiituro.

12. On the production of these docu-
ments the Secretary will give the Candidate
a letter authorising the Examiners to admit
him to Examination,

13. The remaining Fee, payable to the
College (being £9Ve.), together with the
receipt for tlie Fee paid for the first Pro-
fessioiiai Examination, must be lodged, not
later than 10 a.m. of the day preceding the
Examination day, in the hands of the
Treasurer, at 20, Melville Street, ■ Edin-
burgh, who will certify thla npon the
6ocretary'.s letter. The sgm pf £5 Bs. will
he returned to unsuccessful eandidatca.

14. Candidates who have passed the Brat
Examination in Anatomy, Physiology, and
Chemistry, at any of the Licensing Boardt
reeognised by the Medical Act, will he ad-
missible to the second Professional Exami-
nation on prodacing certificates of tho

10- ^^

hit.^H

m

Kvfaole Conrie of study, of linving passed
rthsir preliminarj aud Sret Professional
EiaminatinnB, and of having beau regis-
tered as n Medical Student. If any of the
three aiibjecta of the Hrat PiofeBsional Ex-
amination hare been omitted, such candi-
dates .will have to undergo the Gnt Ex-
amination on tiic omitted aubjecta; and
none of the subjects of tho second Eiami
tion (8) will be omitted, even if some o

• them should have formed part of the lirst
Examination by another Board. The Fee
will be £15 15s. Unsuccessful candidate',
under this regulation w U b 1>
£Ullfl. Thisruiewll I a^plj t
Bubaequent rejection.

15. Caudidatea deai f pe il £x

aminations on other day th n tb se fi d
by the regulation?, muit p pa a c
to be submitted to the n d t n f be'
ButLoTitiesofthe CoUeg w h
show why it was and is impossible for tbein
to avail themseives of the ordinary E^
nations, past or future. Tboy must, i
lame time, produoe ceriifmaies of the i
qf iha preterihed Course of stady, and of
having palled the Preliininafu Eaamina-
tion, an^ mtut slate the earliett and the
laleH dagi kHMh tsMai lAeg can present
ihemielvei. It is very desirable that all
aucb cundidates, and espcdally those who
are at a. distance from Edinburgh, should

E resent their applications as ioug before-
and as possible. Tiie Fees for special
SxaminntioDS, which must bo lodged by
"" -m. of tho day preceding the Eianiina-
day, nre aa follows, viz. =—£20 for first
md tecond Exaniinations, of which £12
will be returned to candidates remitted on
the Srsb ExaminaUon; but no part of the
money will be TOpaid to candidates who,
haring passed the Rrtt, are uusaccessfiil in
Ibo second Em mination— £17 for second
Eiamlnation. Of this no part will be
ntnrned to the candidate if uuBucceesfuI.
(N.B.— Each of tbe two Professional Ex-
•nji^tiofls requires onedayforthe writteo

Slrt of the Examination. The Clinical and
Wil wiii follow on n subsequent Jfty.)
16.- In order to test more effectually the
ptaoticBl knowledge of candidates, recent
diaaectJons. anatomical apccimens, and ar-
ticles of the Materia Medica, will be em-
ployed- during the Examinations I and all
'candidalcB will bo required to write ont

• FonanlsB of preacription. They will ulao
be subjected to n practical Clinical Exami-
nation in the Surgionl Hospital, inclnding
the applicntion of Surgical apparatus, Ban-
dlgies, &c. ■

11. No Caudidatc ahall he admissible to

Examination who has been rejected by any
other Licensing Board within the three
months preceding his application to be
examiued.

18, The sums stated in the various sec-
tions of this and the preceding Chapter
include all Fees of every kind, and the
OiEoer Is prohibited from receiving any.

THE LAWB IN BEFBBESCS

1. No person shall be received as a can-
didate for the Fellowship ivho is not in
poBsesBian of the Diploma of the Boyal
College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, or of
the Royal College of Surgeons of England,
or of the Boyal College of Surgeons of
Ireland, or of tbe Faculty of Pbysiciajis
and Surgeons of Glasgow.

2. Ko person shall be admitted as a
Fellow who is under twenty-five years of
age.

3. Every candidate for tho Fellowship ,
(witit the eiception of those entitled to
enter under the old constitution of tha
College, and having right to its Widows'
Fund) shall lodge with the President a
petition for admisaion, and shall he recom-
mended by two Fellows as proposer and
seconder, of whom one at least shall be
resident in Edinburgh.

4. Candidatea foe the Fellowship (not
embraced under the exception to Law 3)
shall pay £25 to the College Fiinds, in-
cluding all fees. Tbe money shiiU be pay-
able to tbe Treasurer immediately after
tbe presentation of the petition to tbe
College.

6. The billots calling tho meeting fit
-which the petition is to be presented shall
the namo and surgical quallfica-
tbe candidate, his professional
appointments, if any, and tbe names of
his proposer and seconder.

6. The petition shall be considered at a
subsequent meeting, to be held not earlier
tlian a month aftbr the first; and in tbe
meantime, the petition, with tbe names of
the proposer and seconder, shall he hung
up in the Library; and tbe billets calling
the second meeting shall contain an inti-
mation in the saine form as those of the
first.

7- At the meeting for considering the
petition of the candidate, the votes sball
be given by ballot. Thrce-foarths of tbe
votes are required to entitle the candidate
a be admitted; and tbe number of those
,'oting shaE not be less than twenty.

5. The candidutb shall bo informed of
the result of tbe bnllotj but before lakiiig

I

1

I

*.40

MEDICAL" EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

hii seat as a FelloiF, he shall make s
declaration to the followiug otTi^ct, und
Bhall subscribe tbc same Id the Sedcriiiit-
book : — "I herabj promige fnitlifally to
maintaiD and defend uU the rights, liber-
tise, atid privileges of tho Boyiil College of
Surgeous of Edinburgh, and to promote
the iateresU tiiereof tn the ntmoBt of my
power. I aUo proinlae fiiithfully to obey
all the laws of the said Rojiil College,
made and to be made."

9. Caiididates who do not find it con-
Tenient to repair to EdinburR-b may be
permitted, hj a vote of the College, to be
enrolled as Fellows in absence, if they
transmit letters of ohligation to conform
to No. 8. before taking their seats.

10. Every Felloir, on his admission,
shall lecoive a Diploma with tlio seal of
the College appended.

11. Every Fellon is entitled to attend
the meelings of the College and to take
pnrt in tho proceedings and in the election
of offioe-beaiers.

12. No Eellaw of the College sliall keep
an open shop for the tale of drugii or other
Dlerchandiae.

IS. Na Fellow of the College shaU
allow liis name to be eouuected with
advertisements or publicstions of an in-
delicate or immoral nature.

14. No Fellow of ths College shall prac-
tise, or profess t« practise, by the use of
or accordtug to any secret remedy or
method of treatment; or shall allow his

name to be connected with advettigement*
for the sale of any eecrot remedy, or for
practice by the use of any secret remedy
or method of treatment ; or ihall connect
himself in parbaership or otherwise, or
continue in connection, with any person
practising by means of, or advertising, the
sale of any secret remedy.

15. No Fellow shall be guilty of any
deception or other immorality in the prac-
tice of his profeuion, or shall in an; other
vay conduct himself inconsistently wiA
the honoQr and dccomm which bee
his position as n Fellow of the College,

GLASGOW
I.— -Faoitlit or PnrsioiiNS AND

'vrgi<!»l diploma onfyj

OV BBBUtATIONS TO I

L Candidates for the Diploma of tbs
Faculty must have been engaged, in Pro-.
fessional study during foor years afler
their registration as Medical stndenta.
This period of study shall inclade at leart j
tour Winter Sessions or three Wintm'J
and two Summer Sessions' attendance atft J
recognised Medical School. •

2. Candidates must complete tbe fot '
lowing ;

'itb ^H

1

cirBBiocri.vif

Practical Anatomy
Chemistry

Practical or Analytical Chemistry
Physiology
Materia Medica .
Prautice of Medicine
Clinical Medicine .
■Principlesand Practice of Surgery
Clinical Snrgery .

Another Course of Surgery, or o
Medical Juiisprudence .
Midwifery
Practical Midwifery
Pathological Anatomy

1 Course of Lectuc

1 Do.

Instruction in .

1 Course of Lectures .

Instruction in . ,

Clinical Surgery, at the optioi

1 Course of Lectures .

Duration — ai UatfJ§

Six months each.
Twelve months.
Six months.
Three mouths.

Three months.

Do.

^^ Prac

k Qen*

I Profi

Attendnuce on at least Six Cnsi

Instruction in tlie Post-mortem
rooms of a recognised Hos-
pital .

Instruction

Attendance on the Practice of a
public General Hi ^

by a Public Vaccinator or Regis

Three montha.

S, students are strongly recommended
' to avail themaelTes of any opportanitius
thej nm; possess of itadying Ophtbalmic
and Mental DiaeAses, Natorul HUtory,
Campanitive Aualomy, atid Practical Fhy-
siology, in addition to what is required in
tlie Cturii^lum-

4. Candidates shall be aubjeeted to two
Professional Exam iaati ode. The first Ex-
nDiiDation embraces Anatomy, Fhysiologiy,
and Chomietry. Before being admitted to
this Eiamioation, tha stadsnt mnst have
completed his second Winter Seseion ef

' study, and mnst produce evidence of
having passed a recognised preliminary
Examination, of having been regis-
tered as'a MixUcal student at the com-
L 'liiencement of PrafessioEial study, and of
f luLving given the reqntred attendance on
the first five branches of the Cmriciiluin.

5. The second Examination embraces
■ Surgery and Surgical Anatomy, Medicine,

Materia Medica, Midwifery, and Medical

Jurisprudence, and cannot be undergone

before the termination of the full period
L of study. A candidate about to appear

'it this Examination will receive, on ap-
caticn to the Secretary of the Faculty,

S schedule which he will fill ap, so as t^
pahow his whole Course of study. Tbia
' tcbedule, attested by the aignstnre of the
i candidate, will be preserved by tha Faculty

M a record, and everything entered ia it
t iBDstbe veriSedby certificates, which must
mbi delivered (o the Secretary for iuapec-
■Kon at leastijiie week prior to the day ol
mination. Candidates must at the
1 lime produce evidence of having
'' attained twenty-one years of age, and of

baving passed the first Professional Ex-

6. Tlie fee for the Diploma is £16 16b.
OF this snm £S 6a. ia payable to the

^iocretary on entering for the first Eiami-
nation, and £9 9s. on entering for tbe
7. The Examinations are conducted
partly in writing and partly orally.
Beceut Dissections, Anatomical Specimens,
Chemical Tests, Articles of the Materia
HediCB, the Microscope, Surgical and
Obstetrical Appaiatns and Pathological
Specimen* are employed nt tbe discretion
of the Examiners. Candidates are
eDbject«d at the second Examinacior
Practical Clinical Examination at
Hospital, and they may also be exaii
in Operative Surgery.

8, Candidates for the Diploma of the
Faenlty. who have passed the Examina-
tion iu Anatomy, Physiology, aud Chem-

stry, before any of the licensing bodies
enumerated iu Sebednle (A) of the Medical
ict, on complying with the regulations
in other respects, are admissible to the
second Professional Examination.

9. UnsuecessEul candidates are remitted
I their studies for a period determined by

tbe jadgment of the Examiners ; hut not'
ly case for less then three months,
ivery such case £3 3b, at the first
lination, and £4 4s. at tbe second is

retained, and the remainder of the Fee ii

returned.

10. A candidate, on showing a sufficient
itson, may be admitted to Examination

a day specially arranged, ou paying an
extra Fee of £5 6b., which will be forfeited,
'u addition to the sura ordinarily retained,
n the event of the candidate being re-
sitted to bis studies.

11. GradiintesinMedioineof any British
University, and Licentiates in Medicine of

if the licensing bodies authorised to
t Diplomas in Medicine, are exempted
from Examination in Medicine and Materia
Medica, and subjected to all other parts of
the final Examination.

EXAUIKATIONB

1. Preliminary Examinations in General
Literature, in accordance with tS\e regula-
tions of the General Medical Council, will
he held in the Facalty Halt. The Exami-
nations win embrace the following sub-
jects: — 1. English Language, 2. Latin.
3. Arithmetic and Algebra. 4. Geometry.
5. One of the following subjects at tbe
option &f tha candidate : (1.) Natural
Philosophy — MechanicB, Hydrostatics, and
FnenmaticB. (2.) Greek. (3.) French. (4.)
German.

(P.S.— In the Latin, Greek, Ftench, and
German papers, questions ou Graaftnar
will be given, and special stress icill be
laid on the accurate answering of tha
grammatical questions,)

AB9TBACT OV BKOUliTIONB FOB THB BIEO-
I10>, ASUISSION, BIO., OE FELLOWS

1. A candidate for tbe Fellowship must
be a Licentiate of the Faculty or a Fellow,
Member, or Licentiate of one of the Royal
Colleges of Sui^edna of the United King-
dom, or a Master or Bachelor of Surgery
of a University of the L'^nited Kingdom.
2, A candidate must be proposed in writ-
ing by two Follows, at an ordinary meet-
ing of the Faculty. The proposal must
state the Surgical qualiS cation in virtue of
which be desires admission to the Fellow-
ship j and aftsr bdng proposed, bo shall

I

MBDIOAL EDUCATION AND PEACTICE

I
I
I

«a))iliit to tliH Cauncil all neeessHr; evl-
deaoeof liii Frofeuioaal quuliHcationa, and
pf Ilia being- oE nnejceptioaablB motal
cbnracter, and, If required bjr the Presi-
dent, be iball appear perBonally before tJie
Couliuil of the Fucitlty. 3. A copy of tbe
propoBikl ihall be placed in tbe Bcading-
riMin till the n^it ordinary meeting of the
Ficolty, nh^n, the Council buTiDg reported
that tbe candidate is eligible, nnd no
riRUonuble ground for doUy being aboviti,
the Faculty sbaU proceed to determine liis
election by ballot. 4- For the election of
& Fclloiv two-tliirda of the vot«8 giveu
must be in favour of hii admiasion. An
eicarpt from the minute of tbu meeting,
giving the reault of tbe ballot, ehnll "be
■sent bj the Clerk of the Facolty to the
cauilidate, who, if elected, shall at the
next meeting of tbe Facolty, or of the
Council thereof^ be admitted aa a Vellovr.
upon iDDkiag and aubscribing tbe required
declaration. 6. A Fellow who does not
find it convenient toattendperBonally may
be permitted by a vote of the Faculty to
he enrolled in abieucc, if he tranimlt a
letter of obligation to mnke and anbacribe
the required declaration before taking hi*
Beat. 6. The Eutrauce Fee (to be deposited
with tbe Treasurer in every caae before
praposal) Bball, for a tciideut Fellow, he
£50, but from this sum the candidate, if a
Licentiate of tbe Faculty, shall be entitled
to a deduction of nbatover amount ho may
liave already paid for hia Diploma. 7. A
candidate residing beyond Ave miles from
the Faculty Hall may be elected aa a non-
resident Fellow, with auch privileges as
are provided by Heguiution No. 8. Tbe
entruice Fee in sucb case shall be £26, bat
from this aom the candidate, if a Licentiate
o{ the Faculty, shall be entitled to a dednc-
tlon of half the amount ho may have already
paid for his Diploma. 8. The non-resident
Fellowj shall have the same privileges iti
the roeetinga of the Faculty and in the
nae of the Keadiag-rooin aa the resident
FcUuns, but they aball not be eligible to
any of the oSicea or appoiutmente of tbe
Faculty, and ibeir nee of tbe Library shall
be auch aa the Library Committee may
from time to time direct. 9. In the event
of a ncii-resident Fellow coming at any
time to reude tcitbin Ave miles of the
Faculty Halt, he aball ceasa to have any
right or privilege whatsoever as a Fellow,
notil he haa paid to the funds of the
Faculty the difference between the aum
he lias already paid, and the amount of
the EntrnuRe . I^ec of a resident Fellow
'tKigible at the time of big admission aa

sueh. 10. No one shall be eligible (or thi

Fellowship of the Faculty who keeps aa'

open shop for tbe sale of drags or other

n:erchaiidise.

II.^Dqcblb QuAimcATioy n» Hedi-

CtSB ASD SnEaKSY, CONFBBBBIl
JOINTLY Br THB FiCPLIY O^ PHISI-
ClANB ASD SUBSKOKB OF GLABQOW,
4ND THB ROIAL CotLEQB OF PsISI-
CIANB OF EdINBCBQH

The Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons'
of Glasgow, and tbe Royal- College of
Physicians of Edinborgh, while they con-
tinue to give their Diplomas aeparately,
under acparate regulations, have made
arrnngementa by which, after one aeries
of Examinations, the student may obtain
two acparate Licences — one itt Medicine
and one in Surgery. The g'eneral prin-
ciple of this Joint Eiamination ia, that it
is conducted by a Board in wUch sadi
Body is represented; the object being to
give to atudents faci^ties for obtaining
from two separate bodies, and st leu
eipenae. a double qaaliSoation in Medi-
cine and in Surgery. Students pasuag
these Exuminstionau sacceosfully will ba
enabled to register two QaalitlGationa nnder
the Medical Act, viz. : — Licentiate c^ the
Faculty of Physicians and Snrgeons of
QUagow, and Licentiate of the Koyal
College of Physicians of Edinbnrgb. The
Fee for the piploma is £21, and is appoi;-
tinned thas: — £8 8b. is payable to the
Secretary of the Facnity on. entering for
the first EiamiuBtion, and £12 12b. on
entering for the eecond Gximinatioil.
The Curriculum of atndy embraces aConrM
of Medicine additional to thai require^
for tbe Licence of the Faculty. The other
regulations are nearly the same u thoifl
for the Diploma of the Focnity.

LONDON -
I.— EOYAL COLLESE or PBrtioiuca
The goTornmeDt of the CorporaUon is
vested in the President and Fellows only.
The Ifamisrs of the College are alone
eligible to tbe Fellowship. They have the
a se of the Library and Museum, and are
adraittett to all Lectures. The lAcealiata
have access to the Beadiug Room, Mueeum,
and Lectures ; but are not permitted to
take booka away from the Library. They
are eutitled to register under the Medical
Act, and to practise Medicine, Surgery, and
Midwifery in any part of Uer Majesty's
Dominions, and may compound or dispense
medicines for patienta v»deT Ihtir pum
eare. . The Iricenqe of the College ie recog-

\

I

I

1 ij the Poor-law Boflfd as a qnalifi-
B^BtioD in Medicine and Surgery.
■ Fees— JtfemSer**ip, £31 ids. Licence,
K£15 ISs.

It BTB-tiWa ABD EBQtr-

I. — Tho Momliera of the College, present
and future, slmll be nloiio etigibia ta the
Felloirsliip. Tliej' sliall have the lue of
the Library and Museum, subject to the
TBgqIattOUB relating tbeietoi and shaU be
admitted to all Lecture?, and ebaU enjoj
meh furthaf privilegea as may froai time
to time be defined hy the' Bye-laws; but
thej shall not be entitled to any abare
in the gOTemment, or to attend or vote
at general meetings, of tbe CorporBtioo.

IL — All persona who iiavo been admitted
before February 16tb, 1SS9, Licentiates of
tbe College, BbBll be entitled to be admitted
Hembors of the College, ' provided that
they have, since their NdmisBlon os. Licen-
tiatea, obeyed tho Bye-lawB, and do accept
Bocb SlemherBhip, and engags benceforth
to obey tho Bye-laws of tbe College.

IIL — Any extra Licentiate who shall
Lave produced teatimonials aa to character
satisfactory to the Ceusora, and sball have
wsured the aaid Conaors that be ia not
engaged in the practice of Fharmiicy, aud
nbo shall comply with auch other regula-
tions as are required by the Bye-laws of
the said Corporation, may be proposed to
the College to be admitted a Member of
tbe College.

IV, — Any person who shall have sJitia-
fled tbe College tonehing his acquire-
menta in general Science and Literature,
and Ms knowledge of Medicine, Surgery,
and Midwifery, and who shall comply
with the Bye.laws and regulaliona of the
College, may be proposed to the College to
bo admitted a Member of the College.

y. — Every candidate for the Memberahip
of the College, under the last Bye-law,
who shall have commenced hia Professional
studies after September, ISGI, shall satisfy
the Censors' Baard that, previouBly to the
commcncemeitt of hia Frofesaional stndies,
he haa obtained a Degree in Arts from
■ome University of tbe United Kingdom
or of the Colonies, or from aome other
University specially ceco^ised by the
Medical Coanoil, or that he has passed
Biaminations equivalent to those, reqnirtd
for a Degree in Arts. All other candidates
for Membership shall be examined on tbe
inhjeots of General Edncation by the Pre-
"'' it and Cenien of the College,

VI. — Every candidate for Memberahip
shall furniah proof that ho haa attained
the age of twentj-flvo years.

VII. — Every candidate ahalt produce a
teatimonial from a Fellow or Member of
the College, satisfactory to the Censors'
Board, to the eifect that, aa regaida moral
character and conduct, he ia a dt and
proper person to be admitted a Member of
tlie College.

VllI.^Every candidate (exoept tuch at
shall be admhiiile und^r the proDUioita of
Sectiota XV ani XVI) shall prodace
proof of his having been engaged in Pro-
fesaibnal atudlea daring a period of 6va
years, of which four yeara at least shall
havo been passed at a Medical School or
Schools recognised by the College.

IX.— Every candidate (except ibcS a»
shall be admissSiU! uad^ the pfoniaiaas of
Secliont XV and XVI) shall produce
evidence, satiafactory to the Censors' Board,
of hia having studied tbo following sab-
jecCa : — Anatomy, with Disaectiona, during
two Winter Sesaions ; Physiology, two
Winter Sessions; Chemistry, sii montha;
Practical Chemistry, three months ; Mate-
ria MedicBa three months; Practical Phar-
maoy, three months : by Practical Phar-
macy is meant instruction in the Laboratory
of a registeved Medical Practitioner, or of
a Member of the Pharmaceutical Society
of Great Britain, or of a public Hospital
or Dispensary recognised by the College.
Botaoy, three months : this Coucse of Lec-
tures may he attended prior to the com-
mencement of Proftasional studies; and
any candidate producing aatisfactory evi-
dence that Botany farmed one of the sub-
jecta of hia preliminary EiaininatioQ will
ha exempt from attendance oD this Course.
Morbid Anatomy, ail months: tbia includes
attendance and instruction in the Post-
mortem room dociDg the period of Clinical
study. ■ Principles and Pracltce of Medi-
ciuc, during two Winter Sessiaus: it is
required that the principles of Public
Health should be comprised in this Courae
of Lectnres, or in tbe Course of Lectures
on Forensic Medicine. The Attendance on
tlieae Lecturea mnat not commence eariier
than the second Winter Session at u recog-
nised Medical SchooL Principles and Prac-
tice of Surgery, two Winter Seeiiom ; the
attendance on theae Lectdres must not
commence earlier than, tbe second Winter . '
Seaaion at a recogniaed Medical School.
Clinical Medicino, three Winter Seiiioni
and liree Suimner SeeiioHi; the atten-
dance on these Lectures must not com-
laeace earlier thau the seoond Winter

UEDICAL BDDCA.T10N AND PRACTICE

Seision at a recognued Medical School.
Clinical Surgerj, two Winter Setiions and
(foo Sammer Seitioiu: the attouiUnce on
these Lectnces must not (^ammencu earlier
than the Becoad Wiutcr SeBaioii ut a recog-
nised Medical School. By Cliniciil Medi-
cine aud Clinical Surgery are meant ape-
dal itndy aud instmction at the hed-aide,
nitli Lectures on caaee. HidwiCer; and
the Diaeasea peculiar to Women, three
nontlis ; certi&catea must also he produced
of attendanco on not leea than twenty
labours, and of instruction and proflcieocy
in Vaccination. Forenaic Medicine, three
months. Of having attended diligently
during three Winter Seaaiona and three
Sammer Sessiona the Medical Practice, ami
dvrinff three Winter Saiiioae and tao
Summer Seeeioae the Surgical Frattice of
K. an Hospital cotitaiuing at least 100 beds.
Of having heen engagod during six months
in the Clinical study of Diaoaaes peculiar
to Women. And of having served the
office of Ctiuical Clefk in the Medical
Wards during at leiist six monthi. [The
.requirements printed in italics apply to
candidates who commenced their I'rofes-
aional Education in the United Kingdom
on or after October lot, 1867; and to can-
didates who commenced their Profuasional
Education at a recognised Foreign or Colo-
nial School on or after October lat, 1683.]
X.~-Every candidate who has praseouted
bis atudies abrnad, whether in part or to
the full extent required by the precadiag
Bye-law {except ivck ai ihall is adiaitiible
under the proviiiane of Section XVI),
ahall, nevertheless, bring proof of hia
having attended, during at least twelve
months, the Medical Practice of an Hospital
n the United Kingdom containing at leaat
100 beds.

—If the Censora' Board doubt the
sufficiency of the certificates and testi-
monials prdduced by any candidate, or hie
fitness, in any respect, for udmiaaiou tc
Examination, tbey may submit the case tc

ta General Meeting of the Fellowa.
XII.— No candidate ahall bo admitted tn
Examiuation who is engaged io trade, ot
who dispeases Medicine, or inakea aoy en-
gagement with a Chemist, or any other
person, foe the supply of Medicines
who practisea Medicine or Surgery in
nerahip, by deed or otberwiae, ao Ion
that partnership continues.
XIII,— No candidate shall be admitted
to Examination who refuses to niake known,
when required by the President and Cen-
sora, the nature and composition of any
remedy he oees,

I

XIV. — Every candidate (except in cases
specially exempted, ander Sections XV
and XVI) shall give proof of his acquire-
ments by written answers to qnestiona
pinced before him, and shall be eiamined
>jt>a soce at three separate examinations,
ind shall he approved by the Freaident and .
Conaora, or by the major part of them.

XV.— Any candidate who has already
obtained the Degree of Doctor or Bachelor
of Medicine at a D'niversity in the United
Kingdom, wherein the Courses of stndy,
and the Eiaminationa to be nndergone by
tbe atudenCs previously to gruduation, shaU
bean adjudged by the Censors' Board
entirely satiafactory, shnll be exemplT
(if the Censors ahsU think tit} from all orT
any parts of the Examinations herein-
before described, except aucb as relate tl
the third, or Pass Eiamination ■, ths natiu
and extent of which Examiuation shall, i
the esse of each candidate, be determinBdl
by tbe Censors' Board. Every candidah
for the Membcrahip will, however, be re
quired to translate into English a passage j
from a Latin author, aud he will have the
opportunity of showing a knowledge of
Cfreek, or ot one or more ot the modem
European languages.

XVI. — It aoy candidate who bns attmned
tbe age of forty years shall produce testi-
mouials not merely satisfactory as to hU
moral character and conduct, and his
general and Professional acquirements, but
further ehowing that he has improved tba
art or extended tlie science of Medicine,

as n Medical
Board, having well weighed and considered
theso teatimoniala, may, if they see fit,
Bubmit them to the Fellows at a General
Meeting, and it shall be determined by tbe
votea ot the Fellows present, or of the
majority of them, taken by ballot, whether
tbe candidate sball bo admitted to Exam!>
nation, which shall, in every such case,
as full and complete as the Ci
deem suEBcleut.

XVII. — Any candidate who shall pro-
duce satisfactory evidence of having passed
an Examination on Anatomy and Physi-
ology conducted by any of the bodiet
nnmod in Schedule (A) to the Medickl Ac^-
and recognised by the Cdllege as reqoirii "
a course of study and an Elaminat'
satisfactory to the Collet
from re- Examination on the subjects of '
primary EjLamination.

XVIII.— Any candidate who sbaU bai
obtained a Degree in Surgery,
vcrsity in the United Ki^dom, after S

:he

leof

Bnrgery.
XIX.-

— Ajiy caadidste who shall bsve
passed the Eiaminntion on Surgory con-
ducted by the Koyal Collejue of Surgeons
of England, or the Boyal College of Sur-
geons of Edinbnrgb, or the Royal College
of Surgeons in Ireland, after a Conrae of
Btudy and an Eiamioution aatisfaetory to
the College, will be ciempt from re-Eiami-
nation on Surreal Anatomy, and on the
Principlea aod Practice of Surgery.

XX. — Every candidate appcoved by the
Cbubots' Board shall be proposed at the
next General Meeting of Fellows, as qnali-
Sed to become a Member of the College j
and if the majority of the Fellows present
sltall consent, he shall, on complying wit'
the regulations prescribed by Che Byi
laws, be admitted a Member of tl
College,

XXI.— No one shall be admitted (except
MVcA ai thdll be admiiiibU under the pro-
vititnuof Sections II and III) aMombei
of the College, unless he shall give his
dgaent to the following wocdsi addtessed
to him by the Presideut in the presence of
the Fellows;—" Tan give }/onr faith that
gou milt obierve and obey the Btatntei,
Sge-laiEi, and regalationa of Wis College,
relating to Menibers, and mil lubmil to
MveA penaltiei as nay be laiafvlly imposed
far any negltet or infringement of iheia i
and tiat yon mill, to the beet of your
abiUtj/, do all thingt ia the praetiee of
yottr profeaiion for the honour of Ihf
College, aad the good of the puLlic." Aa|]
after he has been admitted, he shall COU'
firm tbia promise by affixing his name tr
the same words, previously committed tc

Every candidate for the Membership of
the College {except sncU ~ns shell be
admissible under the provisions of Sec-
lions XV and XVI of tbe Bye-laws) will
be required to pass the following E:iBmi'
nations. The first Eiamination, on Ana-
liomj and Physiology, will be conducted
asive days, ns follows :— Ou " "
ly evening, from seTcn to ten, by
ntten questions. On Toeaday eveninu,
commencing at seven o'clock, vied voce,
on Dissections and Preparations. T
second Examinittion will be conducted
follows :— On Monday afternoon, from o
to torn, by written questions on Materia

Mediea, and on Chemistrg in its applim-
tiona to Fathologi/, Pharmacy, and Toxi-
:oloffif. On Tuesday afternoon, from one
to four, on Materia Medica, and on CKem-
Itirg and ili applieatiom to Faiholagt/,
Pharmacy, aiid "^xieologj/. Tkit Exami-
nation loill ie conducted partly vivd voce
ind partly in apractical manner. Even-
ing, from seven to tefi, by written ques-
tions on Midwifery, and the Diseases .
peculiar to Women, On Wednesday eveti-
ing, from seven to ten, by written ques-
tions on Surgical Anatomy, and on the
Principles and Practice of Surgery. On
Tbnrsday morning, tbe candidate's prac-
tical Itnowledge will be tested, either at
the Cpllegc or in the Surgical Wards of
,n Hospital, commencing at seveu, p.m.,
in the Principles and Practice of Surgery
nd Midwifery. Examination, vied voce.
The third, or Pass Examination, will ha
conducted on successive days, as follows : —
On Thursday, from two to sii, by written
questions on Medical Auutoiny, and ou the
Principles of Medicine. On Friday, from
two to six, by written questions on tiie
Practice of Medicine, including the iVin-
cipUa of PnbUo Sealth, and on Psycho-'
logical Medicine. On Saturday or Monday
the candidate's practical knowledge will
ha tested, either at the College or in the
Medical Wards of an Hospital. On Tues-
daytEiamination vitd docs. On Wednes-
day, Eiamination vied voce. Candidates
'" t be admitted to the first Exnmi-
unttl after tbe termination of the
second Winter Session of professional
study at a recognised Medical Sclioo], nor
to the second Examination until after tbe
termination of four years of ProfeBsioual
study, noc to the third, or Pass Eiamina-
tiou, until after the completion of the
required CourseofProfessiona] study. Any
candidate who shall be rejected at the
First Examination will not be readmitted
to ExaminaUon until after the lapse of
three months, and will be required to
prodnce a certificate of tlie performance
of Dissections, or other Professional study
satisfactory to the Examiners, during that
time. Any candidate who shall be rejected
at tlie second Examination, will not be
readmitted to Examination until after the
Upso of six months, and will he required
to produce a. certificate of attendance on
the Practice of a recognised Hospital and
the attendance on Clinical Lectures, or
other Professional study, satisfactory to
the Examinora dniing that time. Any
candidate not approved by the Censors'
Booid at the thini or Pass Examination,

I
I

MEDtOAL fiDIfOATIOK AltD PBACTtCE:

I

will not (except liy epecUl pBrmiuion of
tbe College) be readmitted to Eiaminitioii
until after tlio lapis of a year. Erery
candidate mQEt give fourtten days' notice
in writiDg.to tie Registrar of ths College,
of bis intention to jiresent himself for
Eiamination, at tlie Mine time transmit-
ting the following certificate :

fbr i&B Frimary Examiiuitioti. — Evi-
dence of having passed an Arta Examina-
tioAj and, in the case of tboaa who shall
have commenced Professional etudiei after
18G1, evidence^ of having previously ob-
tained a Degree in Arts from some Uni-
versity of the United Kingdom, or of the
Colonies, or from some other Unirersity
specially recognised by the Medical Coun-
cil, 01 tbat be has passed EiBminatious
equivalent to thosu required for a Degree
in Arts; of having been duly registered Rs
n Medical student; and of having com-
pleted the second Winter Session of Pro-
fessional study at a recognised Medical
School : al! other candidates for Member-
ship shall bo eiamlned on the suhjecta of
General Edncation by the President and
Censors of tbo College.

For ihe Second ExaiHinatioH, — Evidence
of having completed four years of Pro-
fessional study; of having attained the
age of twenty-one years ; of InBtcnction
and proSciency in the practice of Vacciaa-
tibn; and of having attended not less than
twenty Laboura, and of having discharged
the duties of Clinical Clerk, and performed
' the duties of Dresser, for periods of not
less than three months.

For the Pan Examiaalion.—P eoot of
having attained the ago of twenty-ti'
years; a testimonial from a Fellow or Mci
her of the College; evidence of having
completed IJie required course of Profea-
sionalstudy, Blank Forms ofthe required
certificates of attendance on Hospital Prac-
tice and on Lectures mey be obtained on
application at the College. Any candidate
who shall prodnce satisfactory evidence of
having passed an Examination on Anatomy
and Physiology, canducted by any of the
bodies named in Schedule (A) to the Medi-
cal Act, and recognised bj the Collega aa
requiring a CourEC of study and an Eiami-
iiation satisfactory to the CollegB, will be
exempt from re-Eiaminntion on the sub-
jects of the Primary Examination. Any
candidate who shall have obtained a De-
greo in Surgery at a University in the
United Kingdom after a Course of study,
and en Examiuation s.itisfactory to the
College,wil! be exempt from re-Eiamination
on. Surgical Anfttomy, and on the Prin-

ciples and Priictice of Surgery. Any caa.<
didate who eholl have passed the ExamU'
n on Snrgery conducted by the Royll
College at Burgeons of England, or the
Royal College of Surgeons of Edinhnrgb,
or tHe Eoyal College of Surgeons in Ire-
land, after a Course of study and an Ex-
amination satisfactory to the College, will
lemptfrom re -Examination on Surgical
Anatomy, and on the Principles and ^ao-
Cice of Surgery. Any candidate who has
already obtained tbe Degree of Doctor or
Bachelor of Medicine at a University in
the United Kingdom, wherein the Courses
of study, and the Examinations to be
undergone by the students previonsly to
graduation, shall have been adjudged by
the 'Censors' Board to be entirely satis-
factory, shall he exempt (if tbe Censors
shall thiuk flt) from aU or any parts of the
Examinations hereinbefore described, ex-
cept such as relate to the third or Pasi
Examination,, the nature and -extent of
wliich shall, in the case of each condidats,
be determined by the Censors' Board.
Every candidate for the Membership will,
however, be required to tnnislate into Eng-
lish a passage from n Latin author, and he
will have the opportunity of showing a
hnoH-ledge of Greek, or of one or more of
the modern Enropcon languages. If any
candidate who has attained the age of forty
years shall produce testimonials not merely
satisfactory as to his moral character and
conduct, and bis general and Professional
acquirements, but further showing that
he bfli improved the Art or extended the
Science of Medicine, or has at least dis-
tinguished himself highly as a Medical
Practitioner, the Censors' Board, havii
well weighed and considered these tei
monials, may, if they see fit, submit thei
to the Fellows at a General Meeting ;
it shell be determined by tbe votes of the
Fellows present, or of the majoiitj of
them,.tal[en by ballot, whether the candi-
date shall be admitted to -Examination,
which shall, in every Bucb esse, be aa full,
and complete as the Censors may deem
sufficient.

The Licence of this College is a qnoU-^
flcation to practise Medicine, Surgery, and j
Midwifery, and is recognised by tbe'Loonl f
Oovernmeut Board aa a qualification in
Surgery as well as in Medicine.

TheCollegc will, onder its Charter,grant \
Licences to practise Physic, . inciudinif . I
therein the Practice of Medicine, Surgeij, ,
and Midwifery (which Licences are not to i

lical ^^

"4

I'Dxtetid to make the Licentiates Memliera
I of the Corporatioa), to persone who ehall
eonfoim to tlie FollowiDg Byo-laws :

Every caudidote for the College LicenoB
(except when otherwise prOTlileil by the
Bye-lawa) is required ta produce aatisfac-
to^ evidenae to tlie following effect :

I. — Of ■having uttaiiied the age of
twanlj-one jears.

II. — OJ moral oharactor.

III. — Of having passed, before the com-
menceoient of Professional atndj, an Ex-
amination in the eabjectB oF Geneial Edu-
cation recog-nised hy the College.

IT. — Of having been registered as a
Uedioal slndent in the manner prescribed
hy the Qencial Medical Conncil. " After
October, 1370,eTery candidate (not exemp.
ted fhim r^istratien) is required to hare
leen registered at least four years pre-

V. — Of having bean engaged in Profea-
Bional atndiea during four years, of which
ftt leait three Winter Sessions and ttco
Sammer Sessions shall have been passed at
B recognised Medical School or Schools,
and one Winter Session and two Summer
Sessions in one or other of the following

1, Attending the Practice of an Hospital
or other Institution recognised by the Col-
lege for that purpose.

2. Receiving instmotion as the papil of
B legally qnalified practitioner, holding sny
public appointment whieh affords oppor-
tonitie*, saiisfaatory to the Examiners, of
imparting a praHIcal knowledge of Medi-
cine, Surgery, or Midnlfery.

8. Attending Lectures on any of the
quired subjects of Professional stady at

recctgnised place of instrQcltou. (Pro-

ssional studies commenced hefori the

eaadidatc shall have passed an Examination

in the subjects of Qenerai Education will

not he recogDised by the College.)

VI. — Of haviitg attended, during three
Winter Sesiiona and Iibo Summer SeaHoiu,
tie Medioal a»d Surgical Practice at a
tteogniied Scupitai or Bdtpitalti of
bBving discharged the duties of Clinical
Clerk at a recognised Hospital for a period
«f Dot less than three months j of having
performed the duties of Dresser at a recog-
nised Hospital for a period of not less than
three months; and of having been engaged
daring six ftionths in the Clinical study of
diseases pecnliar to Women.

TIL — Of having studied the following
■nlijeotsi — Anatomy (with Dissection^
during two Winter Sessions; Physiology,
daring two Winter Sessions j Chemistry^

3PE 4.1 *

during six months; Practical Chemistry,
during three months; Materia Medica,
during three months} Practical Pharmacy,
during three months (hy Practical Phar-
macy is meailtiu3triictionintbeLabDratoi7
of B, Registered Medical Practitioner, or of ■
a Member of the Pharmaceutical Society
of Great Britain, or of a Puhlio Hospital '
or Dispensary recognised by the College) ;
Botany, during three months (this Course
of Lectures may be attended prior to the
commencement of Professional studies;
anil any candidate producing satisfactory
evidence that Botany formed one of tho
subjects of liis Preliminary Eiamiuation
will be exempt from Bttendauco on this
Course); Morbid. Anatomy, during six
months (this includes attendance and in-
BtructioD in the Post-mortem room daring
the period of Clinical study) : Principles
and Practice of Medicine during -two
Winter Sessions. It is required that the
Principles of Public Health should be cam-
prised in this Course of Lectures, or In the
Course of Lectures on Forensic Jledicine.
The attendance on these Lecturer must not
commence earlier than the second Winter
Session at a recognised Medical SchOfl;
Principles and Practice of Surgery during
two Winter Seseiona (the attendance oa
these Lectures most not commence earlier
than the second Wuiter Seaaion at a recog-'
nieed Medical School) ; Clinical Medicine
during two Winter Sessions and two
Summer Sessions (the attendance on these
Lectures must not commence until after the
Qrst Winter Bessioa at a recognised Medi-
cal School); Clinical Surgery during two
Winter Sessions and two Summer Sessions
(the attendance on these Lectures must not
commence until after tbe first Winter
Session at a recognised M^ical School.
By Clinical Medicine and Clinical Snrgery
are meant special study and Instruction at
the bed-side, with Lectnrca on Cases); Mid-
wifery and the Diaeaaea peculiar to Women,
during three months (certificates must
also \m produced of attendance on not less
than twenty Labours, and of instruction
and proficiency in Vaccinstion) ; Forensic
Medicine, during three months,

VIII. — Of having passiid the Profea-
sional Eiaminations.

Any eaudidate who shall prodnco satis-
factory evidence of having passed an Ex-
amination on Anatomy and Physiology,
conducted by any of the bodies named in
gehednte (A) to the Medical Act, and re-
cognised by the College as requiring a
Course of study and an Exuminatiou
BBtisractory to the College, shall b«

MBDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICfi

J the sub-
candidate wliu sball have obtained u
Degree iu Medicine at a Uuiveraitj recog-
nlwd by the CMege, after a Coarse of
etndjf imd uii Eiamination aatiafactorj to
the College, ehall be exempt from re-Ex-
mainatluu un tbe tnbjeots of the primoTy
EiRcainatioil. Any candidate nho shall
bare obtained a Degree ia Sorgerj at a
University in the United Kingdom, after
a CoQcse of study and on Euiiuinattau
BUtiafactorj to the Callegc, shall be exempt
from re-EiaminiLtion on Surgical Ana-
tomy, and on the Principles and Practice
of Surgery. Any candidate who shall
bate passed the Eiaminatiou on Surgery
conducted by the Koyal College of Sur-
geons of England, or the Boyal College of
Surgeons of Edioburgb, or the Hoynl Col-
lege of Surgeuni in Ireland, after a Course
Ol study and an Examination satisfactory
to the College, shall be exempt from re-
Examination on Surgical Anatumy, and on
the Principles and Practice of Surgery.
Any candidate, being a " Registered Medi-
. cal Practitioner," vhow qnulification or
qualiScatious shall havo been obtained
before the 1st day of January, 1861,
having been, with the consent of the Col-
lege, admitted a candidate for the Licence,
will be examined on the Principles and
Practice of Medicine, Sui^ry, and Mid-
wifery j but he will be exempted from
inch other parts of the Professional K.~
aminatlons as bis qualiflcationB may see
t« the Ei.aminers to render in bia ca
unneceeBory. Every candidate before r
ceiviiig the College Licence shall be r
quired to pledge bimsetf by subscribing
his name to the following woida ; — " /
faU&fallg proaiie to ohaema and obei/ the
Slaluln, £i/e-latiii, and Regalatiora of the
College ralatirtg to lacentiatei, and to ni-
mit to awh peaaltiet at moff be lavrfulli/
inhaled for any neglect or infringement of

BXAUIHAIIaN "KtH IHE UCSNOB

Every candidatefar theCollege Licence,
before he is admitted to Examination, will
be required to sign a decUration, that be
has not been rejeeted within three montht
by any of the Examining Boards included
in Scbednle (A) to the Medical Act. TIie
Rat Examination, on Anatomy and Fhy-
Biology, will be conducted oh succcbi '
days, as followa : — On the first day, e\
ing — from seven to ten, by written qi
lions ; on the eecond day, evening — ci
nencing at Beven o'clock, vivA voce.

I and Preparations. The second^ 1
amioation, will be. conducted OH'
dayB, BB follows: — On the Brat
day, aftci:noon— from one to four, by
itten questiaiiB pn Materia Medica, and
CbemiBtcy in its applications to Patho-
logy, Pharmacy, and Toxicoli^y. Even-
ing — from seven to ton, by written quea-
tiona on Medical Anatomy, and on the
Principles and Practice of Medicine, ia-
cloding the Principles of Public Health.
Ou the second day, morning— the candi-
'"' ' practicii! knowledge will be tested,
at the College or in tbe Medical
Wards of aa Hospital; afternoon — from
oue to four, on Mateiia Medica, and on
Chemistry in its appplications to Patho-"^
logy. Pharmacy, and Toiioology. TI '
Examination will be conduoted partly di
and partly in a practical mann
ing— from seven to ten, by writtett ■
queationa on Midwifery and the Diaeases
pecalioi to Women. On the third day,
evening — from seven to ten, by written
queations on Surgical Anatomy, and on
the Priuci pica and Practice of So^gery.
Ou the fourth day, morning — the canm-
date's praotical knowledge will be tested,
either at the College, or in the Surgical
Wards of an Uoapital; evemng — com-
mencing at aeven o'clock, vivd cooe, on the
Principles and Praatioe of Medicine, Sur-
gery, and Midwifery. Candidates will not
be admitted to the first Examination until
after the termination of the secoud
Winter Session of ProfesBional atndy at a
recognised Medical School, nor to the
second or Pass Examination nntll after
tlie termination of four years of Profes-
sional study. The College does not admit
to the Pasa Examihation any candidate
(not exempted from registratian) whose
name has nob been entered in the Medical
Students' Regiator at leaat four .year*.
Any cBndi<late wbo shall be rejected at the
iirst EiamlnatioD will not he readmitted
to EiamiDation nntil after the lapse of
three moutlfs, and will be required to pro-
duce a certificate of the performance of
Dissections, or other ProfeBBional study
aatisfactory to the Examiners, during that
time. Any candidate wbo shall be re-
jected at the aecond or Pass Examination
will not be readmitted to Eiaminatioa
antil after tbe lapse of six mouths, and
will be required to produce a certificate of
attendance on the Practice ola recognised
Hospital, and also of attendance on Clinical
Lectores, or other Professional study aatis-
factory to the Examiners during that
time. Every candidate intending to pre-

t hinuelf for Eiamination is re(iuircd
» give fourteen dajs' notice in writing to
the BegiatTar of tlie CoHeg?, at the ssine
tjme tranBHiitting tlie fallowing certifi-
CBtoi ; — For the first ExamisaHoa. — Evi-
deni^e uf hnviiig passed an Arts Eiitmiaa-
tlon J of having been dnly regi't^^^ »» a
Utdical BtudenCi and or having completed
tlie second Winter Seiaion of ProfessioDal
Btadj Bt a recognised Medieal Schnol.
IB'or lie leeoad or Paii Meaminalion. —
Byidenoe of having completed fonr yeura
of Profeenional study as required b; the
College i of having attained the age of
twenty-one jears ; of instrnction and pro-
ficiency in the practice of Vacciuation,
signed bj a Vaccinator appointed oi' re-
cognised bjthB Local OovcnimeDt Boardj
of having attended not lese than twenty
Labours; and of having discharged the
duties of Clinical Clerk, and perrormed the
duties of Dresser, for periods of not li'ss
than three months. A testimonial of
moral character is required of every can-
didate. Blank forms of the repaired rer-
tificat«B of attendance on HospiUl Fracttce
■nd on Lectures may he obtained on
nppUcation at tha College, Any candi-
date who shall produce satisfactory evi-
dence of having passed an Examination on
Anatomy aod Physiology, conducted by
any of the bodies named in Schedule (A)
to the Medical Act. and recognised by the
College OS requiring a Canrse of study and
an Examination sulJefuctory to the Col-
lege, will be eiempt from re -E lamination
on the snbjtcta of the flrft Examination.
Any candidate who shall have obtained a
Degree in Medicine at a University recog-
niiad by the College, after a Conr^e of
study and an Eiaminatien satisfactory to
the College, shall be exempt from rc-Ei-
aminaSon on the subjects of tlie Primary
Examination. Any candidate who shall
have obtained a Degree in Hnrgery nt a
Univerfiity in the United Kingdum, after
a Course of stady und an Eiainim'^''
satisfactory to the College, will be ex
from re-Examination on Snigical Anat
and on the Principles and Practii
Surgery. Any candidate who shall have
paned the Examination on Bnrgery eon-
dncted by the Royal College of Soi^eon)
of England, or the Royal College of Sur-
geon* of Edinburgh, or the Royal College
of Surgeons in Ireland, nfter a Course of
study and an Examination satisfactory to
the College, will be exempt from re-
Examtnation on Surgical Anatomy, and on
the Principles and Practice of Surgery.
Any " Begietcred Medical Practitioner,"

whose qualification or qnaliGcatioas shall
have been obtained before the Ist day of
January, 1361, having been, with the con-
sent of the College, admitted a candidate
for the Licence, will be esamined on the
Principles and Practice of Medicine, Sur-
gery, and Midwifery; but ho will be
exempted from such other parts of the
Piofeaiional Eiamlnations as his qanlifica-

I the Exa

The Fee

tor the College Licence is Fifteen Oniaeaa,
of which Five Guineas are to be paid on
admission to the first Examination, which
fee wUI not be returned to any candidato
rejected at this Einmination, hut will he
allowed in the fee for the Licence, and he
ill he admitted to one enbaeqiient first
xamination without the payment of an
additional fee. Any candidiite who shall
be rejected at the second or Faaa Exami-
nation will have the fee paid on admlsaion
to this Examination returned to him, less
Three Quineoa.

KOTAL COLLESB OF StTBOEONH j

EK9PBCTISQ THE BDCCA- ]

Preliminary General Education and
Examinatioa. — I, Candidates who com-
menced their Proressional Education on
or after the 1st of January, 1861, will be
required to produce one or other of the
following certificates:—!. Of Graduation
in Arts at a University recognised for this
purpose. The following are the Universi-
ties at present recognised — viz. Oxford.
Cambridge, Dublin, London, Durham,
Qneon's University in Ireland, Edlnbnrgh,
Olnagow, Aberdeen, and St Andrew^s;
Calcntta, Madraa. and Bombay ; Canada —
McGill College, Montreal, end Queen's
College, Kingston. 2. Of having passed
an Examination for Matriculation, or such
other Eiamination as shall, in either rase,
from time to time, be sanctioned by the
Council of this College, at a University in
the United Kingdom, or at a Colonial or
Foreign U Diversity recognised by the
Council of this aUege. The following
are the Exumiimtlons at present recog-
nised under this Clause (No. £)— viz. Ox-
ford — Responaiona or Moderation a. Local
Examinations, Senior and Junior, the cer-
tificates to include Latin and Mathe-
matics; Cainbridge — Previons Examioa-
tion. Local Examination, Senior
Jnnior, the certiQcntca to include Li
and Mathematics ; Oxford and Cambrii

atiu i

idgs J

r

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

" ScLoola EiaminntioD Board " — the cn-
tiflcatea to include the several gnbjecta
requireii in the PrelimiiiBry Bittmination
of tba CoUegej Dublin— En Iran co Kinmi-
nationj London — Matriculation Emmina-
tion ; Dnrham — Examination of Stadants
in Arta in tbeir aeoond nod first yean.
Locul Eiaminationa, Senior and Junior,
tha certiflcatea to include Latin and
Mathematics ; Eegiatrntioii Eiaminatlon
foe Medical Stndcuti ; Quten'B Univarsity
in Ireland — Two yenra" Arts CoursB for
Diploma of Licflutiata iu Art«, Prolimi-
nnry Examinalions at end oE B.A. Conrse,
Locol Eiaminationa, the certifloates to
include Lutin and MathamnticB, Mu-
triculatios Examinations i Edinburgh,
Aberdeen, Qlaagow, and St Aniitew'a—
Prelim in arjr or aitrn-Profesaional Ei-
aminatioDB for Graduation iu MediBine;
Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay — Matri-
ooLition Examinations; Canadn — Queen's
College, Kingston, Matticnlatlon Exami-
nation, Preliminary Examination of Stu-
dents in Medicine! McOill College,
Montreal, Bl shop's Collage, Montrenl,
Uiiiveraity of Trinity College, Toronto,
TTQiversity College, Toronto, Victoria Col-
lage, Toronto, University of LstbI ;
Quebec — Matriculation Examination* ;
Novft^ Scotia— King's College, Windsor
Matriculation Examination, Keiponiions
New Brunswick, Fredericton, Matricula'
tion Eiamiuation ; DfllbousiB College and
University, Halifai— Matriculation Ex-
amination; Australia — Melbourne, Matri-
culation Eiamiuation, witli a certitlcBte
that the student baa passed an Examini
tion in Latin; Sydney, Matriculation E:
amination j Adelaide, South Anstraliau
Institute. Cape of Oood Hope, Univer-
sity of — Matriculation Examination.
New York— Belle Vue Hospital Medical
College, Matricnlaticin Examination. 3.
Of having passed the Preliminary Exami-
nation for the FellowsLip of this College,
4. Of bnvlng passed the Preliminary
Examination of tbe Itojal Colleges of
Sargeons in Ireland and of Edinhnrgh, or
of the Faculty of Phyeidans and Surgeons
of QlaagDw. 5. Of having pa,ssed tbe
Examination in Aits of the Society of
Apothecaries of London or of the Apothe.

toariea' Hall of L^Iand. 6. Of baving
passed the first-class Examination of the
Royal College of Preceptors. 7, Of
having obtained the Testamur of the Cod-
rington College, Barbadoce. 8. Of bav-
ing obtained the Degree of Associate of
Arts granted by the Tosmanian Council of
Education, with a certlflcnte that the

student 1ms been examined in Latiu and
Mathematics. 9. Of baling passed the
Voluntary Examinatious of Cbrisfs Col-
lege, Canterbury, Now Zealand, the cer-
tificate to include all the subject*
required from time to time in the Fre-
Itmiaary Eiamination of the CuUege.

II. — Candidates who shalt not ba able to
produce one or other of the foregoing cei- .j
tiScates, will be required tu pass an 1
Examination in English, Classics, and I
Mathematics, eondncted by tbe Board alM
Eutmiuers of the Eoyal CoU^e of Fiw

ceptora, under the direction and ■

vision of this College.

The following are tbe aabjecta of the^
Examination referred to in tbe f

paragraph :
Writing fnii

dictation. 3. English gram-
English composition. 4. Arith-
metic. 5. Oeography. 6. Eiigliab history,
7. Euclid. 8. Algebra. 9. Latin.

Pabt IL— Optional mbjeoii.—l. Eadij
candidate must undet^ Examination a
one at least of the following subjects: — (1,
Greek. (3,) French. (3.) Getmaa. (4,, ^
Mechanics. (B.) Chemistry. (0.) Botui];.'
ami Zoology,

(N.B. — Each candidate {aha hat not at
a pmioui ExamiHniion paid fha amoiMt)
Is required to pay a fee of £Z on the
morning of tbe first day of bis Examina*
tion, prior to bis admission tbcreto. Par-
ticnlnrs respecting the Examination will
be duly advertiaeil in tbe Journals. Can-
didates are required to seud in the pre-
ibed form of application not less than
tbrce weeks before tbe commencomeut of
the Examination.)

Note. — A caitdidatt in order to qvalijjf

r the Fellowikip U required, in addilioit

to the ntbjeoii included in Fart I, io pait

Greek, and in FitMBh or Qarman, ani

one, at hii option, <ff the

la in Fart U.

Frofeiaional Hdaeation. — I.—ria(a- \
)oal studies prior to tbe date at wbich
tbe oandidate shall have passed an ~
tion in General Knowledge, in confor-
it^ with the regulation in the preceding
:tion, are not recognised.
II. — Tbfl following will be considered
the commencement of Professional
Education : — 1. Attendance on the Prao-
if a Hospital or other Public Institu-
tion recognised by this College for that
purpose. 3. Instruction as tbu I'upil of a
legally qualified Surgeon, holding the

i

i o£ Surgeon to a Hospital,
. ral Mspensary, or Uuiou WorkhouBe,
or where Buch Dppartnnltiea of practical
instroDtion are afforded as ehaU be eatis-
factor; to the Cuuncil. 3. Atteadance on
Lectures on Anatomy, Phjaiologj, or
Chemiatr;, by Lcctnrcra reco^sed by
UuH College.

The oommeiteemettt of Profeaiioiial
iludg, otherioiSB lian iy allendaace oa
IitoluTa in recognised Medical Schools, or
by attendanuB on tie Practice of recog-
nued ffotpitalt, tciU not be admitted until
a etrliftcati thereof shall be fvmiahed to
the Seeretarii for registration at the Col-
Uge, by the Practitioner v>hose pupil the
eaadidate shall hara beeotae, or by the
Medieal Superintendent of the Mospital or
other Institution to the practice of toiich
he ikaU have entered i and will, cb
guently, dale only from the receplioi
such cerlifieale by the Secretary, the
iifleale to be accompanied by proof of
having passed the necesaarg Prelimiaary
Sxami»ation in General Knoialedgv.

III. — Candiilntes will be required
prodnee the (ollomng oertiBoates, viz.-
Of being tweiity-one yeara of ago. 2. Of
having boeu engaged gubaequently to the
date of poising the PrsliiniDary Examinu-
tioD, during four yeSiri, or during a period
eitciiding over not leaathim four Winter
and four Summer Sesbioas, in tlie acquire-
ment of ProfeBsionul knowledge. 3. Of
baviug attended LecCorea on Anatomy
during two Winter Sessions. 4. Of hav-
ing performed Digsectioag daring not less
tbiui tiro Winter SeEEions. 5. Of having
attended Lcctarca on General Anatomy
ftwid Pbjgiology during one Winter Sea-
ilon. S. Of huving attended a Practical
DoDTBe of General Anatomy and Physio-
Flogy during another Winter or a Summer
Sesaion, conaiating of not less than thirty
meetings of the class. 7. Of having at-
tended Lectures on Surgery during one
Winter Session. 8. Of having at-
tended a Course of Fractirul Surgery
daring a period occupying not less than
*ix months prior or subsequent to Clio
Conrae required by the preceding Clause
7. 9. Of having attended one Course of
Lectures on each of the following Eubjccts
— viz. Chemittry, Materia Medica, Medi-
dne. Forensic Medicine, Midwifery (with
praeticol inatruction, and a certificate of
having personally condncted not less than
ten Labours). Pathological Anatomy dur-
ing not less than tbtee months. 10. Of
having studied Practical Pharmacy during
thne mouths. 11. Of having attended a

3pe SI I

three mouths' Course of Practical Chem-
istry (with Manipulations], in its applica-
tion to Medical Study. 13. Of instruc-
tion and proficienc}' in Che practice of
Vaccination. 13. Of havinf; attended, at
a recognised Moapital or Hospitals, the
Practice of Surgery during three Winter
and two Summer Sessious. 14, Of hav-
ing been individually engaged, at least
twice in each week, in the oloervHtian and
Eiamination of Patients, at a recogmHed
Hospital or Hospitals, andec the direction
of a recognised Tctcber, during not less
than three months. 15. Of having sub-
sequently to the first Winter Session of
Attendance on Surgical Hospital Practice,
attended at a recognised Hospital or Hos-
pitals, CUnical Lectnrcs on Surgery, dur-
ing two Winter and two Summer Ses-
sions. 16. Of having been a Dresser at a
recognised Hospital, or of having, snbac-
quetitly to the completion of one year's
Professional education, taken charge of
patients under the superintendence of a
surgeon during not lesa than six months,
at a, Hospital, General Dispenaary, or
Parochial or Union InSrmary recogniaed
for this purpose, or in such other similar
manner as, in the opinion of the Council,
shall afford sufficient opportunity for the
acquirement of Practical Surgery. 17.
Of having attended during the whole
period of attendance on Snrgical Hospital
Practice (see Clause 13) Demonstrations in
the post-mortem noma of a recognised
Hospital. 18. Of having attended, at a
recognised Hospital or Hospitals, the Prac-
tice of Medicine, and CUnical Lectores on
Medicine, during one Winter and one
Sommer Session,

ffbiice.— Claiiaea G, fl, 11, li, and 17,
together with the Courses of Lectures on
Forensic Medicine and Pathological Ana-
tomy mentioned in Clause 6, are applicable
to candidates who commenced their Profes-
aional Education on or after the Ist of
October, 1870.

(N.B, — Blank forms of the required cer-
tificates may be obtained on application to
the secretary, and all necessary certificates
will be retained at the College.)

BECTion III

I. — Certificates will not be received on
more than one branch of Science from one
and the same Lecturer i bnt Anatomy and
Dissections will be considered oa one branch
of Science.

11. — Certificates will not be recognised
from any Hospital in the United Kingdom
unless the Surg«one thereto be Members of i

I

6S

MEDICAL SDUCATIOlI AND PRACTICE

one of tbe legall; conetitnted Colleges of
Surgeons in tbe Daited Emgdom ; i
from aaj School of An&tomy nnd Pliji
logj or Miiiwifery, mii«Ba tlie teiiohers
BQch school be Memben of some legally
conatitutad College of Phyaici
geona in the Unitod KiiiBdoi
Buy School of Surgery, unless the ti^achers
iti such school be Members of one o
legally C0Tiititut«d Colleges of Surgec
the Unibed EiDgdom.

III. — No Metropolitan Hospital will he
recogoiacd by this College which contains
leie Uinn 160, and no Provincial or Colo-
nial Hospital which contains less than 100
patients.

IV. — The recognition of Colonial Hog.
pitala and Schools is governed by the lamc
regulations, with respect to number of
patients and to Canrtes of Lectures, as
apply to tbe reci^nition of Provincinl Hos-
pitals and Schoale in England.

V. — Certificates of attendance upon the
Practice of a recogniaed Provincial or Colo-
nial Hospital unconnected with, or not in
ConTenientproximity to, a recognised Medi-
cal School, will not he received for more
than one Winter and one Summer Session
of the Hospital attendance required by the
regulations of this College; and in >uch
cases Clinical Lectures will not
sary, but a cerlifieali of havitig
Dreiierfor aptriod of at leatl six mont&t
teill be required.

TI. — Certificates will not be received
from candidates who have studied in Lon.
don, unless they shall have registered at
the College their curds of admission to
attendance on Lectures and Hospital Prac-
tice within fifteen days from the com-
mencement of the Session ; nor from candi-
dates who have studied in the Provincial
Schools in England, unless their nam
shall be duly returned from their rospeeti
Schools. (N.B.— At their first registntti
in October, caudldutea will be required
produce a certiScate of having passed o
or other of the preliminary Er-—'--"-

1 general knowledge recognised by this
College.)

Vli.— Those candidates who shall have
pursued the whole of their stodies
Scotland or Ireland, will he admitted
Examination upon tl^e production of the
several certificates required respectively by
the College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the
Facnlty of Pbysicians end Surgeons of
Glasgow, and the College of SargeoE
Ireland, from candidates for their Dipli

tioD I and sntisractnry evidence of having
been occopied, subsequently to the date of
passing the Preliminary Eiamination, at
least four years, or during a period extend-
ing over four Winter and four Sammar
Sessions, in the acquirement of Professional
knowledge; and in the case oF candidates
who shall have pursued the whole of their
studies at recogniaed Foreign or Colonial
nnirersities, upon the production of the
several cei'tificates required for their De-
gree by tbe authorities of such nniversities,
together with a certificate of instruction
and proficiency in tiie practice of Vaccina-

passing the Preliminary Examinatic
least four years, or during a period extend''
ing over fonr Winter and four Summat'i
Sessions, in the acquirement of Profesaioi
knowledge.

VIII. — Members or Licentiatei of
legally constituted College of Surgeons
the United Kingdom, and Oradaates
Surgery of any University recognised
this purpose by this College, will be »d-
niitbed to Examination on producing their
Diplomn, Licence, or Degree, together with
proof of being twenty-one years oi age.

-J

certificate of instruction and proficiency in
the practice of Vaccination, and satisfac-
tory evidence of having been occupied, sub-
sequently to the date of passing the Pre-
liminary Eiamination, at least four years,
or during a period extending over four
Winter and four Summer Sessions, ia tbe
acquirement of Professional knowledge.

IX. — Graduates in Medicine of any
legally constituted College or University
recognised for this purpose bythis College,
will be admitted to Examination on addao-
ing, together with their Diploma or Degree,
proof of being twentj-one years of age, a
certificate of instruction and proflciencyin i
the pi-actico of Viicoination, and satlslae-J
tory evidence of having been occnpied>,l
subwquently to the date of passing thft ■
Preliminary EiBmination, at least fonr'1
years, or during a period extending over 9
four Winter and four Summer Sessions, in .1
tbe acquirement of Professional knowledge. I

8BCTI0H TV

Profanional Eixamiiiatioii. — This Ex-
amination is divided into two par
The fir^t. or Primary Examination, on
imy and Physiology, is partly v
ind partly demonstrative on the recently
dissected subject, and on prepared parts
of the human body. 2. The second, or
Pass Examination, on Surgical Anatomj ^

the Principles nud Practice of
f Bwgory and Medicinp, is partly written,
partly oral, mid partlj an the Practical
nan of Sargtcal Apparataa, and the Frac-
tioal Eiamimttion of Patieota. 3. Tlie
Primary Eiamiuattona are held in the

■ montha of Janunry, April, May, Jalj,
and Novemlicr, and the Pass Eiamlnatiaas
generally in the eDaning week respec-
tively. 4. Candidatea will not be admit-
ted to the Primary Eiamiuation nntil
after the teraiination nf the Second Winter
SessioD of their uttendance at a recogniaed
Bchool or Schools; nor to the Pass, or
Snrgical Examination, until aflier the ter-
^^^^ miuation of the fourUi year of their pro-
^^^B fnsianal edacation. 5. The Fee of Five
^^^■< Oaineag, paid prior to the Primary Exami-
^^^V- nation, and albwed on the whole Fee
^^^F of Twenty'two Founds payable for the
l)iploma, ia retained; and after any two
consecutive failures at the Frimary Fi-
aminaUon, the candidate ia rcqaired to
pB^ an additio»al Fee of Five Guineas
prior to being again admitted to that Ex-
amination, which additional Fee ia nlao
letained. 6. Five Guineas, part of the
Bom of Sixteen Founds Fifteen Shillings,
the balance of tbe whole Fee dne for the
Diploma, and paid prior to the Puss Ex-
amination, U retuned ; and after any tw(i
conieoutive failures at the Pass Examina-
tion, the candidate is required to pay an
addHiotial Fee of Five Guineas prior to
being again admitted to the said Pass
Eiamination, which additioaai Fee ia also
Tetaiaed. T. A candidate having entered
his name for either the Primary or Paae
Examination, vrbo ahall fail to attend the
meeting of the Court for which he shall
have received a caid, will not be allowed
to present himself for Examination within
the period of three raontha from the date

■ at which be shnli have so failed to attend.
8. A can^duto referred on the Primary
. Bxumination is required, prior to
admissioa to re-Examination, toprodi
certificate of the performance of Di
tioDS during not leas than three months
Bubsequently to the date of his referenc
9. A candidate referred on the Paaa E^
amination ia required, prior to his ndmi

I (Son to re- Examination, to produce
^Certificate of at least aii months' further
Mteodanoe on the Snrgical Practice of a
recognised Hospital, together with Lec'
tores on Clinical Surgety, aubeeqnently tt
the date of hU reference.

BELAIISa I

BIPLOKi. O

Pfelimiitafy Examination. — I. Candi-
datea will be retfuired to produce one
other of the following certificates
Testamurs, vii.:— 1- Of Graduation ia
Arts at a University recognised for this
purpose. The following are the Univer-
sitiea at present recognised, vi^i. : — Oxford,
Cambridge, Dublin, London, Durham,
Queen's University in Ireland, Edinburgh,
Glasgow, Aberdeen, and St. Andrew's,
Calcutta, Mudraa, and Bombay. Canada
— McGiU College, Montreal, and Queen's
College, EiiigstoD. A certificate or Tes-
of Graduation in Arts at a Foreign
rsity, on the special recommendation
of the Court of Examiners, approved hy
the Council. 2. Of having passed such
Examinations in Arts aa shall from tima
rcqnired for Graduation in
Medicine by a University recognised for
this purpose. The following afe the Uni-
versities at present recognised, vii. ; —
Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, London, and
Durham.

(N.B.— Jn the caie of Ihe Uitiveriifg of
Loadon, the cerUjicate of having pasted
the MatHcitiation Examtnation mutt oon-
idejKS that the candidate patted i»
Qreek atid in French or Qennan, is
Idiiioa lo the leneral contpuUory tubjeett
■mprised in the Eaajaittation.)
II. — Candidates who ahall not be able to
produce one or other ofthe foregoing ctrtifi-
eatea will he required to pass an Examioa-
tiOD in EogUsb, Classics, and Itfnthematica,
conducted by the Board of Examiners of
the Hoyal College of Preceptors, under
the direction and supervision of the
Conncil of the College. The following
--e the auhjccts of the Examinations rs-
rred to in the foregoing paragraph :
Pabt I. Comtpultoty tnhjeclt. — 1. Writ-
ing from dictation. 2. English grammar.
3. English compositian, 4. Arithmetic. 6.
Geography, 6. English history, 7> Euclid.
8. Algebra. 9. Latin. 10. Greek. 11. French
or German, at the option of the candidate.
Pabt II, Optional tu&Jecle. — One of the
following subjects most be taken at the
least;— 1. Mechanics. 2, Chemistry. 3.
Botany and Zoology.

(N.B.— Each candidate [who has not
already paid tlie amount] is required to
pay a Fee of Two Fonnds on the inorninK
of the first day of the Examination, pri'
thereto. Piiriieulara i

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Bpecting the EinmiDation will he dalj
adrertisGd in tlie jonru&ls. Candidatea arc
reqnli'ed to Bend in the preecrilied forma
of npplicntion not Uis than three irceliB
before the commence me ut of the Eiiimi-

Note. — Candidalei mho palled, prior to
(1» 1»( of January, 1870, an Examination
reeognind as equitaUnt lo the Freliminary
Exasdaation for the Diploma of Memier,
will bt required iit order to qualify for ike
Felloathip (a paii in Algebra, Greek,
aKd Frmeh or German, included in Fart I,
and in one, at their option, of the mbjeeli
included in Furl II of the foregoing Ex-
aminations tad thoie who paiied, ishse-
queatl}/ lo the lit of Januarg, 1870, an
Sxaminaiion egnnalent to that required
for the Memberiiip, arill have to pan m all
the aforetaid lubjacii excepting Algebra,
ahen the certtjlcate shall contain ecidenea
that this lait rubjecl mas motuded tn the
fint-named Examination

SrECiAi Notice — In the case of caadi
dates, natives of India, the certificateg
of having passed the Matrienlntion Ex-
aminations of tho nuivereities of Cnlcutta,
Madras, and Bombay, will be recogniied
aa equivalent to the forogaing Preliminarf
Examination, provided that thej eontsin
evidence thnt, in addition to tho compal-
■ory sabjeets thereof, tho oandidnte paased
in Latio, and, in lion of Qreck, in one of
the Bnatem languagea comprised ia the
lists of snhjecta isaned from time to time
b; the respective Uuiveriitica.

BBraiOlf II

Frofesiional Education, — I. Except
the cases and instancea hereiimfter pro-
vided for to the contrary, every cnndidato
for ndmiaslon to the Firat or Anatomical
and Physiological Euminatiou for tho Fel-
lowship ia required to produce the folloiv'
ing certificates, viz. . — 1. Of having pasBed
the Preliminar; Examination appointed by
the Council, or snch other Exainination as
the Conncil may from time to time deter-
mine to be equivalent thereto. 8. Of
having studied Practical Pharmacy during
three months. 3. Of having attended Lee-
tnrea on Anatomy during two Winter See-
aioua at a recognised School or ScIidoIb.
4. Of having performed Disa^ctioas at a
recognised School or Schools during three
"" ' r Sessions. 6. Of having' attended
'es on Qeneral Anatomy and Fhy.
jplogy during one Winter Session at a re-

'Tnised School. 6. Of liaving attended e
uitical Course of General Anatomy and

Widology daring another Winter

Summer Session, consisting of not less
than thirty meetings of tho ctaaa at a iccog-
niaed School. 7. Of having attended one
Course of Loi^tures on Comparative Ana-
tomy, one Course of Lectarea on Che-
mistry, and a three montlia' Course of
Pi'actical Chemistry (nith Manipnlations),
in its application to Medical study, at a re-
cognised School or Schools.

II. Except in the cases and instances
hereinafter provided for to the con-
trary, every candidate before his ad-
mission to the second Profetaional Ex-
amination ia required to produce the fol-
lowing certificates, viz. ; — 1. 01 being
tweuty-five yeara of nge. 2. Of having
been engaged for six years in the acquire-
ment of Professional knowledge in Hos-
pitals or Schools of Anatomy, Surgery, and
Medicine, recognised by the Conncil of the
College for that purpose; or, if the candi-
date lie already a Member of tho College,
ho shall produce certificates of having hoen
engaged for tn'o years in tbo acquirement
of I'rofeaaionat knowledge in recogniaed
HoBpitala and Schools, in addition to the
certificates required for the Diploma of
Member. 3, Of having attended Lectures
on Surgery, during one Winter Session, at
a recogniaed School. 4. Of having at-
tended a Course of Practical Surgery
during a period occupying not \eu than
sii months prior or subaequent to the
Course required hy the preceding Clanse
(No. 3) at a recognised School. 5. Of having '
attended at one or more recognised School
or Sdiools, one Course of Lectures on each
of the following snlijectB, viz.: — Materia
Medica, Medicine, Forensic Medicine, Mid-
wifery (with Practical instruction, and a
ccrtiQcate of having personally conducted
not less than ten Ijabonrs), Pathological
Anatomy during not leas than throe months.
6. Of having performed Opecatlona on the
dead body under the suporintendence of a
recognised teacher. 7- Of tnatcuction and
proficiency in the practice of Vaccination.
8. Of having attended the Surgical Prac-
tice of a recOKnised Hospital or Hoepitala
during four Winter and four Summer Sea-
sions, and the Medical Practice of a recog-
nised Hospital or Hospitals during one
Winter and one Summer Session. 9. Of
having beeu individoally engaged, at least
twice in each week, in the ohaervation and
Examination of patients at a recognised
Hoapital or Hoapitals, under the direction
of a recognised teacher, during not leas
than three months. 10. Of havingattanded
Clinical Lectures on Surgery during two
Winter and two Summer Sessions, and

I

D Medictits daring o

I

Clmicnl Lectures
^Vmter uid ono S
more reoognised Hospital or HospitaU. 11.
Of haTing attended, during three Winter
and two Summer Sesaions, dcmoDstratioss
in the Post-mortem Rooina ot a recogiLisBd
Hospital. 13. Of Laving aflrvcd the office
of House Surgeon or Dresser, fop not less
than-six mouths, in a recognised Hospital.

III. In tlie cnse of a cfliididate who shall
have taken b; Eiamiuatiou the Degree of
Bachelor or Muster of Arts in any Uni-
versity in the United Kingdom recognised
by the Council for this purpose, it shall be
sufficient for him to produce a certificnto
or certificates thnt ho lias been engaged for
five years (instead of sii years) in the ac-
quirement of Professional knowledge iu
Hospitals or Schools of Anatomy, Surgery,
and Medicine, recognised by the Council of
the College for that purpose.

IV. Any Member of the College shall,
aftertheeipirationof eight years from the
date of bis Diploma, he entitled to be ad-
mitted to the t^ofeesional Eiaminatians for
the Fellowship upontheprodnctioDof a cer-
tificate, signed by three Fellows, that he
has been for eight years in the practice of
the profession of Surgery, and that he is
a fit and proper person to be adiuitted a
Fellow if upon Eiamination he shttll be
found qnaliSed.

Frofeitiotal ExatniJiationa. — 1, The Ex-
aminations are held twice in the year, in
the months of May and November, and ut
each other times as the Council may ap-
point. 2. The Eiaminatious occupy not
less than two days, either eucccBsive or at
BQcll intervals as the Court ot Examiners
may appoint. 3. The lirst Examination
on Anatomy and Physiology, is partly
written and partly oiod voae, on the re-
cently dissected subject and on prepared
parts of the human body j the secoi ' "
a 01 illation, on P.ithology. TUempeutl .
the Principles and Practice of Surgery and
Medicine, is partly written, partly vivd voce,
and partly on the practical use of Surgical
Apparatus, and includes the Examination
of patients, and Operations on the Dead
Body. 4. Prior to his admission to th(
First or Anatomical and Physiological Ex-
amination, the candidate is required tc
pay — a. A Fee of Five Guineas, to be al-
lowed on the Fee for the Diploma of Fel-
low, but to be retained in ease of rejection .
6. Prior to his admission to the second
Professional Examination, the candidate ii
required U) pay—a. A Fee of Five Quineat

(if a Member) over and above all charges
for stamps, to be retained iu cose of re-
jection, b. A Fee of Twenty-five Guineas
(if not a Member) over and above all
charges for stimps, of which Five Guineas
will be retained in case of rejection. 6. A
candidate who^e qualifications shall be
found insufficient on bis Anatomical and
Pbysiolo^cal Examination shall be referred
and shall not he allowed to present himself
for ro-Eiamination until after the expira-
tion of six months from the date of his
reference. 7. A candidate whose qualifi-
cations shall be found insafficient upon his
Pathological and Surgical Eiamlnatian
tluill be referred, and shall not be allowed
to present himself for re- Examination, until
after the expiration of one year from the
date of his reference, uoleas the Court of
Examiners shall othcrwiae determine.

Ill — SOCIBTT 01 ArOIHBQABIBB

Every candidate for a cer1»ficate of quali-
fication to practise as an Apothecary will
bo required to produce testimouiaU — 1. Of
hating passed a Preliminary Examination
in Arts aa a teat of general education.
This E lamination must be pussed before
tlie commencotneul ot Pro/easioHal ilHdiet,
which is deHued by the Medical Council
" to be the time ot commencing tludia at
a Medical School." 2. Of having attained
tbe fall age of twenty-one years, of which
satisfactory evidence will be required.
3. Of goodmoral conduct. 4. A certificate
of three months Practical Pharmacy from
some recognised Hospital or Dispensary, or
from a qualified Medical Practitioner (the
apprenticeship not bdng required). 5. Of
having pursued a Course of Medical study
in conformity with tbe regulations of the

COITBBK OS SHJBS

Every candidate must attend the follow- i
ing Lectures and Medical Practice duringS
not less than three Winter and twqsT
Summer Sessional each Winter Bosiiou t(
consist of not less than six months, and tofl
commence not sooner than the 1st, :
later than the 15th, of October; sad ei
Summer Session to extend from the 1st 01
May to the 31st of July.

First year. — Winter Settion — Chemistij' J
Anatomy and Physiology, Dissectioni* «
Sumaer Ssjiio n— Botany, Materia Medi«l
and Therapeutics, Practical Chemistry.

Second year. — Winter Seiiian — An.
tomy and Physiology, including DiiseatiM
and DemoustoiUonB ; Principles and P)

66

MEDICAI. KDDCAnON AND PBACTICE

tice of Medicine J Cliuical Meelicfll Practice.
Summer Seaiion — Midwjforjr aud Diaeasee
of Women and Children, aDdYBceiiiatioii;
Foreasic Medicine and Toiicologj, Clinical
Medical Practice.

Third year. — Winter Setaion — Principles
and Practice of Medicine, Clinical Mcilical
Lectorea, Morbid Anatomy, Clinical Medi-
cal Practice.

All Medical students presenting them-
selves for the second Examination shall
prodocB evidence of having served the office
of Clinical Clerk, nt a recognised Hospital,
daring the period of aii weeha at least;
and ^so shall produce evidence tliat they
have been eiamined at the Class Exami-
nations instituted by the various Lecturers
and Professors of their respective Medical
Schools and CoIlegeB.

^ All students arc required perionalig to
,' register the several tickets of admission to
Lectures and Medical Practice within the
Srst fifteen days of tlie months of October

and Ml

ij-

I

Profeiiionat Examinalioni. — ThaCourt
of Examiners meet in the hall every
Wednesday and TlinradHy, where all can-
didates are reqnired to attend at 4.30
p.m. each day. Every person intending
to offer himself for Eismination must
give notice in writing to the Clerk of the
Society on or before the Monday previous
to the day of Examination, and must at the
Mme time deposit all the required testimo-
nials, and the Foe, at the office of the
beadle, where attendance is given every
flay, except Sunday, from 10 to 4 o'eloeV,
Saturdays, 10 to 2. The Biamination of
candidates is divided into two ports, and is
conducted partly in writing and partly
vivi voce. The written and Clinical Ex-
amination will take plarc on Wednesdays,
and the vUid voce Examination on Thurs-
days. Theflrst Examination, which may he
passed after the second Winter Session, em-
braces the ibllowing'subjecte ; — The British
Fharmacopccia ; Latin of Physicians' Pre-
Beriptions; Anatomy and Physiology; Ge-
neral and Practical Chemistry ; Botany and
Materia Medica. Second, or Pass Eiami.
nation, at the teroiination of the Medical
studies :— Principles and Practice of Medi-
cine ; Pathology ; Therapeutics ; Midwifery,
including the Diaeat^es of Women and
Children ; Forensic Medicine and Toxi-
cology.

All Orsdnates in Medicine of British Uni-
versities will ha admitted to a Clinical and
Practical Examination in the Practice of
Medicine and Midwifery only.

ticentiatea of the Bojol College of Phy

eicians, London ; of the Royal College of
Physicians, Edinhurgh; of the King and
Queen's College of Physicians, Ireland;
of the Faculty of Physicians and SargeonB,
Glasgow; and of the Apothecaries' Hall,
Duhlin, will ho admitted to a Clinical
and Practical Eiamination in the Practice ■
of Medicine, Midivifery, Forensic Medicine,
nnd Toxicology.

Any candidate who bns passed his first
Examination for the licence of the Royal
College of Physicians, London; the licence
of the King and Queen's College of Pliy
aictans, Ireland ; the joint licence of the
Hoyal College of Physicians and Surgeons,
Edinburgh! or for tlie single lioenca of
the Royal College of Physicians, Edin-
burgh; the Licence of the Faculty of Pliy-
sicians and Snrgeons, Glasgow ; the 6rat
PrufcBsional Examination for the Degree of
M.U., or Master in Surgery in the Univer-
sities of Ox lord, Cambridge, or Ltmdont
or the second part of the Professional
Examination for the Degree of M,B„ of
Master in Surgery, in the Universities of
Edinburgh, Aberdeen, St. Andrew's, and
Qlasgow; or the firat Examination for the
Medical or Surgical Degrees in the Irish
Univeraitiea ; or the first Examination for
the Licence of the Apothecaries' Company,
Dublin, will bo admitted to a single Ex-
amination in Anatomy and Materia Medica
(to those candidates who have not under-
gone an Examination in those auhjccts},
Practice of Medicine, Pathology, Thera-
peutics, Midwifery, Forensic Medicine, and
toiicology, part of which Einmiuation will
be conducted in writiog.

Memhers of the Royal College of Sur-
geons, England; Licentiates of the Boyal
Culicgo of Surgeons, Edinburgh; and Li-
centiates of the Koyal College of Surgeons,
Ireland; and all candidates who have passed
the first Anatomical Examination of the
Royal College of Surgeons, London; the
Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh;
and the Royal College of Surgeons, Ire-
land, are exempt from leriling on Amitomy
and Physiology onlff in their first Exami-
nation.

Candidates who were apprenticed before
the 1st August, 185 S, and those student)
who commenced their Hospital attendance
on or before the 1st October, IBSl, will be
admitted to a vieii voce Examination on the
following subjects:— In translating Phy-
sicians' Prescriptions, in such parts of Che-
mistry and Materia Mcdica as bear npon
the Practice of Mediiioe, and on Toxico-
logy, in Forensic Medicine, Visceral Ana-
tomy, the Practice of Medicine, including

I

I
I
I

Women and Cliildren, and in
midwifery.

"" _ 'Ified candidateSjUnlossTBgiatered,
will be required ta prodnce their Diploma.

Tlie Eiamlnotion of cuadidatea for cer-
tificates of qunlification to act as AaBiatant,
in compo'inding und dispensing Mcdioiues,
is BS tollawa : —Id traneUting Plijeiciaii&'
FrescripUans, in tbe Britiah Fliarmacnpoaia,
Pharniaoy, Piiarmaosutical Chemiatrj,
Materia Medicn, and Medical Botany.

Ho rejected candidate far the licence can

I re-SxamiiiEd untilthe expiration of six
■UOnths jiom bia former Examination. A
BBndidate rejected on hia Gret Fror^aaional
'*' miuationeaubcaduultedtore-Eiamina-
after the eipiratiau of three months.
No rejected candidate as an Aesiatant can
tie re-Examined antil the expiration of three
months.

lia. — For a certilcate of qoalifieation
to practise. Six Giuineaa, half of which ia
retained in eaae of rejection, to he accoanted
for at It aabaeqnent Examination. For the
first Examinaiion, Three Quineaaj which
■urn ia retained in case of rejection, and
acconnted for anbaequently.

The following are the Schools of Medi-
cine and Surgery in the United Kingdom,
Arranged alpliabetically :

TBK USrVBBSITY SOHOOl, OP Medicisb

Winter Session, commencing on October
29th — Anatomy, £3 3s. 1 PracUca,! Anatomy
and Demonstratlona, £2 2». ; Chemistry,
£3 3b. ; Institutfs of Medicine, £3 Sa. ;
Surgery, £3 Ss. ; Materia Medics, £3 3b. ;
Prtatiea of Medicine, £3 Ss.; Midwifery
■nd DiBeaaes of Women and (Jhildren,
£S 3b. i Zoology, with CompiiralJVe Ana.-
tomy, £3 3a.i Medical Logic and Medical
JuriiprndeDce, £3 3b.

Summer Session, commencing on the first
Honduy in May— HotHny, £3 8a.; Prac-
tical Anatomy and Demonatratione, £2 2a.;
Practical Chouiiatry, £3 33,; Zoology, with
CompaTstire Anatomy, £3 3s. ; Practical
Midwifery and Gynecology and Clini
Diseaies of Children, £2 gs.; Practical
Fhyaiology, £3 3i. ; Practical Pharmacy,
£Z2a.

The Anatomical Coarse in Summer in-
elodsB instmctiDQ in Histology and in the
■ue of the Microscope; and instruction in
OBteology for begimiera.

Uatricnlation Fee (including nil daos)
lot the Winter and Summer Seasiona, One

Pound. For the Summer Sessioa alone.
Ten Shillinga.

Pathological Anatomy, with Demonstra-
ina at Che Hospital, in Winter, £2 2a.;
Practical OplithalmolOBy, £1 Is. ; Practical
Toxicology, £1 Is.; Dental Surgery, in
Summer, £1 Is. 1 Royal Infirmary— Daily,
Perpetual Pee to Hospital Practice, £6 i or,
llrat year, £3 lOa.; Eecond year, £3; Clini-
cal Medicine, £3 3a. ; Clinical Surgery,
3s.; General Dispensary and Lying-iu
und Vaccine Inatitution — Daily ; Eye In-
stitution — Daily; and Royal Lunatic Asy-
lum. Alt free. I

BELFAST

QtTBES'a CoMiBan Mbbioai Sohool, PABI

OrTHBQOEBK'sUrllrEBSlTYIslEBLiHD

The Lectures of the Winter Session
commence on the 4th of November. The
LecturoBon Botany, Midwifery, and Mei-
cal Jurisprudence, and the Summer Courses
of Practical Cbeioistry and Eiperiruental
Physics, commence on the 3rd of May.

The Anatomical Booma ore open for the
whole day, and the atndenta are aided in
their Disaectiona by the Professor of Ana-
tomy and the Demonstrator.

The Eiaminntiona for Medical Scholar-
ships, tenable for one year, and of which
two sre swarded to stndenta of each year
of the Medical Course, commence on the
23rd of October.

Hei. — Anatomy and Physiology — Pirat
Course, £3 ; each subsequent Conrae, £E.
Demonstrations and Practical Anatomy —
eoch Course, £3. Practical Chemistry,
£3. Other Medical Lecturca — FirstCoorse,
£2 J eacli sabseqnent Conrae, £1.

ClUical ftsj.— A Winter Session, £5 Sa.;
a Summer Session, £2 Se.; Perjietnal Fee,
payuhle in two instalment', £10 10s. Hos-
pilal Fee, half a guinea for each Winter or
Summer Session. Lying-in Hospital: Fee
for six months, £2 2s.

BIRMINGHAM

QtrsEN's CoLLEOB Mesical School

Scholarships and Prizes are awarded
annually.

Feea, — The Composition Fee for nil tho
Leetares required by the Examining Boards
is Sixty Goincaa, payable by two equal in-
stalments.

Soipital Fracliee. — Arrangements hare
been made whereby all atudents of the
College attend the Clinical Lectures and
Practice at both the General and Qneen^ ,

UEDICAI. EQUCA.TION AND PBACTICE

Htnpibdg for a common Fee. The Pees
for Hospital Practica (Forty Guineas) are
to bo paid to Dr. Ricknrda, 100, Nowhnll-
Btreet, Hon. Secretary ta the Binningliaii]
Clinical Bonrd.

Junior Daparlatenl. — Tlie College com-
prises a Janior Departnient directed by the
Warden, to ennblo stadents to posa tlie
vnrioQS Mntriculatiou Exsmioatians in
general educatioo.

BRISTOL

Feia, — CliemiBtry, Pbyaiology, Anatomy,
Medicine, Surgery, Fivo QuinesB for each
Course} Midwifeiy, Comparntivo ADatomy,
Four Guineas for each Course j Botany,
Practicnl Physiology, Practical Clieinirtrj,
Materia Medioa,* Practical SurgErj,»Opflrtt-
livo Surgery. Pathology, Medical Juris-
prudence. Three Guineas tor each Coorse;
Hygiene, Two GuioeaB for each Course.

• For the two Courses in one payment,
Five Guineai.

Mtdical Tutor Fee. — Students of
Anatomy or Physiology are required to
pay a Medical Tutor Fee of Two Guineas

dissMt, on payment ol a fee of Thrw]
Guineas per Suesion, in addition t
Medical Tutor Pee.

Compoiiiion lit. — A Composttioi
of Siity Guineas is received, which entitlw i
the Student to the full Couraei of Leetawi '
required for the Degrees of the University
of London, and the Diplomas of the Roy^
College of Physicians, the Boyal College of
Surgeons (membersliip), tile Society of
Apothecaries, and the Army and Navy
Boards. The Feo incladoa inalzrnction by
the Medical Tutor for two years. Should
any student fail to attend any Course witli
aulHcient regularity, nuleaa from illness or
other cause deemed eatisraotory, he will
have to attend again, and to pay the Fee
for sach Course beyond what he hu
already paid in the Composition Pee.

Tlie Composition Fee may be paid in
one sum, at the eommencemeut of the Erst
Session j or in two instalments, of Forty -i
Onineaa, at the beginniug of thu firit j
Session, and Twenty Guineas at the begin* j
ning of the second Session

BOTAt

An Entrance Fee of Two Guineaa Ij} the 1
Infirmary, and Subscription of One Guinea -^
nnum to the Library,

SlK UODI

One Ycat.

d.

Medical Practice

Bnrgical Practice .770 . 12 13
Medical and Surgical Practice to-
gether, in ouo payment . , — . 21 .
The above Fees include Clinical Lectures.
Clinical Clerkahip . . .650. 880
Dressersliip . . . . 6 G f or each six montha.
Obstetric Clerkship . . .330 for each three months.

Medical Superintendent's resident pupil,
£315. This Fee inelodos five years' resi-
dence in the Infirmary and all attendance
on Medical and Surgical practice required
by the examining bodies ; it does not in-
clude a DresBcrship or CUnicul Clerkfihip.
Students may also enter as resident pupils
a shorter period, at the rate of Fifty

I the :

Extra Fee for Obstetric Clerk, Three '|
Guineas for three months.

Library Fee, One Guinea per ai

Resident pupils (including hoard, lodg^- j
ing^. and washing), £100 for the first year, I
£60 for each aubaeqnent year j or far Stb
years, with apprenticeship to the Hospital,
£260.

Connected with thia school are a Library-
containing 3000 volumes, and a Muaeom
of Pathology, Histology, and Matetift

CAMBRIDGE

University School of Medicine and Ad-

denbrooke's Hospital (120 beds). There

are ciceltent Chemical, Histological, and

Pathological Laboratories and Museums of

I

I
I

ktomjr, Patliolog;, and Hiatolosj at tlie
Colleges.

cipenaea at Cnmliridge, iocLading
^residence, Lectucus, &c., are about £150
bat these are in many
jned bj Scholarships, wliith ara verj
oatneroua, and obtainable by moat stndente
of indnatrj and ability. Some of tbese
SciiQlarahipfi nie given for proficiency in
Katarsl Science, and are open to compe-
tition to atadeuti who have not entered
tlie XTniversity. An Examination for one
or more ScholarahipB is held in Sidney
CoUegs in October, in Downing College in
May, in Trinity College in Easter week
(this is open to all undergraduateg of
Oxford and Cambridge), and in St. John's,
Clare, Cuius, Pembroke, and St. Peter's
CoU^ea !□ April or May. Information
lespeoting these Sdiolarships may be
ob^incd from the tutors of the rcspecti
Colleges.

CORK

t'B COILEQE MEBICAI ScHOOE, PA
K QCTBKN'a UKITESSITr IN IBELAND

Tiie Lectures in this Faculty begin oi
the 3rd November.

Anatomy and Physiology £3 per Course-
Practical Anatomy . , £3 per Session
French Language ... £2 per Course-
Natural Philosophy . , £3 „
Natural Hlatory . . . £2 „ „
Practical Chcmiatry , . £3 per Session
t^teria Medica ... £2 per Coarse.

Midwifery £3 „

Bargery £3 „

Medicine £2 „ „

Medical Jurisprudence . ££ „ „

College Fee &s. per Session

urse of Practical Anatomy i.
conducted by the Prgfessor of Anatomy
and Physiology, osaisted by Demonstr '

The Anatomical Demonatnitions
mence on 2ild of November, an(
continued daily at twelve o'clock, except
Saturday s.

CLIKIOit IKBTBDCHOS

This Hospital contains 100 beds, wit
I (pecial wariiii for dieeaaes of the eye,

Tho Pbysiciana visit every moruiug i
nine o'cloclc a.m. ; and tho Surgeons ever
morning at 9.30 a.m. Operationa c
I Saturdays.

Clinical instruction is given daily in tl

wards, and Clinical Lectures are delirered

the tlieatre every week. Fee for twelve
months. Eight Guineas ; fur cii: months.
Five Guineas.

xYise-IB s

This Hospital containa liftcen boils, nnJ
about 3U0 women are anuoally admitted

to the bouse.

Fee for sii montbs' attendance, in-
cluding Clinical Lectures, Tbree Guineas.

There is a good Library attached to the
College.

DUBLIN

— C'ABMICHiEL COIXEGB OP MEDICrBB
AHD SlTKOHBT

The School is connected by its teachers

ith the following Hospitals ;— Adelaide,

City of Dablin, Cork Street (Fever), House

□f Industry, i^Iater Misericordis, Meath,

Mercer's.

Feea. — The Fee for each Course of Prelec-
}ns is Three Onineas, and for each Course
of Practical Instrnction, eicept Physiology,
Five Guineas. Students, at the diacretion
of the Lecturer, are permitted to re-
attend a Practical Coarse for a. Fee of
Two Galneas, provided no certificate be
required.

Pupils paying £S8 5s. 6d. in two instal-
ments, one at the commencement of the
Qrst, and the otlier at the commencemi
of the second Winter Session, are
missible to all the Lectures required
the Koyal College of Surgeons in Ireland.

The Physiological Department
the chief features of the School,
tains ample accommodation for the prac
tlcul teacbing of Ptayuology in its various
branches. The Histology Room, In whicb
Btndentg are taught how to make and
examine microscopical specimens of the
tissoea, ia fitted up for a class of fifty pupils.
There is a separate room for Physiological
Chemistry, and another for Pbyaiological
apparatus.

Tbe Chemical Laboratory ia divided into
a number of separate compartments, fitted
np on the most improved plan, with slate
bunches. Each of these compartments is
provided with nil the necessary apparatuB
and re-agcuts for tbe Practical Coarse, and
is aaaigned to two atodenta, who thus have
tbe means of performing all the manipn-
lativo details tliemselves.
I The Museum comprises a valuable col-
lection of Anatomical and Pathological
' preparations. There is also an extenaiva
llnseum of Materia Medica.

I

MEDICAL EDDCATION AND PRACTICE

II.-

Ebs no power to confer Degrees, being
merely a tcBthing UQiveraity. The Fee for
each Course of Lectures ia I'liree Guineas,
except Diasectioni nnd Prnctical Chem-
istry, for each of wliich the Fee is Five
Qaioens, and PHtlialo^iy, Ojilithalmology,
aud Natural Philosophy, which are free.
A redQctiou of one sixth is made to Per-
petual Fupili paying tlie entire Fees in
advance, or in two instalments at the
cDiDiiienceQient of the first and second
years of their studies. The cost of all
School Lectures and Courses required for
the Surgical Diploma of the Royal College
of Surgeons of Ireland is £88 6a.. or to
Perpetual Pupils £56 175. 6d. There are
gold medals and prizes awarded for ex-
cellency in varioaa branches. Clinical
inatiuctlott is given ut the Hospitals.

Stecvens' Hospital presents the ndt
tages of a large Hospital for the study of
disease, and a perfectly organised Medical
School CO mbiued in the same establish ment,
by which the itndent is saved the trouble
and loss of time entailed hy the attendance
at separate inatitutiont. The pupil taking
Lectnres and tur^ulng his AnDtomical
Btudies in the Hospital buildings enjoys
unusual opportunity of wltneBBing primary
operations and the immediate tri^atment of
accidents and emergeueies.

During last recess a Histologicnl Labo-
ratory has been completed, with every
nodera improvement, and all the ne

The Course of Praeticnl Anatomy and of
Clinical InstrQctiou commences on the
first Monday in October ; thEBessIonal Lec-
tures on the Srat Monday in November.

IV.-

This School, which has recently been
rebuilt, is in a central situation, and is
replete with every convonlcnco for study
and successful inatrnction. By Its tenchera
it is connected with six Hospitals, Sve of
which are Medical and Sarglcal Hospitals,
and one lor Midwifery and Diseases or
Women and Children. Immediate^ ad-
j<rining the School is accommodation for
resident pupils.

In the con struct ion of the New Lecture
Tbeatrsi Chemical Laboratory, and Dis-
leoting Rooms, every modern improve-

hns been introduced. Tbey ..
spacious and commodinui, well lighted,
provided with every requisite ennveuiense,
" e same time completely venti-
lated. The Diaseeting Rooma are lighted
Ith gas, so as to rurnlsh the industrious
pupil, during the winter montln. with an
opportnnlty of pursuing his studies in
Practical Anatomy at all hours between
' o'clock in the morning till ten at night.
is arrangement is found peenliarly ad-
itageons to those who are occupied in
attendance upon Hospital and Lectnrei
tbrongh the day, as freqnently happens ' ~
such as are engaged during the sac
Session, with the several Courses prescribed
for the attainment of Medical and Surgical
Degrees.

' " nstrutor is in constant attendanofl
from half-past seven in the morning nnUl
ten o'clock at night.

V. — ROTiL COLLBQH OP SUBOaONS

School of Subqebt

The Dissections are under the direction,
of the Professors of Auatomy. assisted by
the Demonstrators.

The Fee for each Course of Lectures
Three Guineas, eicaptlng Descriptive
Anatomy, which is Eight Oulneos. Frao-
tlcol Chemistry, which U Five Quineai,
and Ophthalmic and Anral Surgery and.
Hygiene, which are Free.

A Composition Fee of £56 17*
taken as payment in full for all LecturM
nnd Dissections required for the Diploms.
in Surgery.

VI.— Unithbhitt School of Pay bio at
Tbimitt Colleob

Malricutatian.^No Student can bepM.
mitted to attend any of the Lectures da-
livered in the Sohnol of Phyi"
attend Dissections, who has not complied
with the provisions of the School of Physio
Act (10 Geo. Ill, oh. 811, ns to MatriouU-
tion, to the effect that ali students of the
School of Physic must be matricolated by
the Senior Lecturer to Trinity College, for
which a Fee of Five Shillings is payable;
but no such student shall be obliged to
have his name on the College books, or to
attend any oE the Academical duties of the
University, unconnected with the School of
I'hyaic, unless be desire tooblaio a Licence
or Degree In Medicine, Or a Licence or
Degree in Surgery.

The Professor of Anatomy nttends at the
Anatomical School for one hour a day, not
including Lecture hour, and the University
Anatomist attends for three hours a day.

I
I

^^Ht A eompartn
^^^pn- Chomiatrj

[ A eompartnient in ttie New Laborntorj-

ter Chomiatrj 1« asaigued to eucli student.

Clinical inBtriictioa ia given at Sir

Patrick Dan's or other DoGlin Hoapitali

reoognised by tlio Board of Trinity College,

which are: — Meatli Hospital, Honee of

Indngtry Hospitals, Dr. Stoevens' Hospital,

■ '--via Street Infirraary, City, of BabWa

.spital, Mercer's Hoepital, St. Vincent's

oapital, Adelaide Hospital, Mater Miseri-

PeordiED Hoapitnl, St Mark's Ophthalmic

' Hospital, The National Eye and Ear la-

firmury.

Tha Anatomical Museum, formerly com-
bined with that oP PHthology, haa been
remored and placed in tbe New Anatomical
Hiuenm Building in the College Park.
The Zoological collection has also been
transferred to the same place.

The Zoological Museum was founded in
1777,and contains a lorge aeries of typical
These are arranged on the
ground floor of the new bailding, the Ver-
tebrates occupying the pier-caeeB between
Uie windows, beginning nt the north-waat
corner. Tbe Invertebratea are arranged
In tbe table caaea, with tha exception of
the insects, which ore in cabinets in tl
Carator'a room. The centre of tbe hall
ipiedby the skeletons and atulfed ekii
of Inrge Mammala.

The first gallery coutnina part of the
A-natoinicol collection, illustrating tbe
organs of senaation, of motion, aud of
nutrition. The second gallery contains
the remaining Anatomical specimens, iliua-
trrttive of eicretiati. reprodaetion, aud em-
bryology. The Museum la open to Btu-
deBti daily from 11 a.m. to 4 p.oi.

KUBEtrU OF VATSOLOO!, UATEBIA

Ptebrab
Uie wi
comer
In the
the ini
Carati
occupi
of Inrj
The

This Museum is intended for tbe use of
the Etudeuta in Mediciue, and to illustrate
the Professors' Lecturea. It haa
lately re-arranged, ntid removed to d
apacioiis apartment, wbera it will bo
nseful to itnd<>iits, to whom it is open
daily from II a.m. to-l p.m.

UUBKUU C

c of thi

Tbe Herbarinm, under the caa
Profv'BSor of Botany, is open til
fur refureuce, during Term, on Maudays,
Tuesdays, WedoesdajB, Thursdaja,
Fridays, from 11 till 3 i and at otbor tii
on special application to ths Profossor,

■e Scholarships and Prizi

EDINBURGH

L — The Extra- Mcbal School of
Mbdioibb, Fodbdbi) 1505

The Lectures qualify for the University
of Edinburgh and the other Universitiea ;
' Royal Colleges of Physicians and Sai-
geons of Edinburgh, London, and Dublin,
id the other Medical and Public Boards.
TUo miHimum cost of the education in
this School of Mediciue for the double
qnaliScatioa of Phyeiclaji and Snrgcon
tbe Royal Colleges of Phyaicians and
^30U9, tncltiding the Fees for the joint
EKaminatiou, is Ninety-flvo Pounds, which
ia payable by yearly instalments during tliu
period of stndy ; whilst the minimiiffi coit
fur the single qnolificatioo of either Phy-
sician or Surgeon, including Fee for Ex-
mnination, la Eighty-five Pounds.

II.— tlHrTEBsiTr School of Medici sb

Summer Scsai on.— Medical Jurispru-
dence, £l> 4a.) Botany, £4 4s.,* Field De-
itratioaa on SafHrrfnyi ; Practical Ma-
MedicaOuclading Pharmacy), £3 3a. ;
Chemistry (Organic), Advanced Claaa
{Tuetday, Wedaeiday, and Thurtday),
£2 2a. ; Ditto, Practical, £3 3;. ; Mioem-
logical ChemLitry {Monday, Taieiday, and
Friday), Technological Chemistry (IbM-
day, U'editeaday, and Thuriday), Anatomi-
cal Demonstraljon, £2 2a. ; Practical Ana-
tomy, £2 2b. ; Clinical Surgery {Monday
and Thuriday), £3 3b.; Clinical Medicine
{Tueiday vnA Friday), £3 as. i Olistetncal
,nd Gynfcologieal Operations {liietday
lid Friday), £3 2s. i Natoral Hlatorj,
£4 4a.; Practical Natural History {Moa-
day, Wednaday, and I^iday), £2 2s.;
Practical Physiology, including BiBtology,
£3 3b.; Operative Surgery {Maa£iy,
Tuaday, TAvriday, and ^day), £2 2a. ;
Practii^ Morbid Anntoniy and Pathology,
£3 3a. ; Meutfll Dlicases, with Practical
Inatruction at McrningBide ABylnm (IfoH-
day, Wedneiday, and Friday). £3 3s.

Winter Session.- Clinical Surgery
(HtHday and Thurtdiiy), £4 4s, ; Clinical
Medicine (Tuetday and Friday), £4 4B,i
Anatomy, £1 4b. ; Practical Anatomy,
£3 3s. ; Aiistomical Demonstration, £2 2s. ;
Uatena Medica, £4 4s. ; Practical Materia
* BnidH GuilcB F«of ((.

I

MBDICAL EDDCATIOW AND PRACTICE

I
I

Medica, incladiag Pharmacy, £3 Ss. ; Clic-
mistrj, £1 4s. ; Savgerj,£4iia.; Institutes
of Medieme, £1 Is. ; Practical Phy''°'OBri
£3 3s.; Midwifery aud DIiBBUs of Womeu
and Children, £143.; Prilctice of Physic
£i is. ; Oeueral Pathology, £4 44. ; Pruc-
tical Pathology, £3 3g.; Practii^ol Che-
mistry, £3 3s.; Nntural Historj' (Mon-
iatj, Wedneidai/, asd Fridai/), £4 4a.;
Batatiy,+ £4 Oa. ; Medicitl Jm'ispmdeiice,+
£4 4s.

WIBIBB AND BUUKEB

Besides tho ordiaary Lecturea, the fol.
lowing incsiig are afTordod for Practical In-
stmction: — Chemiciit Laboratory, Medical
Jnriaprodence Laboratory, Physiological
Laboratory nnd MoBoam, Pathological
Labomtory, Katural History Laboratory,
under the superinteiideace of Prof. Sir C.
Wyvillo Thomson ; Hoyol Botanic Garden
Eerbarinm and Museum, Auatomical Mu-
seum, Materia Medica Museum and La-
boratory.

This School of Madiciue is, neit to that
of Vienna University, the most celebrated
in the world, and has long been noted for
tha eminence of its ProfcBsors, amongst
whom may bo mentioned, Professors
Hnghea Bennett, Sime, Lister (now
Kiog's College, London), and Simpson.

In this Hospital a portion of the beds ia
set apart for Clinical instruction by the
ProEessoti of the Univevaity of EdiTihurgh.
Courses of Clinical Medicine and Surgery
are also given by the ordinary Physicians
and Surgeons. Special instruction ia given
in tho Medical department on Diseases of
Women, Physical Diagnosis, &e., and in
the Surgical department on Diseases of the
Eye. Separate wards are devoted to Fever,
Venereal Diseases, Diaeases of Women,
Diaeaaei of the Eye j also to cases of In-
cidental Delirium or Insanity. Post-
mortem Enaminations are condncted in the
Anatomical Theatre hy the Pathologist,
who also gives Practical inatrnctiou in
Pathological Anatomy and Histology.

Soapilal Tlckeii. — Perpetual, in one
payment, £10; Annual, £5 6a. j Half-
yearly, £3 3s. ! Quarterly, £1 lis. 6d.
Separate payments for two years entitle
tha student to a Perpetual Ticket.

GALWAZ

Queen's College Medical School is part
of the Qneen's TJniveraity in Ireland.
Feea. — The College Fees payable hy
• TlirEB MoDtLi' CooriE.
t Lcctniu gl>cQ in Summer Stiiinu.

Matriculated students are Ten Shillings aj
tho commencement of the Srst yeBr, autL
Five Shillings at the commencement of
each anhsequeut year,

Tbe Fees, payable by students, whether
Matriculated or non-Matricnlated, to the
several Profeaaora for attendance o
several Puss Courses of Lectures (
strnctiou, are £1 for each Ceune extend^
ing over one Term only, and £2 for eacbV
Course extending over more than oneTenqifl
of a Session, when attended for the Snrtf
time, and £1 for each rc-attendance oi

This rule applies in all cases eicept ths.;
following : — Tho Fee payable for the
Course of Anatomy and Physiology fl
£3, when attended for the llrst time, and
£2 for every aubsequent attendance J and
the Fee payable far Practical Anatomy, eod
PracKcal Chemistry, is £3 for eacb nttend-

The Fee payable for attendance upon
an^ Honour Course of Lectures in t'
third year, which atudente are euticlcd
substitute for a prescribed Pass Coarse,,
r which they may opiionallu attend,,
, £3.

In all other cases the Fees payable for

attendance upon Baoour Courses of Lee-

res, and upon Courses of Special Instrue-

in not prescribed as a qualification tot

Degree or other University distinction,

e £2 for each Course, whether attended

for the first time or re-atteaded.

This rule does not apply to special in-

raction in Practical Chemistry. In this

ibject the Fee is regulated by the time

spent in the Laboratory, at the rate of £1

month.

Matriculated students who attend volun-
tary Courses are, ao far as these Courses
are concerned, regarded as nan-M«tri
luted,

Opportunities for Hospital attendanot
and Clinical Instruction are aCTurded to
itudents in the Couuty lufirmary and
Town Hospitals, which are in the imme-
diate vicinity of the College, Clinical
Lectures are given on Tnesdays and Fri'
and Practical Instructioc
days of tho week, at 10 a.n

GLASGOW

I. — ASDBHSOS'a COLIBOB

Hospital Practice and Clinical Lectures
1 the ainagow Eoyal Infirmary, which
Mitaius 570 beda, and is situate within
ght minutes' walk of the College build-

I

I

I

DiapfnEor; Prui'tico In Audorsaii'a Col-
lege Dispeiisnry, altuated in tlic CoUe^
buildings. At tliLt Qiepenanry stitdonts
notouly Boa ordinary Dispeneaiy PrHctioe,
but the; also visit (under the BuperTiBioa
of the StaS) the poor nt their own homei,
andi if necessary, prescribe for tbeni.
Oppottunities are also afforded foe study,
lug Diseases of Womeu and Children, and
Diseases of the Eye, Ear, and Skin.
Admisaioii free to students of the College.
There is uko n Cental Hospltut in con-
nection with the Dental Sehoo!, which ia
open dsiiy Ht 9 a.m.

The following Prizes are competed
for during each Session: — The Eerr
Bursar; in Anatomy, value £13,
tenable for three years; open to students
eutering npoa their second Winter. A
tjcholarsbip o£ £20, tenable for one yenr,
and open ta stadeuts entering upon their
third Winter, A Prize of £5 in f
Junior Anatomy Class. A Prize of £5
the Clieuiietry Claas; end £5 in one
more prizes in the Physiology Class.

For each Course of Lectures (Anatomy
excepted), Brst Sesaion, £2 Z».; Isecond
Beaaion, £1 la. ; afterwards, free.

Anatomy Class Feca. First Session (in-
cluding Practical Anatomy), £4 4s.j Second
Session (including- Practical Anatomy),
£i 4e. ; third Seaaioo, and Perpetnal, £1 Is.
Sommer Session (including I^acticol
Anatomy), £1 Is. Suminer Osteology,
£lls.

Students who have attended Claases at
other Schools will bo admitted to such
Classes at the reduced Fees-
Dental Hospital Fee for the full Curri-
icnlam, £10 10s.

_ The Fees for all the Lectures and Hoa-
^tll Practice required for the Diplomas
ot Fliysieian and Surgeou amount to

e48.

The Lectures at Anderson's College
naltfy for nil the Licensing Boards in
le United Kingdom.

n> — BoiAL lHTreuA.az AND ScaooE. OF

Lectures are given in the Winter and
Sammer Seeuoua on Anatomy, Phyaiology,

^HLVwe

I

I^netical Anatomy, Medicine, burgcry,
Patholo^, Materia Medica, Practical Medi-
cine, I^acticnl Surgery, Midwifery, and
Vweuaic Medicine, Ac.

Conrsea are also given during the Sum-
in Anatomy, Practical Physiology,

Operative Sargerji Mental Diseases, Aural
Surgery, Diseases of the Eye, and Dental
Surgery,

I^izes are awarded in all the qualifying
Clossea at the end of each Seasion.

Fees for each Course : — First Session,
£2 2s. I second Session and Perpetnal,
£1 ll. Students who have hod n first
Course elsewhere can enter on the second
Coarse on payment of £1 Is. Anatomy;
Winter Session, £1 is,; Summer Session,
£1 Is. This includes Practical Anatomy.

The Hospital contains 570 beds. Of
these 240 are reserved for Medical cases,
320 for Surgical cases, and there are
special wards for Diseases of Women, and
for tiio treatment of Venereal Diseases in
Mates. Diseases of the Fye, Ear, and
Throat ore specially treated at the Dis-
pensary.

The number of in-patients under treat-
ment in 1879 was 5319, whilst 23,437
received advice at the Dispensary. The
number of operations was G6o.

Fees for Hospital Practice— Clinical
Iifloturos and Dispensary — First year,
£10 10s.; second year, £10 10s. i after-
wards, free. Fop six montlis, £6 6a. j
three montba, £1 4s. Fees to students
who have paid £21 at another Hospital
for its Perpetnal Ticket— six mouths,
£3 Ba. J one year, £3 3a. Vaccination,
£1 Is.

HI. — UuivBKBixr Mbbicai. School

Lahoraioriei. — There are fully equipped
Laboratories for original resenrcli in the
following departmeuta ; Atlatolny, Che-
mistry, Zoology, Pbarmacy, Physiology,
Botany, and Forensic Medicine.

IFetUml'^rtaafg.—'Ih.M Hospital,ne8r
the University, contains beds for Medical
and Sorgical Patientc, and also a ward
for Skin Diseases, and one for Diseases
peculiar to Women. There is also a Dis-
pensary Department, affording facilities
for atodents becoming ui^quainted with the
more common diaeases. Vaccination is
practised on Mondays at 1 p.m., and the
Station is recognised by the Local Govern-
ment Bonrd (Fee £1 Is.), Inconnectiou
with the Western Infirmary, there ia ki(o
an out-door Obstetrical Department, and
by attending aii case) (Fee £1 la.) a
student may obtain a certificate of atten-
dance on Practical Midivifcry required
for Graduation.

Aiylwn, I»finnariei, ani DUpemarUi.
— In Glasgow tlicre are Infirmories or
Dispensaries for Fevers, and for Diseases
of the Eye, Ear, Throat, and Skin; and

1

UEDICAL EDUCATIOlf AND FBACTICSI

Coit of Education.— I^a total miniinnm
cipensea for Ctnasei and Graduation Fees
fnr M.B. and CM. amount to about £90;
with extra Couracs and ClasaeB, u'bieh are
nsnallj nttended, the eo»t is £110. The
Fee for M.D.ia £15 89., including Govern-
meat Stamp-dnty. The total maximaai
cost for M.D., £125.

Surtariei, — Bureariea, to tlie annnal
amonnt of about £1000, may be held by
stadsnta during' their Medical studies.
For particnlars, see Calendar.

An Entratico Fee of Oiia Goiuea Is ]
by all stndentB on joining the Baliool.

Tickets for single Couraea of Lectures
may be paid for aeparately, according to
the following table :

Medicine, £5 5s. ; Soi^ery, £5 Gs. ;
Physiology, £6 6s. ; Practical Physiology,
£6 6s. 1 Anatomy, £6 61. ; Chemiatr;,
£5 6b, ; Obstetric Medicine (inclnding
Diseases cf Children), £i is. ; Materia
Medicn, £4 4b. ; Forensic Medicine and
Toiioology, £4 4a. ; Botany, £4 4a. ; Prsc-

MeJicioB

Theoretical Surgery
Practical Surgery
Physiology
Anatomy

Chemistry

Midwifery and Diseases c
Materia Medica .
Porenaie Medicine
Botany .

Practical Chemistry
Pathological Anatnmy .
Comparative Anatomy .
tPractical Anatomy (Sui!
Dental Surgery .
Dental Mechanics
JOphthalmology
Operative Surgery

tical Chemiatrj, £i 4a. ; Pathology, £3 3b.
Comparative Anatomy, £1 la.

The Composition Fee, for attendance
□pon all the regnired Courses of School
Lectures (not inclnding any Hoapital
Practice), is Forty-eight Guineaa, to be
paid upon entrance ; or Twenty-fiva
Gninens on entrance, and a Becond sum
of Twenty-fire Qnincna at tlie end ot'
twelve montha. Tlie payment of th»'
Composition Fee doea not, honever. give
a right to attend a second Conrse of
Practical C hernia try.

The Entrance Fee, the Pee for Vacci-
nation, that for Coiopiirfltivo Anatomy,
and the Fees for Medical and for Surgical
Hospital Practice, are not ineladed in
the Composition Fee, and are payallle
separutely.

One Summer ScBaion,£6 Ga.; one Winter
Session, £7 7a. ; twelve months, £12 12s. (
eiRhteen montha, £15 15s.; three yeatSj
£21 ; perpetual, £20 6b.

Tha InGnnary, in which Medical and
Surgical Practise ia conducted,
average of nhont 220 in-patienta.

I

• Tliig Fee mc
t Tliii Conru
t The CoQiicil

St bU StuOeDti cI SargBi; iliaU lik«

r FhyaiDlDgical Lalionifojy.

at tbeie Lutnrea along with tlutr

I

I

I

Seiool Con^otilioa Fee. — A payment
of Fiftj QniaeaB on entrance, or in twn
equal instalmeubi (uue half ou entrunce, and
the remainder within twelve moiitbs), en-
titles the etudent to attendnnce on bU the
Lectures and DemanstraUoiia required for
the Membership of the Kojal College of
Sorgeona, the Licence of the College of
Phyiuuiang, and the Apothecaries' Society,
And alao includes the Library aod Ophtbal-
mology Fees. Full particulars of tbe
ellBses ia the Composition Fee are found
OQ the back of the Compositiun Tiuket.

£33 13

The Fee for a Perpetual Ticket may be
paid iu two equal iuatulnientj (<
entrance, and tbe remaiudcr wi
months).

These Fees include admittance to tbe
Practice of the Loi'k Hospital (male side)
a^oiiming the Inflrmary, where clinical
Instruction is regularly given by the Sut-
gooas.

The Fees for tbe Hospital Practice are

eyable to Mr. Bauks, Z8, Rodney Street,
tween tbe boors of 9 and 11 a.m.

n twelve

All Medical etudeutt who do not take
out the Composition Ticket are required,
nn registering, to pay an Annual Fee of
lOs. 6d. to the Library and Heading- Room,
or a Perpetual Fee of £1 Is.

qtTAI.lI'ICiTIOS

The Perpetual Hospital Fee (Thirty-two
Quineaa) and the School Composition Fee
for Lectures Tcquired by the licensing
bodies (Fifty Guineas) amount together to
£86 2s. In addition to this must be reck-
oned Vaccination Fee (One Guinea), Dissec-
ting Room Hipenaes (roughly estimated at
Three Guineiu), and a Summer Coarse of
Fnoticol Anatomy, which, though not ab-
iolntely easential, is generally tuken (Two
Qnineas),ia all amounting; to £6 6b. Tbe
total eipenaea of the idducatiou neeeHsary to
procure a Medical and Surgical qualifi-
OatioQ thus amount to somewbat over £90.
Some extra elpense is incurred by those

going in for University Degrees, or for the
Fellowship of the College of Snrgeoos.

Clinical Instruction is given at the tioyol
InSimary (270 beds) and the Northern and
Southern Hospitals. There are scholar-
ships and prizes at the School.

The Hospital contains 180 beds. These,
together wilb the 50 beds of the adjoining
Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital, to
tbe Practice of which Matricatated students
are admitted, Doake a total of 230 b<
av^lable for Cliiiieal teacliing.

New school buildings, which will be
on an extrusive scale, and Bttod with
al! modem appliances, have been com-
menced.

Special Classea for the Preliminary Scien-
tiflo Eiamination of the Uiiiversity of
London have been instituted and will he
held during each Winter and Sumtner
Session.

Scholarships, medals, and prizes are
attached to the School.

The Fees for tbe entire Course of Leotorea
required by the Examining Boards amount
to £83 4e. 8d , including a Fee of £3 as. for
MatricQlation (which involves no Exami-
niition), and they may be paid in five sepa-
rate instxlmeuts of nearly equal amount.
The tirst ia payable on entrance, the second
on 1st of May following, and bo on, the
fifth instalment being due at the com-
mencement of the third year.

II. — Da Cooke's School op Asitawe

Licensed nuder Anatomy Act

Demonstrations hy Dr Thomas Cooke,
F.R.C.S., Senior Asa i stunt- Surgeon to the
Westminster Hospital. The whole of the
Anatomy (on the dissected body), of Phy-
siology (with microscopical preparations,
&c.), and the operations (all performed on
the dead body by the students), are gone
through every three months. I^ei; three
months. Three Guineas j six months, Four
Guineas; for tbe higher Examinations,
with iparial supplementary class. Five
Guineas. Operatiunn, Five Guineas. I)is<
secting-room open dully.

I

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

a HoBPiTAL Mkdicai, School

1. A. Perpetual Ticket mBj lie obtained :
— (i.) B; tbe pajrmi-nC of 126 OiiineaB on
eDtnnce. (ii.) By two piLj-mt'titi of £66,
at the commencement of the first Winti^r
KeaaloD and the following Sammer ^ea-
sion. (ill.) Bj the payment of threa
annual iuatulmeutc, at the commeDcenient
of the Seuional Year:— Firat }»ir, £50;
eecond year, £50; third year, £37 10b.

8. Feesforattendaaceon Hi»pital Prac-
tii:e : — For three months Medical or Sur-
gical Practice, 10 Gnineag. Both to-
gether, IS Guincaa. Sii months Medical
or Surgical Practice, 15 Quineaa. Both
together, S3 Quineaa. One year Medical
or Surgical Practice, 23 GuincuB. Both
together, 80 Ouineaa, Perpetual Medical
or Surgical Practice, 80 Uuineaa, Both
together, 45 Quineoa.

8. Single Cooraea of Lectures may be
attended on the folloning terms : — Ana-
tomy, Physiology, Practical Physiolog'y,
Demonstrations and Disaections, Cbeuiia-
try. Medicine, Surgery, Uidwiferj, by
payment of 7 Ouineaa for each Course.
Demonatratlons on Operative ISargery, 7
Guineas. DemonBtrations od Praatjcal
Chemi«try, 7 Onineaa. Demonetratioas
on Morbid Anatomy, one year 7 Guinea*.
Botany, Comparative Anatomy, Natural
Pbiloaophy, Materia Mi>dica, Medical Jur-
isprudence, Morbid Histology, by pay-
ment of S Ouineaa for euch Courae.
I Practical Surgery,

Mental Diaoaaes, by paymi
for each Couraa.

4. Extra feea are charged for the fol-
lowing Practical Courses : — Practical
Chemistry, £1 10s. ; Pructioil Pharmacy,
£3 8a. J Operative Surgery, £2 2a.

This Subool has a Museum of Anatomy i
a Muaeam of Comparative Aiiatumy,
taiuing upwards of £000 apecimeu!
Museum of Pathological Anatomy,
taining upwards of 6000 apeciment
Muaeam of Materia Medica; aiidaLibrary
containing upwards of 6000 volumes.
There are aclinlarahipa, prizes, and medals
to be obtained here.

L School

daily from 10 till 4^
study.

The Medical Library is open daily
the oae of MatricnUted Students. "
sional Studenta are also admitted
ment of £1 Is. per annom.

Beaidcs the Course of Chemical lieo-
turea and the Snmmer Class of Practical
Chemistry, provision is made for those
atndenta who wiah to become mare
minutely acquainted with the practical
dtitnila of the science. By meana of this
claaa each student ia enabled to faoiliariae
himself with the methods of anulyaia and
research.

The Dauiell Scholarship of £20, tenable
for two years, ii given every ultematB yeu
for original research in the Laboratory.

The Fees for admiasion to the LBbal»-
tory Class, exclusive of materials, are, fbr
one month, £i 4a.; for tlirec montt^
£10 10s.; tor ail months, £18 18b„ Ac.

Special Courses on Ophthalmology,
Dental Surgery, Aural Surgery, Uygiena
and Paychological Medicine, are delivered
during the Winter or Sommer Sesaion.

I

I.— The Feea for Lectaras and Hospital
Practice, in the case of Regular or Matri-
culated Students, amount to £12S i( paid
in one sum on entrance, or £130 if paid
in two instalments, viz. £70 on entrance
and £60 at the hef(itining of the second
Winter Session ; or £1S5 if paid in three
instalments, viz. £60 on entrance. £50 at
the beginning of aecond Winter Sesaion,
and £25 al the beginning of the third

II. — This payment covers (1) perpetual
attendance on Anatomy, Physiology,
Chemistry, Medicine, Clinical Medieine,
Snrgery, one of the Professors of Clinical
Surgery, Obstetric Medicine, Botany, For-
ensic Medicine, Materia Medica, Com-
parative Anatomy, and Pathological Ana-

siology i (3) perpetual a.
Hospital.

111. — Stndente are recommended to add
the Fee for attendance on the Medical
Tutor's Closa for one year, vli. £3 3b.
All reiideni students are required to
attend the Tutor for tlie flrat year.

IV.— Stndenta attending the Practical
Physiology Class have to pay £1 Is. for
the use of appunitue, materiat ^.

I

F5

1

■

EUROPE 67 ^1

iL

TUBBHTS

students, who are subject to die same

i:r,™

general rules as Undergraduates at the

^B

£.'"t °'

£ s.

Universities.

v.— LONDOK HOBPlTiL ABB MBDIOAI

^M Pntct. Anab.) .

9

9 .

12 12

College

Anatomy .

6

6 .

9 S

Pea for Loctarcs and Hospital Practice,

Pnctical An&tomy

6

6 .

9 9

90 Guineas in one sum. or 100 Guineas by

ChemiBtcy .

S

8 .

11 11

Practical ChemiBtry .

6

6 .

8 8

The Hospital contains nearly 800 bedfl.

PhyBiology .
Pracbioal Physiology .

8

8 .

11 11

The number of patients during 1877 was

6

6 .

3 a

6418! Ont-patients 4S,791.

Medicine .

8

8 .

9 9

The Kcsident and other Hospitsl appoint-

Snrgarj . ' . .

8

8 .

9 9

meats are free to full students. The

Practical Sorgery

3

3 .

e 6

CUnical Surgery-

Physiciancies, four House- Surgeoncies, and

Bonier

One Professor
Both PrefesMr* .
Summer

6
8

6 .

8 .

9 8
11 11

t*o Maternity AssiBtantsbips.

There are a number of scholarships at
this School.

Ona Professor

4

4 .

S 5

Bntb Professors .

5

5 .

6 6

VI.— MlDDLKBEI HoaPlTiL MbDICAI

Materia Medica .

5

5 .

6 6

School

Obstetric Medicine

5

5 .

G 6

The Hospital contains 310 beds. There

l°^"l „:. . ■ ■

4,

4 .

6 6

are special departmeuts for Cancer, Diseases

ForeiiBiC Medicine

6

5 .

6 6

of the Eye. Diseases of Women and Chil-

Pstliological Anntamy .

4 4

dren, and Syphilis ; also out-patient depart-

Compnnitiye Anatomy
and Zoology . .

4

4 .

6 6

ments for Diseases Of Children, the Throat,

Ear and Skin. ^m

H Hygiene . . .

1

1

There are scholarships and prizes t« be ^M

Th

Socnnd

obtained here. ^H

V<u.

^B Practical Biology . .

8

8 .

3 3

OHEmCAlLABOEATOBY ^

^H Bxperimentiil Pliysics

8

8 .

a 3

The Chemical Laboratory is open during

^■' Tutor's CUss (Medicii!)

3

3

teu months of the year for the study of

^H (Prel. Scieot.)

5

5 .

8 3

Chemistry. Arrangements for Special La-

^KHedipal Library .

1

1

boratory Instrnction may be raado through

the Dean. ^^

^H Medical a«d S<.rsicat ^

s. d.
8
14
18

The Museum is opened to students daily ^M

^Bone Summer. .
^■Odo Winter .
^HOne Year

. 8
. 14
. 18

from 9 to 5. It contains many valuable ^H

staff, and other emiuent Anatomists. To ^M

. ia

^F Medical or Surgical

^ One Summer. .

. 5

5

One Winter .

. 9

9

consists of upwards of 5000 carefully selec- ^H

One Year

. 13

12

ted specimens, so arranged as to afford ^H

Perpetaal .

. 31

10

oUaincdit this College.
is Professor of Surgery

Dr

Joseph Lister

The Library and Reading Room arc open ^H

who desire to make use of the Library, may ^H

Booms are provided with

nthe

iralls of

do so on payment of One Qnineaper annum. ^^|

^^ the College for the residence of a

Umited

The Library contaiusan extensive collection ^H

^B tmmbcT of MatnculBted

students.

^m The Censor of the ColleKe lives

within

are allowed, under certain regalatious ^^|

^nU walls, and to him ia

oommltt«d by the

affixed in the Library, to take books home ^M

MEDICAL EDUCATION AHD PEACTICE

forperaaal or reference. Students sTuling
tliemEelvea of this privilege must dfjjoait
tlie Bum of teu sbillingB, «'hieh will be re-
turned to them on tbeir returning tbe books
they have burrowed. Libnirj Hours, 9 — 5,
On SfltordajB. 9—2.

I

Tbe Compoaition Fee for attendance on
tile Hospital Practice and Leetaree required
by candidate* for the Lioenoe of the Coliege
of Phyaicianii, tlie Diploma of Member of
the Coilege of Snrgeona, and the Licence
of the Society of Apothecariea, amaunts to
£90 if paid in one eum c

Gentlemen who pay thia Fee ii

Thii Fee admits itudenia to the Llbraty,
to one Cusrie of Fractieal ChemUlty and
to loo Couriei of H'meciions, to all Ike
Leeturet required for the above-named
qualifioaiioru, and al*o to the imtrtiction of
the Tutor.

Tbe Fee for atteudance on Hoapital
Practice and Lecturea may be paid by jn-
atalmenta of £35 on entrance, £35 at tbe
beginning of the second Winter Seaniou, £20
at tbe beji^tiing of tbe tbirdWinterSeaaian,
and £10 for every additional year's atten-
dance after tbo third year.

The Pee for the antira period of atten-
dance on Hoapital Practice required by
caiididatea for tbe Licence of Iba- College
of Phyaiciang, (be Membership of tbe
College of Surgeons, and the Licence of
tbo Sociedy of Apothecoriea, amounta to

Gentlemen who pay thia Fee iii on« enm
on entrance may attend for an onlimited

The above-named Fee may be paid by
instttlmeiita of £10 10s. at tbe beginning of
the first year, £10 10a. at the beginning of
tbe aecond year, and £5 5s. at tbe begin-
ning of tbe third year.

PraciiBal Anatomg.—The Papila are
directed in their studies in tbe Dissecting-
n by tbe Professor, assisted by the

Analytical Chemiitry, — The Inatrnction
in this Department ia conducted in a
apaoious Laboratory, with coniplete ar-
rangements for the pursuit of all branches
of Cliemical Investigation by the senior
pupils, and for the practical study of

Elementary Analysis by those lesB ad-
vanced.

Tbe Laboratory ia open daily, from
9 a.m. to 4 p.m., from tlie 1st of October
until the end of July, with a short recess
at Christmas and at Easter. The Prof easor
is aidtd by AssiEtauts in tbe direction of
the atudeuts.

Ph^iiological Xaboralarg, under tin
Baperintenilence of tbe Professor and
Aasiatant Professor of Physiology. Micro-
scopes, as well as the other reqniaite appara-
tus employed in Phyaiological and Patho-
logicnl investigation, are provided by the
College.

Hygienie Laboratory, under the aopsr-
Intendence of Professor CorGeld, assisted
by the Demonstrator. ITio Laboratory
ia fitted with the applianoea, including
Balances, Microscopes, &c., nocesaary for
tbe analysis of samples of Air, Water,
Foods, &e.

Praotical Surgert/. — Including inatruo-
tion in the use of Surgical apparatus, in
Operationa on the Dead Ilody, and in
Morbid Anatomy.

Operatine Surgery. — Practical Instroo-
tion ia given during the Summer Term,
commencing in April.

Private Inatruclioa, — For gentlemen
who desire asaistauco in their studies,
aTiangements are made by which they
may obtain tbe same within the College on
application, to the respective Professors.

Beiidence of Studetits. — Several gentle-
men connected with the College receive
' students to reside witii them j and in the
office of the College there is kept a
register of persons unconnected with the
College, who receive Boarders into then*
fainiliee; among these arc several Medical
gentlemen. Information as to terms and
other particolars may be obtained at tbe

Compoaition Fees for the entira Courie
of allendance in College and Eaipital
prescribed for the Licence of the College
of Physicians, for tbe Diploma of the
College of Surgeons, and for the Licence
of the Society of Apothecaries:

125 Guineas, if paid in one sura at the
commencement of tbe Course, or 130
Guineas, if paid by instalments, as
follows :

First year, 60 Guineas; second yenr. 60
Guineas; third year, ZQ Guineas.

Studonta who avail themsolvea of thia
mode of payment will be required to pay a
Fee of Five Guineas for every additional
year's attendance after the third year.

The Fee for unlimited attendance on

i

I

either McdiCRl or Surg-ical Praotice sepa-
, Tately is Fifteen GniDean, if paid in one
gam on entrance.

Tlia Fee for ono jeBr'a attendance on
botb Medical and Siirgicnl Practice is
Twelve Qninesai that for Medical or Sur-
^cal Prnctice separatolj. Eight Ouinesa.

The Fee for six months' attendance on
bothUcdicaUuiISurgical Practice is Seren
Gnineas ; that for either Medical or Sur-
gical I'rai^ticc sepantely. Five QuintiBS.

OccnstDoal Pupils who do not enter at
once fur an unlimited period of attendance
on Hospital Practice (both Medical and
Surgical) are required to pa; on entrance
a Registration Fee of £1 ^. to the resident
Hedical Officer, Secretary, &c.

VII. — St Babtholohew'h HoapiTAi:

AND COLLEOK

Ib one of the he«t in London. Student
can reeidc on the premiEea nuder certal:

The AnatomicHl Mnacum contains care
fnlly selected speciraena of Human, o
ComparatiTe, and of Piitbotaf;Lcal Anntomy,
arranged in seventy -thvee Series, and also
iiumerouB Models, Custs, Diagrams, and

The Drawings in oil and in water-
ooloura, showing all the cliivf miirhid
tilungea, are arranged in cases, so that they
may be conveniently atadied in illuatrntion
of the Lectnrea on Patholi^j and of the
.DemonatrutioDB of Mnrbld Anatomy.

Tlie Anatomical Museum, and the Mu-
Kums of Mftteria Mediea and of Botany,
ftre open daily to the students of Ibe
wveral claeses tivm ten o'clock to fonr.

fret for Leeturet and SotpUal Fractiea.
— Fee for attendance on Lectures and
Hospital Practice, 132 Qnineni!, payable in
the following instalmente :— Fint Winter,
10 Guineas; First Snmmcr, 46 Gnineas;
Second Winter, 46 GaineBB; or a single
payment of 125 Gnines's. Payment in
either of these ways entitles the student
to a Perpetual Ticket.

Stnitents can also outer for single Course)
of Lectures, or for the Medical or Surgical
Praetiee of the HoapitaL Students having
ontered for any period to the Hospital
Practice or Lectures may prolong their
attendance on paying the difference be-
tween their first Entrance Fee and that
for any longer period. Anatomy, one
CoarBe,90uineas; unlimited, 12tOnineiis.
Dissections, one Session, 7 Guineas. E^y.
Biology, one Course, 9 Guineas ; un-
limited, 121 Guineas. Practical Physio-
logy, one Session, 7 Ouineai. Chemistry,

Medicine, or Surgery, one Course, 6i
tiuiueas; unh mi ted, 9 Gnineas. Practical
)ry, one Course, 61 Gnineas ; un-
limited, S Guineas. Materia Mudica or
Midwifery, one Course, 6^ Guineas j un-
limited, 7i Guineas. Forensic Medicine
Botany, one Course, 4 Guineas; nn-
limited, 5 Gnineas. Pathological Anatomy,
ono Course, 2i Guineasi anlimited, 4
Guineas. Practical Chemistry, one Conrse,
" Guineas (including Chemicals and Appa.

Extra Lecturei aitrf Demonttratian*. —
Comparative Anntomj, one Cuursc. 2\
Guineas; unlimited, 4 Guineas. Ophthal-
mio Surgery (free to all students of the
Hoapitnl), one Courae, 3i\ Guineas; un-
limited, 4 Guineas. Dental Surgery (free
t^ ail general stodenta of the Hospital),
one Coucse, 2\ Guineas; unlimited, 4
Gnineas. Mental Dlseaaea (free to all
students of the Hospital), one Conrse, 21
Guineas; unlimited, 4 Guineas. His-
tology (Dr. Klein) (free to all atudents of
the Hospital), one Conrse, 21 Guineas.
Hygiene {free to all gtndente of tho Hos-
pital), one Courae, 21 Guineas. Operative
Surgery, one Conr»e, 6 Guineas (including

Medical Practiee J^ej.— Three months,
10 Guineas; six months, 16 Guiueasi
two yean, 221 Guineas; unlimited, 311
Guineas.

Surgical Praelice Feet, — Three montlis,
131 Guineas; six months, 19 Guineas;
twelve months, £5 Guineas; unlimited,
31i Guineas.

Dreiterehipe. — Three months, Twelve
Quineas; six months, IS Guineas; twelve
months, 25 Guineas.

All students are required to conform to
the Rules and Regulations of the Hospital
and Medical School ; Bud the holding of a
ticket ia conditional on tho student's work
and conduct being satisfactory to the
authorities of the Hospital and to the
Medical Officers.

The attendance on Lectures of all
students is registered.

There are numerous scholarships to ha
had at this College.

Tlie system of Clinical teaching hasheen
arranged so as to afford every student
personnl instmction in the wards from the
Physicians and Surgeons thomaelves.

The Courses of Lectures ou Physiology
and Surgery have been reraodcllod iu con-

I

^V 70

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

I

formitj witli the new regalationa of the
College of SorgeoQg.

Spcoinldppsrtiiicnts have been DrgHoiaed
for practica! iuatructioQ in Miilwifvr; and
Diseases or Women, Ophthalmia Practice,
Sbin I»9eiiBea, INseaBea of tho Throat,
Orthopasdic Snrgerj, Aaral Surgery, and
Dentiatrj. Lectnres on Pablic Health are
given by the Lecturer on Mrdicine.

PracticBl Medicine, Pathology, Morbid
Anatomy, Faychological Uedicine, and
Comparfltiye Anatomy are taught ia dis-
tiuet Coureea.

Inatraetion ie given in all the special
modes of Medical and Snrgical invea-

JfeM for Leelurei and Soapilal Prac-
tiea. — I'erpetnal Pnpila' Fee, £1B0, pay-
able in the following inatalments, viz.: —
First year, £46; Becond year, £A&i third
year, £10; or one payment of £125 at

Oentlemen who hnva commenced their
Profeaaional Education at any of the
Eogliah Dniversilies, and haya there com-
pleted a year, or tno Sessions of their
atndiea and Hospital Practice, wilt be
allowed a reduction of £40 from tbcir Fee
as Perpetual PopiU, Others will bo ad-
mitted to the same privileges on pay-
ment of a reduced Fee calculated on
the proportion of Lectures and Hospital
Practice from which they can claim ex-
emption by producing certificates which

'ill

accepted by the Licensing

Fesa for the Courses required by the
EAamiuing Boards: — First year, £15j
second year, £45 ; third year, £30; fourth
year, £20. These payments do not confer
the privileges of Perpetual Pupils.

The extra charges net inclnded in the
above Pees, are : — Practical Pharmacy,
£3 3s. i Practical Chemistry, £4 4e. (both
of which may be attended out of ths
Hospital); Subjects tor Dissection, each
Course, £3 3s. (two Courses are com-
pulBOry); Operative Surgeiy, £2 ga. : Sub-
Bcriptiou to the Library, lOe. 6d. per
annum i Compiirative Anatomy (not com-
pulaory), £4 4fl.

No Fee ia charged far the appointments
of Hoose Pbyaiulans, House Surgeons,
Surgeons' Dreseera, and Clinical Clerks to
the Physicians and Surgeons.

Students may enter to separate Courses
of Lectures, and to Medical aud Surgical
Practice reapectivety, for the following

Satpital Fraoiwe

. 31 10

Physiology, one Course ....
Chemistry, one Course ....
Medicine, one Course ....
Surgery (including Ophthalmic Surgery) one Cours*
Midwifery, one Courae ....
Materia Medica, one Course
Medical Juriaprudence (including FsycholDgy),

Course .....
Botany, one Courae ....

Practical Medicine, each Course

„ Surgery, each Course .
Pathology, each Course ....
Higtology, each Course ....
Praeticul Physiology, each Course
Comparative Anatomy, each Coarse

:BxtraCovTsea{ffeetopupiU). — Morbid ia not f
Anatomy, Dental Surgery. Aiiral Surgery,
Practiced Midwifery, Diseases of Skin,
Diseases of Throat.

[N.B.— The Medical School Committee
reserre to tlieraaelves the power of with-
drawing from any student, whose conduct i

7 7 unlimited 8 18

IX. — St. Maby'9 Hospital Medioal

School, Paddington. W.
The Course of teaching at this School
asnrei careful and complete preparation

I
I

1

i

for all thfl Emmining BoHrds, the Pnbli
Services, and the liighor University Bi-
BjQinationB. Special instruction is give
to students preparing for tlie Eiaminntiou
of the Univeraity of Loadon.

The Medical Tutor aBsiets the Btndent
in tlieir Clinical n'ort> and in prisparin.
for the Final Euminatione, bd tlint th
training of every individual student is
Boperviaed. Ophthaimic, Aural, and Den-
tal Surgery, Comparative Anatoiny, Hia-
tology, and Patholngy, are carefully and
syBtemattcallv taught both hy Lectures
Practical DemonstrationB. There are :
departments for .the Diseniiea of Woi
and Childri^n, of the Eye and Ear, of
Skin, and of the Throat.

Svholarahipa and prizes are to be ha<
this Sohnol.

Jfe» /or Attendance. — For Med
Practice t— Three mouths, 6i QuinenE ;
months, 9 Guineas; twelve moriths, 15
OuineBB ; ^ghteen montha, 19 Gni
unlimited, 25 Quineaa.

For Surgical Practice ;— Three mODths,
7i Guineas; sii monthB, 11 Quiuoii
twelve months, or the time required hy
the College of Surgeons, 25 Guineas ;
limited, 37 Guineas.

Entrance Fee to all the Lectures
quired for the Einminationa at the Koyal
Collegea of Physicians and Surgeona, and
the Society of Apothecaries, GS^ Guineas.

Entrance Fee to the Hospital Practice
required by t)ic Boyal Colleges of Fhyai-
ciana nJid Snrgeona, and the Society of
Apnthccanes, 44i Guineas.

Entrance Fee to the Hospital Practice
and Lectures required by the Royal
Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, and
the Society of Apothecaries, 107 Guineas,
in instalments, or 101 Guineas in one snm,

Entrance Fee for nnlimited attendance
on the Hospital Practice and all Lecturca
delivered in the School, including one
Courae of Practical Chemistry, 125 Guineas,
in instalments, or 119 Uuineaa in one sum.

Entrance Fee to the Hospital Practice
and LeqtnrpB required for the EiHiniimtion
in Dental Surgery hy tbe Royal College of
Surgeons, 62j Guineas.

Students who have kept the two years'
Course of Medical Study at the University
of Cambridge are admitted as Perpetual
Pupils on payment of a Composition Fee
of 68 Guineas; and atudenti who have
kept a portion of the Course there or else-
where, at a proportionate reduction.

Tbe above Entrance Fees may be paid
hy inatolmcnts of 50 Guineas at the
commeocemeDt of the first year, ID

Guineas at the commencement of the f
second year, and tbe remainder a
comnieneemciit of the third year,
diffetentauma by special arrangement with ■
the Dean of the School.

X, — St. Thomas's Hospital Mbdioai^ |

Has several valuable scholar
tacbed to it.

Fees for Atiendaacf on tht Leclufei ani I
onihe Practice oftheSotpital. Perpetual
TUkett, admittisg to Hospital Proctioefor
an unlimited period. — The Perpetual Pee
to Hospital Practice and lectures may he
pud in several ways; — 1st. £125 paid on
entrance; Snd. £130 in two payments,
£70 entrance, and £60 at the beginning of
tbe next year; 8rd. Payment by three
instalments — viz. of £60 at the beginning
of the first year, £50 at the beginning of
the second year, and £30 at the beginning
of the third year.

Gentlemen entering at St. Thomas's in
the second year of their studentship pay
£65 for that year, £25 for the third
year ; or, upon paying £85 on entrane^ J
they will become Perpetual atudenta. |
Students entering in tlieir third yea
£10, for the neit year £20; or, out
ment of £55 on entrance will entitle thein J
to be Perpetual students.

The Fee for attendance on the genrrat I
BUhjects required of students in Dental |
Surgery, is for the two years, £i
instalments, £50 for tbe first year, and 1
£10 for the second year. If ccrtiflcatM I
for Denial Practice arc also required,. I
the special Fee for that subject has to ba

Regularly ijualified Medical Practitioner!
are admitted to the Hospital Practice, and
to the Lectures and Library, on payment
of a Fee of £12 lOa. for unlimited at-
tendence; but are not entitled to receive
certificates for inch attendance.
All prinleges in respect of Hospital st-
indance ace granted subject to the approval
:' tbe Uoveruors, and students must con-
form to the regulations of the Hospital and
Medical School, on which understanding
alone cards of attendance are granted.

(

Students attending the Clasees of Prac-
tical Chemistry and Practical Phyaiology
are required to pay One Guinea and a
half for each Claaa, as a contribution
towanls the coat of instruments s
,ndof materials used by tl . ...

Students attending the Class o;

jnts sapplied, ^H
Jloss of Prao- ^H

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

I

I

I
I

tical PhyBiolagj should at once provide
tbemselvci witti Microecopea.

Each Btudent atteoding the CIbsb of
Pflthologieal Anatomjj will be Teqairtd
to pa; Half -a- Guinea for rengeuts and
necessBry apparatas.

StadsntB DLsaecCing pa; for tbe parts
tbaj diSBEOt at filed ratea, which are
notified in the Library.

Each etndent attending- the Coarse of
Practical and Manipulative Surgery, will
be reqoired to pay for the parts of the
bodiea upon whicb he cuay operate, at the
Mine rate as for subjects for dissection.

Tbe Clinical Clerks mnat provide tbem-
■elvea with a Stethoscope and Registering
Clinical Therm emeter. The Dreaaers are

Dental Practi
perpetual, 3 Gui
For Lecture! and Demunsiralioru

required to have a Regiatering Clinical
Thermometer, a. Pocket Case of Instr
ments. and a Case of Silver Catheters.

Each Btudent wishing to make use of
the Libniry will be required to pay One
Guinea for the whole period of bis aludiea
at the HoBpital.

Tbe different Conreca of Lecturea, or
the Hospital Practice, ma; also be attended
separately on tbe following terms :

For the Medinal and Surgical Practise,
inchtding the Sjiectal Departmenie, — Three
months, £15 ; six months, £26 ; nine
months, £36; twelve months, £40; per-
petual, £55.

" ■ ■ " year, 2 Guineas;

Medicine, Surgery, Physiology, Anatomy, Chemistry, each 7 7 . 10 IC
Midwifery . , . . , . .550.6f

Materia Medica, Botany, Phyaics, Forensic Medicine,

General Patholi^iy, and Comparative Anatomy, ench 4 4 . G E
Mental Diseaaea, Ophthalmic Surgery, State Medicine, each 3 2 , 3 8
•Practical Chemiatr;, Practical Snrgery, Practical Ph;-

Biology, Pathological Anatom;, each . , .660. ~

DiaaectioDS Three Months, £4 4s. ; Six Months, £6 6s. ; Perpetual, £10 10a.

Instruction in Phannacj and Pbarma-
oentical Manipulation, to meet the re-
quirements of tbe Royal Collegea of
PbysiciauB and Surgeons, and of tbe
Society of Apothecaries, is given in the
Dispensary of the Hospital by the Apothe-
oary.TbeFeefor thisCourBeotlnBtrnction
ia 6 Guineas for three months. Application
to be made to the Secretary, Dr. Gillespie.

Tbe Pathological Division is most v
■hie and complete, containing upward
8000 speeimona, arranged in aecti
The collection of Hnman Anatomy i
tains a. series of disaected prepacati
There is a large and valuable collection of
Calculi, and a section representing various
Malformations.

The MuBeum of Comparative Anatomy
contains about 1000 preparations, many
of them of great value and interest, a
large number of these being the gift of
Mr. Stewart, the Curator of the Museum

XI.-

open daily foe the purposes of study to
over; student of tbe Callege. from S a.m.
to 5 p.m., except on Saturdaya, when it is
closed at 2 p.m. ; during tbe vacation it ia
open from 10 to 4, Saturdays 10 to 1,
except when closed for cleaning.

The Medical Library is open daily for

for 1

eat hi

The Museums of Anatomy and Patho-
logy, are open to the students for purposes
of stud; from 9 till 5 daily.

The Musenm of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoolog;, under the direction of Pro-
fesBor Lankester, is open daily to students
of the College.

The Museum of Materia Medica and
Chemistry la open from 9 till 5.

Tbe MuBBum of Geology is open daily
to all students of tbe College.

Tbe Museum of Natural Philoaopb; is
open daily to all students of the College.

The Parkes Musenm of Hygiene, under
the direction of Professor Corfield, i
daily to all stodeuts of the College.

I

prescribed for the Lin

PhjBicians, for the Diploma of the College
of Surgeons, and for the Licence of the
Societ; of Apotliecnriea : —

125 Qninetis, if paid in one sam at tlie
commoncenieat of Che Courao, or 130
Qnineaa if paid by inataliQuuta, ua follows ;
Pint year, 60 Ouineaa; Secnud year, 50
Gnineae; Third year, ZQ Gaineaa.

These Fees nduiit bi perpetnnl atten-
dince upon Hoapital Practice aud upon the
Lecture* in Anatomy, Physiology, Chcm-
fstry, Surgery, Medicine, and Midwifery,
and to three yeaja' Practical Anatomy ;
to one Course each of Botany, Materia
JledicB, Practical Chemiatry, Practical
Phytiology, MedicaUnriaprudence, Patho-
logical Anatomy, Practical Surgery, and
Pliartnacy.

For perpetnnl attendance upon the
Clueseg of Materia Medica, Medical Juria-

Srudence. and Pathological Anatomy, a
orther Fee of one Guinea U payahle in
each ; for every additional year of Prac-
tical Anatomy, one Gninen; for a second
Coune of Practical Pliysiology, two
Ouineas ; of Practical Chemistry, three
Guineas ; of Practical Snrgcry, fonr
Gninoaa.

Upon payment of the above Fees, the
student will be provided nith n Ticket,
which mnat heproaented to each Professor
for aignatuce within one week of com-
mencing attendance upon his Claaa ; and
at the beginning of every Sesaion aftci
the flrst, this Ticket mnat be brought t(
the Office to be renewed and redated for
the pnrpoaea o[ cegistratioa.

Tliise Tickets will not be renewed aftei
the expirotion of Five Yeara from the date
of their iasne, except (1) to studenta who
have obtained a Medical or Surgical
qnuliftcation, or (2) with the approbation,
in writing, of tlie Uean of the Fnenlty-

Certiflcotoa of attendance upon any
Claaa must in all eaaee be initialled in
the Office before being preaented to the
Prafesaor for aignature.

Sir William Jenner ia Profeaaor of
Clinical Medicine at tliis Hoapital.

(Opposite WestmiuBter Abbey)
Fati.—lu one payment, £92 iOs. ■
two payments oE £'IS each, payable
entrance and at commeocemtnt of second
year respectively ; by paymenta diatribnted
over five Sessions, amounting to £1UT 2a-
Thore are no extras, except parts for
Dissection. Foes for shorter periods

for Single Couraea may be learned on

iplicatTon to the Dean.

Totorial ClaBses, to ailbrd spociiil pre-
paration For the Examining Bodies, are
bold four times a week, Attenilance on
these Classes is compnlsory, and no ad-
ditional charge is made-

xni. — WoMFH'a School op Mbbicikh
(30, Henrietta Street, Brnnawiok Square,
W.C.)
In association with the Royal Free Hos-
ital, Gray's Iiiu lioad. General Com-
pounder's Fee, £90. Hospital Fee, £45.

MANCHESTER

OWHII'8 COLLBSB {MjHCBBSTHK RoYix)

iJcaooL or Mbdicihh
The Infirmary contains 105 Medical and

190 Surgical Beds. The annaal average
imber of Out and Home patients is over
1,0001 and the liat of caauiilties in the

Accident-room eiceeda 6000 per annum.

rbe eaaocinted Hoepitala (eieluslve of the

Lunatic Aaylnm) contain together 560 Beds.

Medical Practice. — Three monthi, 6
Ouiucasi ail mouths, 9 Ouineaa; twelve
montha, 12 Guineas; full period required
by the Examining Board, IS Guineas.

Surgical Practice. — Three months, 9
Gnineaa; six months, 12 Quineaa; twelve
months, 18 Guineas; full period required
by the Examining Board, SO Guineas.

wiKTEB aKaaioN

£ a. d.

Medicine 6 5

Surgery 5 6

Practical Surgery . . .440
Operative Surgery (Special

Course) 2 2

Pathology and Morbid Anatomy 4 4
Deacriptive Anatomy . . G 5
Practical Anatomy (Disjectjons)

G months . . . .380
Practical Anatomy (Diaaections)

3 mouths . . . .220
Physiology and Hiatologj (Lec-
ture Course) . . . .650
Practical Pliyaiology and His-
tology (Extended Course)
variable foe
Chomlstry Lecturea, Jnnlor or

Senior closa . . . . 2 12 6
Chemistry Lectures, for both

chisaes 4 14 S

Chemiatry Lectures, Tutorial

clnaa 10 6

Organic Chemistry : General
i . cooroe 2 12 6

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

I

Chemiitry :

. 1 U

Chemiatry i for both

canraea 3 10

Practical Chemiitry (Extended

course) variable fee.
Zoology and Comparative Ana-

tomj 4 14

or exclueive of Demonstra-
tiona . . . .33'

STTmlEB SEBHiaK

ObBtetrio Medici

Medical JoriBprndence anil Hy-

Hateria Medica and Thi^rapcu-

Ophtlialmology

Fractieal Pbyeiology and His.

lology .
Ptactioal Chemiatry .
Practical Chemiatry, extra fee

for chemicals
Botany, including the Demon-

stratiouB on Mondays ,

The Museuma of Hnman and Comp
tive Anatomy and Materia Medina are
to all atudentB of tho Medical School.

2 12

I

Fbo—I. a PerpBtaal Ticket for Lec-
tnrea at the College may bo obtained : —
(i) By payment of 60 Guineas on en-
trance, (ii) By payments of 27 Onineas
at the com men cement of the firat and
aecood Winter SeagioQs. (iii) By throe
annual instalments, each of 20 Qniueaa, at
the commencement of the Seisional year.

2. FecB for attendance on Hoipital Prac-
tice : — For three inontha' Medical and Snr-
mcal Practice, 4 Guineas. For aii months'
Medical and Surgical Practice, 6 Onineaa.
For one year's Medical and Surgical Prac-
tice, 7 Oaineaa. For perpetnal Medical
and Surgical Practice, 17 Guineas. Or by
instalments at the commencement of the
Sessional jear, vii. : — First year, 7
Oaineos; second year, 6 Ouiueaai third

Emr, 6 Gnineas. Three single Courses of
ectures or Tutorial Claasoa (except the
Courae of Chemiatry), 4 Guineaa; Chem-
iatry, 5 Guineas.

isSaObi'ds. Thet

children, and for Ophthalmic and Syph!
liljc Digeaae«. Clinical Lectures are it
livored by the Phyaiciuna and Surgeona L
rotation three times a week. Pathological
Dcmonat radons aro given as opportunity
offera by the Patbologiat. Practical Mid-
wifery can be studied at tho Newcastle
Lying-in Hospital, where there ia an out-
door practice of about 400 cases annually.
There are valuable scholarablps attached
to (hia University school.

SHEFFIELD

The Fees for attendance on the various
Coursea of Lectures at this School are as
IqUows :— Pbyaiology, £3 3s., and second
Coarse, £S Za. Anatomy (including De-
monstration s), £4 4s., and second Course,
£Z 2s. Pmciice oF Medicine, £4 4s., and
second Coarse, £2 2b. Practice of Sur-
gery, £4 4s. Chemistry. £4 4«. Mid-
wifery and Diaeasei of Women, £4 4s.
Materia Medica, £3 3a. Medical Juris-
prudence, £3 3a. Botany, £3 3s. Prac-
tical Chemiatry, £3 3s. Practical Phyaio-
logy. £3 3b. Practical Sargery, £3 3b.
Tutor's Foe, £2 2s.

Perpetual licket for attendance on all
Lectures required by the Royal College at
Surgeona and the Apothecaries' Hall, £45.

The Fees for attendance at the Ctoneral
Infirmary or the Fublio Hospital are as
'follows :

Perpetnal attendance, £16 ISa. for
Medical, and £21 for Sargicat Practice.
Twelve months' Medical and Surgical Prac-
tice, £10 10b. each ; and six montha, £6 6b.
each. The Library at the Medical School
is open to the students under certain regu-
lations. Prizes and Ccrtiflcatea of Honour
are given annually.

BULOAEIA

Op to qaito lately a Medical Diploma or
certificate in proper form, given by any
publicly recognised tlniveraity or College,
has been alone required, beforo a Medical
practitioner could follow hia profession in
Bolgaria. Now, however, there is or^n-
ised at Sofia a Medical Board, which
insists uiun an Examination being passed
by all who wiah to practise Medic'

CHASNXIL ISLANDS

Those ialands belong to the Britiah Em-
pire, and have a large population. Jersey,
eO.OOOi Uuemaoy, 35,000; Aldtrney,
3,000; Sarki and Herm. The language

1

I

I

■pokcn is generallf Norman- French, but.
English is often nndemtood in the towns.
The climate is delightful anil equable, sod
buaineaa genersilly briak. Tberii is abeam
cODuaunicatioD with Southampton and St.
Male. There are uo UDivenitieB or Medi-
cal Schools. The following are the candi-
tiooa for Medical Practice.

After March 25tb, 1878, no person will
be allowed to prnotlsu Medicina or tiurgnry
without having previoualj obtained per.
miasiaufrom the Koyiil Court to that aQbcC.

The Ko;al Court will ooiy graut that
petmiBBioQ to persuni fulfilling one of tha
folluwing conditions, viz. that he be

1. Registered as a Medical Practitioner
in Great Britain, or possessed of a register-
able qoHlidcatioD.

2. Doctor iu Medicine of the UDiversitj
of Frauoe.

3. Doctor in Medicine of the Univeraity
of StrasBburg.

4. Doctor in Medicine of any recogniaed
and approved Fureign or Coloniul Unirer-

Bilj.

6. Burgeon in the Army or Royal
Marines, or q^cier da lante of France,
provided that he publicly practised Medi-
cine or Surgery in tlia blandafor ton years
prior to 1st January, 1878.

The Royal Court, in ^nting the said
permission, will specify in its Act the title

Any person who shall, after 2Sth March,
1878. with tlio intention of disregardin
the present law, practise Medicine or Sui
gery in these Islands withoat having ot
tained pennissioo Irom the Royal Court,
shall be tiabla to a Bnc, not exceeding
Twenty Five Pounds sterling. In default of
payment of the Bae, he shall be imprisone '
for a t«rni not exceeding three monthE

The above regulations do not apply
to Medical Offlrera or Snrgeooa in Hei
Mi^eaty'a service on active duty in tbesi
islanda.

CORSICA (LA C0B8E)

This large island belongs to the French
Republic, and is under 1-^ench laws, as
regards Medical practice, so that to prac-
l French Degree or Diploma of q;?!-
de tanti must be obtained. Ajaci'iu
is Che capital town, and has a popalation of
11,000. It is tiae of the loveliest apots

B ?8^

Europe, and enjoys an exceptionally
iltircd situation, which makes it of value
the invalid. The strong winds of the
Mediterranean are not felt here at all, and
limata is moister, and, perhaps, a, little
er than at Cannes and Nice. In Sep-
tember there is risk of slight malarial
rer, but at other timea of the year it it
oat salubrious. There are no British
lysiciaua here, but eminent Frenob Ptay-
3iaas can always be obtained.

CEETE (CANLIA)

This magnificent island, which hag a 1
population composed of Greek Christiana I
ind Turkish MohammedanB, is niider the
rule of the Ottoman Empire, which ac-
connts for the aadiy neglected state of
Education fonnd generally iu the island.
There is no University or Medical Schotd, j

DEHMASE

COPENHAGEN
Thia is the only Univeraity in the King- {
dom, and its Medical Faculty require
before matriculation, a certificate in Art
from a recognised Cniversity or Literarj
College, or else a Preliminary Eiamination
must be pasted. The instruction in the
Facnlty of Medicine is given free of charge
to the students, at the Academy of Snrgery,
and at the King Frederick's Hospital.
The student must attend a two yearg*
Course of instruction iu Zoology, Botany,
Pbyeics,andChemistry (including analysis).
After passing an Eiamination upon thew .
subjects, be most attend a five years' Course
of Btndy of the Medical subjects, after
which he mast pass a written Examination
upon Medicine, Surgery, and Legal Medi-
cine, and a. Practical Examination upon
Surgery, Medicine, Operations, and Dissec-
tions; and one year aftt'rwards an oral Ex-
amination before the Faculty and two Cen-
sors appointed annually by the Minister,
upon Anatomy, Physioli^y, General Patho-
logy, Pathological Analomj, Pharmaco-
logy, Medicine, Surgery, and Ohstetrlca.
The Degree of M.D., with the right to
practiae in any part of the Kingdom, and
in Iceland, Uornholm, or the Faroe Islands
is then conferred. Certificates of attend-
ance at tha Lectnrea of any respectable
Dniversitj or Medical School are accepted
in place of those of this University, and
admittance is panted to the three Kiami-
natioLiB on Medical subjects, named above,
which in this case would all take place at the

I

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

I

FEAHOS

Intte last century the teaching of Medi-
clae in Fraoce underwent s gritat revolu-
tion. Formerly there were aevenil Uni-
TersitieB io the conotry, all ompawereil to
gmnt Mudical Degrees, with (he right Ui
practiEe. In 1794, however, s decree of
the CDDvention eitingnisbed both the Uui-
verBily of Pari*, which had oxiated since
the year 1109, and the ProvinLial Uaiver-
BitiBB ; and in 1796 thej were sncceedod by
the College tla Friincu, with ite subordinate
provincial Lyceea, which ia known now bb
the XroiverBity of France, includinR the
Uedical Facolties of Paris, Montpellier,
Nancy, and Lyons, the Medicnl Schoola, or
Aolei de pUin extrciee of Nantes, Mar-
t^llea, Bordeaux, and Toulouse, and the
Medical Prepnrutory Schools of Rennas,
Angers, Poitiers, Arms, Limoges, Besuni^on,
Clermont, and other towns.

Tbe Professors receive a salary eqaiva-
lent tn about Three Hundred and Twenty
Pounds per annum, and have no pocmiiary

PintoreBt whateyer in the size of their clsBses,
Degraea in Modicine of the Urtiversity of
France are conferred by the Faculties of
Paris, Montpellier, Nancy, and Lyons, ander
ngulationa laid down by the Qovornment.
A candidate for a Degree in Medicine
muBt, when he entors on Ilia Medical atndies,
have attained hia eighteenth year, and pro-
duce a cortitlcatc of his birtli, duly legnliaed,
and, if he ba a minor, the oODsent of hii
father or goardian for the step he \i
taking. He mast, likewise, be furnished
with a certificate of hia personal respecta-
bility {boime vie et maun), and, if he be a
' r, and his father or guardian do not
in town, be ninst find a snrety. A
Course of study of four years is necessary
I , before the stndeut can be admitted to Ex-
'jf aminntion for the D^yee of Doctor of
W • Medicine, or of Medicine and Sorgery.
* Tbe student most enter in November, when
A the scholastic year begins. Ou lodging thi
8 above papers with the Secretary of the
W Faculty, together with the Diploma of
A hachtUer-ia-leltra, he must enter his nam
' &c., in a register kept tor that purpo^
f and is giyen a carte d'iaicriptioH. He

I renews bis inicriptjon every quartet

he has taken oat sixteen inscriptions

At the end afthe first three yenra of stody,
the atndent has to anbmit to a i '
Preliminary Examinationa, termed
du Jin d'atutee, which ia divided into three
parta, and which may bo passed at once or
the Coarse of three years. The first

L in the

compriaes Phyaics, Chemistry, and Natural
History, considered in their application
to Medicine; the second consista of the
'lementa of Anatomy (bonea, joints,
ind muscles), and tbe elements of Pliy-
siology ; and the third conaiBts of Medi-
cal and Surgical Pathology. By the end
of the third year, it he have not done
before, tbe foreign as well as the French
ident must produce tbe Diploma of
baetitlier-ei-ieieiieea in the French Uni-
for wliioh he is examined in
Physics, Chemistry, and Natural History.
For British students, however, the Degree
of Bachelor of Arts, or a certificate of
ng passed the Matricnlation Eiami-
on of any of the Universities of Great
Britain, woald be accepted as equivalent to
the French Degree, for which latter the
cost ia 60 franca, or Two Pounds of English
money. The Examinations of the_^B iTannBa
take place in July of the first, second, and
third scholastic yeara on the subjoots men-
ioned above s failing in any of which,
nd in another trial in November, the
student cannot present bimaetf again for
lixaminntion, nor take out another inscrip-
tion, till after the lapse of a year. From
the eighth to the sixteenth inscription, the
student must attend a Hoapital. At the end
of the fourth year he can go in for the final <
Eiamlnations for tbe Degree of Doctor,
termed examena da doctoral, or exaiiKtis de
rAeption, These consist of five parU, and
alter them a Theaia. The following are
the anljects of the five Emminations ;

1. Analamy. Physiology, and Histology,
with Diasection.

2. Medical and Surgical Pathology.Oper-
ntire Surgery, Operations ou the Dend
Body.

3. Medical Natural History, Medical
Physics, Medical Chemistry, Phsrmacology.

4. Hygiene, Forensic Medicine, Materia
Medics, Therapeutics.

5. Clinical Medicine, Clinical Surgery,
and Clinical Midwifery.

The last Examination is strictly practical.
Three cases (one of each in Medicine,
Sargery, and Midwifery) in tbe Hoapital
are selected ; and the Diagnosea, Prog-
noses, and Treatment, are expected to be
given.

The Theaia consista of a IKssertation i
French, printed at tbe expense of the cat
didate, on a Buhject selected by him i
Medicine or Surgery. The candidate has
then to undergo a vivSvoce Examination oi
the subject of his DiBaertabion, and oi
fourteen qnestiouB drawn by lot, corres
ponding totbef ourteen branches of Medical

I

taaglit »t (be echool, and which ore
printed at tlie end of tha Thesis.

'llie CB.tidiilatea are eiuiniued in Freiicb,
efrd I'oee, and one after the otiicr, in the
alphal>eticiil order of their nameg, for
three^qoarters of an houF at each Eittmi-
mitioii, before a Ijourd cumpoaed of u
Preaident, und two or three Membera all of
whom are Frofc«sorB or FrofeisarB agrigea
of the Faculty .

Before going op, however, for the Ex-
amiuution of the Theaia, the cuadidate has
to submit at the secretary'a office a certi-
Gcnte of the right to paas the EiuminutioQ,
which he obtaine from the Minister of
Pablic InatTuction, aad at the aame titue
depoait the price of his Diploma, aod the
Thesis in manuscript. He then selects a
Profeeaor, whose daty will be to eiamjne
the Thesis; and, if net disapproved, the
Thesis ia printed.

In the event of the candidate being re-
jeoted, another trial ia generally allowed at
the end of three monthH.

For tlie Degree of Doctor in Snrgerj,
the candidate will have to submit to a
further Eiamination.

The Fees, which are Sxed by law, amount
in all to 1372 franca, or about £53.

A foreigner holding Medical i^oalifications
to practise Hodicino, if desirous of obtain-
ing the Degree of the Univecsitj of Frnnce,
muat show to the Minister of Public In-
BtnictiDD hia Dipbima, and the certiflcatea
of the Coarse of atndy which he baa luder-
gone in his own Uoiversity or Medical
School. The Minister, if satisfied, will
anthorise the candidate to present bimnelf
for the five Final EiaioiiiBtiuus («xi(Die<u de
rSception). These are conducted in the
French langtiage. The Fees are as fol-
lows : each Examination, 90 francS'^460
franca ; Theaia, 240 IVancs; fifteen inscrip-
tions, 620 franca J three exammi du Jin
d'annfii,90 francs; Diplomas of iaehetier ii
Uttrn at J*«i!i«.nn, 100 francs ; in all, 1100
francs. It will be leen that the candidate
hu to paj all the Fees, altliough
from the necessity of puising thi
nary Examitiatious, and thoat
hacheliar a lettrei et is loiencea. '

The regulations affecting Medical Degreea
in France have recently been altered by
the French Qovemmont. The rollowing is
a translation of the code issued on June
20th, 187a :

I. The studies necoaaary for obtaining
the Degree of Doctor of Medicine last four
yeara ; during the firat three ycara they
may be carried on either in tile Fuciiltirs
in the icolet de plrin exercUie, or in the

Preparatory Schools of Medicine andPhar- I
macy. The studies of the fourth year can I
only be made in a Faculty, or in an ioola ■ {
de plein exercice,

2. The candidates must produce, wht
they take the Hrst inscription, the Diplon
of Bachelor of Sciences, limited as regarda I
tlie mathematical part. They most under- I
go five Examinations and defend a Theaii.
The second, third, and fifth Eiamin
are divided into two parts. The tx
dujln d'aunee uro suppressed.

3. The llvs Eiaminatiooa are c
fallowing aubjcctia : — First Eiamini
Phyaica, Chemistry. Medical Natural His-
tory. Second Examination : Firat part,
Anatomy and Histology; aecond part,
Physiology. Third Eiamination ; Firat
part. External Pathology (Surgery), Mid-
wifery. Operative Surgery; second part,
Internal Pathology (Medicine), General
Pathology. Fourth Examination : Hy-
giene, Legal Medicine, Therapeutics, Ma-
teria Medica, and Pharmacology. Fifth
Examination : First part. Clinical Surgery
and Obatetrics ; second part, Clinical Medi-
cine, practical deuioustrationa in Patho-
logieal Anatomy ; and a Thesis on a subject
choaou by the candidate.

4. TheHrat£iamiDationtaIies placeafler
the fourth inscription and before the fifth ;
the first part of the aecond Examination,
after the tenth iDscription, and before the
twelfth] and the aecond part after the
twelfth inscription and before the four-
teenth. I'hu third Eiamination cannot be
passed nntil the expiration of the, sixth
trimeglTe of study. Any candidate who
does not pBsa the firat Examination in No-
vember, at the laleat, will be pqt back to
the end of the echolastic year, and will Qah
be purmitted to take out any inscriution
daring tha course of that year.

5. OaiulidateB fortbe DoctorBtc,pnpilsof
eeoUi de jilein exardee or of the Prepara-
tory Suhoola, are examined by the Facol-
tica at the perioda fixed in the preceding
article. They may, however, without in-
terrupting their studies, defer the firat Ex-

/aminution until after the twelfth inacrip-
tion. In that case they muat pats the
sccoiid Examination (first and second parts)
before the thirteenth inscription, and, from
the commencement of the aecond year of
study, ate subjected to inLerrogations at
the end of each six montha, the results of
which are transmitted to the FncnlLiea. to
he taken into account in the Ei
foe the Doctorate.

6. The inscriptions for o£lc'\ef de
cannot, under any

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

, verted into inacriptions for the Doctorate
1 of pupils Bctuullj Btudyitii'i
tliJB coiiTcraioa may be permitted in tlie
cue of qfficiert de tatU, who have prnc-
tised Medicine for at least two jeara,

7. Praoljcnl vrork in the LaboratoTj,
Diuectian, and residence neat the Hos-
pitals, arc obligatory. Each annual period
of Labarator; work and Dissection com-
priaes a sii monCha' Coorae, or teiAeslre.
~ " utlieUiupitals must not con-

,e leas than ti

I year,

I

I
I

8. The Fees to be paid hy candidates for
the Degree of Doctor in Medicine are filed
as followa : Siiteen inacciptiona at 32
francs 50 centimes each ^ 620 Francs;
^ht Eiaiuinations at 30 francs -^ 210

Biit«en inscriptiona at 32

franca 50 centimes each , 520 francs.
Xllg-ht Kiamiiiations at 30

francs . . . . 2*) „
Eight certificates of profl-

cienc; at 25 francs . . 200 „

Eipenaea of materials for

practical study, first year,

60 francs; second and

third years, each 40 franca ;

fourth year, 20 francs . 160 „

Thesis 100 „

Certiflcatc of proficiency , 40 „
Diploma . . . . 100 „

Total . . 1360 „

9. Every candidate who, withnat an ei-
onse admitted by the jury, dues not answer
when his name is called, on the day of
which notice has been given to him, will
be sent back for three months, and will
forfeit the Fees wbich be has paid.

10. The Fees paid by the pupils of the
Fscalties go tn the public treasnry. The
Fees paid for inscrlptious and for practical
work by the pupils of the eaalei de pUin
octTcice and the Preparatory Schools go to
the municipal treasuries.

11. The present decree will come into
force on November 1st, 1ST9. Candidates
inscribed before that Ijmo may cbooso
whether they wiU undergo the new mode
of Eiomination or that existing. If tbey
prefer the new mode they will have in all
eases to undergo all the Examinations esta-
blished by Section 3, as above.

Candidates for the Diploma of offioieT de
Masts must produce either the Degree of
bachelier-ii-iciencea, or that of bacAeUer-
ia-letirti, or else a certificate of grammar
(which testifies to the candidate's know-

ledge of classical and Tnodem languages,
and also of History, Geography, Arith-
metic, and the elements of Geometry), and
must take twelve inscriptiona, after which
they most pass three examfjis de r£ceplio%
as follows : — 1. Anatomy and Phyuology.

2. Internal Pathology (Medicine), Ex-
ternal Pathology (Surgery), and Obstetrics.

3. Internal and Extern^ Clinics, Materia
Medica, and Therapeutics. The Fees are,
first exame* da riceptioit, 100 francs,
second, 110 franc, and third, 210 francs;
each inscription, 32 francs 50 cents. This
Diploma entitles the poasesaor to practise
only in the Department of France where
it has been received. An qffhier is for-
bidden Ui perform m^or surgical opera-
tions without the presence of a Doctor.

FicrxTY OP Mbdichtb in Pabib

The School of Medicine in Paris is open
not only to the French public, but to all
who wish to attend the Courses and take
Degrees. Great facilities are afforded to
British and Foreign students for the pro-
secution of their Btadies, all Lectures being
given gratnitonaly, and no payment being
'eqnired for Hospital attendance. For
dissoclians, however, a. payment of 30
francs, or more, is expected from each
atudcnt.

The Medical Sessioos begin for Winter
on October 15th, and for Summer on
April 15th, of each year.

This ijchool of Medicine is, after thou
□f Vienna and Edinburgh, the most noted
in the world, and offers greater edaestional
advantages to foreigners tlian are to be
found at most Medical Schools. Tliere are
in tlic City of Paris many large and well-
appointed Hospitals, such as I'Hotel Dieu,
with 416 beds,l'H6pital do la Charity, with
B04 beds, and I'EOpital de la PitiS, with
709 beds, also a great aamber of different
Laboratoiies for sciontiSo research. Very
eminent Medical men have been and are
connected with this Medical School,
amongst whom may be named MM. Brown-
SequuHl, Claude Bernard, and Charcot.

Faculty ob Mbdioikr in MonTPBtLiHa

Instraction is given in all the ordinary

branches of Medical Education and

several special subjects, and there are

with the School. Clinical instrnetioii
given at the General Hospital and the
Hospital Saint Eloi.

FiOlTLTS OP MbDIOIKB III NaHCY

Clinical inatructlan is given at the Hos-

I pitnls Snint-Chulee, Saint-L&>n, and Saint-
Julieo, and at the MaisDii de Secoara.
There are also varioua Laboratories con-
nected wiUi the Scliuol.

Faculty op Mbwowb ik Lyons
This 19 the largest of the Facultiea, next
to Paris, and haa 300 stndeiita annaHllj.
Clinical Iiistraotion is given ad I'Hot^l
Dieu, with 1000 beda, I'Hdpitikl de la
Charity, with 800 beda, the AntiquaUe,
the Hospice de Bron, and rHdpltal de la
Croii lionaae. There are alao a nambar
of Laboratorivs fur soieiitiSu reseorcb.

OERUAinr

No

e Medici

1 legally pi
(u thia Empire unlesa be baa paaaed thi
"Stoats Eiainen" Board. Tbe law for.
bids anyone to call himself " Arzt "
(Phytician) nnleas he has passed the Btate
Board, or "Doctor," nnless he has paaaed
the Examinationa at Boma Univcrsit; and
thereby acquired tbe Degree. Tbe Doctor
wbo bag not passed tbo State Board is not
a Lia.'Dsed Phyaician and may hold no
appointment whatever, and if he practise,
bas DO power or right to insist on pajr-
meut of hia services. The Physician,
licensed by tbo State Board, on tbe nthei
hand, is not nllowed to call hitnself
" Doctor," unlesa be bns paaeed a Univer-
litj Board. The Practitioner wbo is neither
Doctor nor Physician, practises at hia
peril j for though be is not forbidden by
law to do BO, yet, if any mishap occar
from hia ignorance, ho hia punished not
only by fine, bat by imprisonment for a
period varying from six months to ten
years. The eipenaea of passing tbe State
Board are less than half of those for tbe
Faculty of a Univeraity, and the Exami-
nation is more exclusively practical ; bence
it is lelected by the poorer students who
aeeh only a rnnil practice. Tbe majority
of itndents pass both the Dniversity and
the State Examinationa.and this is especially
necessary for those who aspire to any
Medical Office. No Medical Diploma,
either from a University or otberwiac,
can be obtained in this country wlthont
a Oymnasial certificate, to obtain which
an Examination must be passed at a
German 0;;mBasium (Public School) in
Oreetc, Latin, at least one modern lan-
guage, besides OermaDi Logic, the Physical
Sciences, and Matbematlcs. A candidate
who caimot present this, or an eqnivab'ot
ocrliflcate, muat puss a proliminary Ei-
e snlgucta.

'E to i

The Domher and character of Profea-
eorial Chairs in the Medical Facnltiea vary
greatly in the diffcri:nt Univcraitee, but
n aU wa find Three Claases of Teachers,
til. Professors, extraordinary or assistant
ProfesBora, and prival-donenls.

Thna, at Berlin, there are l-l Professors,
14 assiatants, and 37 privat-doceati, with
about 260 stadentsi Kiel, the smallest
University, with 97 stndents, has 7 Pro-
fessors and 6 pr'val-doeentt.

Tbe Professors are appointed for life,
and at the end of thirty years' servico
con retire on a pension; they receive a
filed salary from the State or University

■a, part of the revenue derived by the

edical Facolty from certain Fees, and
their Lecture Fees from tlie students.
The fixed salary is occasionally increased
according to tbe ancceaa and reputation
of the ProfesEor. Any Doctor in Medicine
may be a candidate for a vacant Choir,
" selection being made by tbe Minister
Pabllc Instruction from a list or names

commended by the Faculty.

The extraordinary or assistant Profes-

rs are appointed in tike mannor from
among the prival-doceali. As a mle,
their compensation comes only from stu-
dents* Fees, hut occanionally a small fixed
salary is allowed.

The position of privat-doceat is acces-
sible to all Doctors of Medicine, and the
number is unlimited. Their compensation
is from students' Fees, and they may not
underbid the regular Professor. At some
Dniveraitiea they are furnished with rooms,
and given a share of the Clinics; at otbocs,
they receive little or no aasistanoe.

There are no independent schools in
Germany. No one can open a Course on
his own responaihility, and the Univer-
sities have alone the power to confer
Academic Uradua. The system of prieal-
doeeiUi, however, compensates in a great
measure for this want of treedom. As
the test of fitness for a Degree in tbe
University, or for the position of a Prac-
titioner in tbe State, is mainly, the ability
to pass certain Examinntious, and us the
■alariea of tbe Profetaors are guSiranteed
by the SUte, it is evident that it makes
little difference as to preciaely when,
where, or how the student gets his infor-
mation, provided only that he really gets it.

There is, therefore, litUe objection to
free, or, as it is sometimes called, "extra-
mural teaching," and bence young men of
ability can establish themselves aa private
teachers, demonstrators, &c, in the im-
mediate vioinity of the Universities, re-

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80

MEDICAL EDITCATION i

PRACTIOB

I
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lying on their own tslenta and tact to
aecure pupils. These are tlic prisat-
doeenta, mutli of wliose tenth ingcouaiats iu
giving short Conrseti, of from six to eight
WGels' duration, on Bpeciul aubjecta. These
prinat'docenti are aobject to certain ro-
gulstiona, and follow In a general way
thu teachmg and directions of the Pro-
feaaor of the apociul branch to which
thay attach themadrea ; thay are undec-
Etood ta he in training for Profesaorehipe,
und, if thay show marked ability aa
teachers or as iuvestigatars, their promo-
laon may be very rapid.

The Conrae of atudy at the Qermnn
Univeraitiea variea accoriiing to the re-
quirements for the particnlsc Medical
Degree, but in no casa is it less than
threa years. At some the Couraa eitenda
over four joara. The following Lectures
are the least which will be accepted by
any of the University Facaltiea, and may
be taken in whatever order the atndent
may wiah. The Couraea occupy nine and
a half months in each year.

Chemistry, aii hoars weekly, for one

Anatomy,

year.

Phjaica, four hoars

Zoology and Comparati
three hours weekly, for one year.

Botany, three bouri weekly, for one

Mineralogy and Qeology, two houra
weekly, for one year.

Anatomy, Hietclogy, and preparation of
specimens, ten hours weekly, for one yeiir.

Pliyaiology and Laboratory wOrk, eight
hours weakly, for one year.

General Pathology, Pathological Anat-
omy, and practical work, six hours weekly,

Pharmscology and Toxicology, two hours
weekly. Cor one year.

Special Pathology and Medical Clinics
at Hospital, ten hours weekly, for two
yeara.

Qeneral and Special Surgery, Hospital
Clinics, and OpEiating, ten hours weekly,
for one year; or Ave houra weekly, for
two years. (This Course may not be taken
' ne aa the previous Medical

Cour

Obstetrics and Gynecology with Clinics,
three hoars weekly, for one year.
' Eye and Ear Clinica, Use of Ophthal-
moBcopa, Operations, four hours weekly,

Forenaic Medicine, two hours weekly,
for one year.

The Profeasara receive £zed salaries.

varying from £120 to £480 annually, and
incrcH8i-J every len years by the addition
of from £30 to £50. Tlio studauts' Fuea
for the entire Course vary in different
Schools from £36 to £5S.

The following are the Qerman Univer-
aitiea in alphabetical order :

BERLIN
The conditions for. Promotion to the
Doctorate of Medicine, Surgery, and Mid-
wifery, at the Koyal Frederick William
University at Berlin, are as follows:

1. Candidates wiahing to be admitted
to the Prorantton Examination must have
studied Medicine at least foar years in
one or more Universities regularly con-
stituted. Univereitiea and Medici Col-
leges abroad are deemed equivalent to the
Univeraitiea in Germimy. (The usual cer-
tificate of preliminary Eduealjon from a
German Qymnasium, or equivalent insti-
tuUan, is alao required.)

2. CimdidatesuDderSOyears of age.who
ive not Matriculated at this Uaiversity,

or who have left previoos to their applica-
tion for promotion, must Ma triculoto again.
ThiB can be done free of cost. Both these
and Matriculated students of this Univer-
sity mast^ before making application for
promotion.takeont a preliminary certilicate
of having left, and will not receive the
real certificate until after promotion.

3. The candidate haa to make applica-
tion to the Dean, handing in at the same
time the documents mentioned under 1
and 2. Than he bos to pass a written and
verbal preliminary Examination before
the Dean, to show hia capacity, before
being admitted to the "exameo rigo-
roaum " before the Faculty. The verbal
Eiumination is generally conducted in the
German or Latin language, and extends,
according to the judgment of the Dean, to
all branches of theoretical and practical
medicine. At the written Examination
an Bxtempore eaaay must be written,
without any asaistance, in a given time.
According to the result of the preliminary
Examination the Dean will or will not
permit the candidate to be admitted to
the "eiamen rigorosum,"

4. After the preliminary Examination,
the DoBQ will lay before the Faculty the
documents having reference to the person-
ahty and the Course of studies of the
candidate, the judgment respecting the
preliminary Examination, and the essay
composed thereat Should that body de-
cide for admission, the Dean will appoint
as early a time as possible for the "ex*

I

There are no fised

B for this Emm [nation; bat, as a, vaie,

ura no ExaiuiiiuliaDB licld during

fain in April, August, September and

I October.

6. Tbe"eianien rigaroBam" takes place
before ait Members of the Fnculty,' is
verbal only, and ia concluded at one sit-
ting, eauh of the Eiaiiiiners examining the
candidate for a qimrtor ot an hour. Mo
brancb of theorotical aud practical Medi-
cine and Bnrgcrj ia eicludad from the
EiiuniDatloQ. It ia generally beld !□
German, bnt if Deceaear; in Latin. From
tbia Examination do candidate can be
exempted. If rejected, aix moutha must
(dapae before read mission.

, 6. After tbia, the candidate maal^ pre-
I lent a Qennan or Latin Dissertation, bt he
I criticised by the Faculty. The Members
of the Faculty are ready to adviie the
candidate as to the choice of a subject for
bia Eaaay, and the worLinf; up of it, bat
the Essay must be entirety original and
self-composed. The candidate must declare
en oath in writing that he haa composed
the Esanj entirely by himself, without any
aid Irom others. If the manascript be
[ pronounced good by the Faculty, tbe can-
didate will havo to get printed, at bia own
expense, hy a certain printer, a prescribed
number of copies (2 quires of text and
binding cost about 85 Heichsmorks). It
must conaiat of at leaat two quires, aud
portray a good acientific knowledge. To
this must be annexed a brief " Curriculum
I vitffl," and at least three Thesea approved
I by the Dean.

7. After this folloirs the public diacna-
sion in the "Aula" of the Ui>iversity,
whii-b ia immediately connected with the
eolemu act of promotion. Tbe discussion
has reference both to the Dissertation and
tbe Theses. Next, tlie opponents chosen
by tlio candidate, who must be at Icaat

i 'three in number, divide on the anhject.
Their names must appear on the title-page
of the Diaaerlation. Afterwards, any one
belflnglng to tbe University is at liberty
(e coron^ to oppose. Both the candidi '
and the oppononta most he dressed
black on tbia occasion. Tbe discnsai
will be either in Gi.nnan or Latin. T
Minister of the edncutioual affalra bus t
privilege of allowing- tbe nse of aniitl:
bnguage, and also of dispensiug with the
diicuasion.

8. After the discnasion is ended, the
ooth taking- and promotion of the candi-
date aa a E)actoT of Medicine. Surgery, and
Midwifery takea place, conducted by thi

Dean or bis representative. After thu
ceremony of promotion ia completed, the
Dean delivers the Diploma to the newly-
created doctor, who inscribes hia name
with hia own hand in tbe book of the
Faculty. Tlie expense of making oat the
Diploma (15 Marks) ia borne by the candi-
date. A copy of it is fixed on the black
hoard of the Faculty, and a certain
number of copies delivered to tbe Regis-
trar of the University for distribution.
Promotion in abseatiA can on no ac-

9. 440 Reichsmarka most be paid to
the Dean ax Fees for the Medical Doctor's
Degree of which 221 Marlta must be paid
on application, and Is lost after tbe " oxa-
iiien rigorosum," if the candidate be un-
successful. Tbe second portion (201
Marks for the Faculty, and 15 Marks for
tbe University Library), may be paid
either at tbe same time with the other or
within the period between tbe "eiamen
rigoroaum" and the promotion. In addi-
tion to this the candidate has to pay
exponsee of printing the Dissertation and
Diploma {vide 6 and 8).

10. The shortest time in which the
whole of tho procecdinga for obtaining a
Doctor'a Degree oan be gone through is
ten days. In this case, however, it is
stipulated that the Dissertation be de-
livered ready for printing to tbe Dean at
tbe iirst application, and tbat tbe other
hasineaa of tbe Faculty permits tbem to
proceed at once to the Exaniinattona. As
a rule, snch a rapid succession of all the
proceedings cannot be depended npon.

This University is one of tbe celebrated
ones of Europe, and is fortunate enough
to possesB the services of the greatest
Pathologiat of the day, viz. Professor Vir-
chow. After Vienna, Edinbargb, and
Paris, this is the moat popnlar University
for Medical and other stndenta in Europe.
Berlin ia the literary and scicntiilc metro-
polis of Oertnany, and, in the Tarions
walks of literature, science, philoaopby,
and art, can show a galaxy of names su<^
aa few cltiea can equal. Since the time
of Frederick tho Oreat, it has been the
policy of the Prussian kings to attract to
their capital, either through professor-
sbipa in the University or otherwise,
learned men in every department of
knowledge. Liebnitz founded tbe Aca-
demy of Sciences in 1700. Alexander von
Humboldt was a professor hare. Tbe
University building is large and' band-
some, and contains a Natural History
Museum, a Zoological Cubinet, a Miaera-

MEDICAL BDUCATION AHD PRACTICE

BONN
This University is of great antiquity,
■nd owes ita popnlarity to the fact that it
Ib the place of etadj of Cho momliora of
the Imperial family of Of nuiiny. The lute
Prince Coniort, the husband of our beloved
EiiipreiB-Queen, wbb a Graduate of this
llniveraity. The Library aontains about
200,000 volutnoB. In tbe vicinity, at
Poppelsdorf, and oonnectoii with the Uni-
venity, are an extensive Botanic Qarden,
a Muieura of Natnral Hiitory, and s large
collection of Zoolugy and plants. There
ore annually abuut 800 atndenta, mostly
German. A Degree in Medicine, Sargepf,
and Midwifery is granted under the fol-
lowing conditions, viz. : — 1. An Examina-
tion in ull brfcnebea of Medicine and
Surgery of Ibout three hours' duration,
held in the Qerman language. 2. A
written scientific Dissertation in Qerman
or Latin. 3.. Public Defence of the
Dissertation in Qerman or Latin. Before
being admitted to Eiamination the candi-
date mnat produce the usual evidence of
anfficient preliminary and Medical studiea.
Tliu Foe for the Exaniiaatinii and Diploma
is 360 Marks (£18), which must be paid
yrior to Eiamination.

BRESLAU

Tha Medical Faculty at this University

quires t)ie following conditions to be

complied with before the Medical Degree

conferred :

I. Certiflcateof maturity from a Qerman

Gym,

lege.

3. An Eiamination, in the German
language, on all Medical snbJectB.

4.. A Fee of 360 Marks (£18).

Before tbe Degree is conferred, alao, a
Tliesis on some Medical subject must be
delivered np by tbe candidate and criti-

Tbis University was brought here from
Frankfurt-am-Odcr in 1811, and has con-
ecCed with it u Mnsenm of Natural His-
arv, and a Library containing 25,000
olumes. The Medical School is in a
onrisliing condition, and baa about 100
studi;uts annually.

ERLANOEN

This University was founded in 1T42,
and has aboat SOO studeots annnally. Its
Library bus got lOO.OOO.volumes and 1000
MSS., with a large collection of Natnral
History objects, £e. The granting of the-
Doctorate by the Medical Foenlty is hosed
on the evidence of sofficient general and
Medical EdacatioD, and u scientific Treatise
composed by the caodidaCe himself, if it
be deemed satiefactory.

The candidate for the Medical Degree
moBt moke application to the Dean, de-
livering at tbe same time the following
documents :

1. A certificate of maturity from a
German Gymnasium, or proofs of tbe
requisite general edacation,

2. Proof of r^ulsr Medical studies at a
German high school, or corresponding
school abroad, during at least three years.

3. A Bcienlillc Treatise in Medical science,
together with a written assuraoce on bis
word of bononr that the work has been
done by tbe candidate hi ni self.

The candidate's Dissertation will be
banded over by the Dean to a referee, who
will report on it,andirtbe report be favor-
able, admission to Eismiaatian is granted.

There ore two Examinations for tha
Doctorate : one, called a collnguinio, for ~
those who have already passed a satis-
factory Eiamination before a German
Commissionof Eiaminersi tbeDther,called
the detailed Examination, for those who
have not passed such an Eismination.

The coUoqninm will take place under the
presidency of the Doan, before three
delegates of the Faculty, amongst whom
must be the referee of the Dissertation.

The detailed Examination will take
place before a Senate of Examiners, con-
sistiog of the Dean and four other Mem-
bers of the Faculty. The Eiamination
tiiteuds to all branches of Medicine and
Surgery, and is held in the German
language. Both the colloquinm and the
detailed Eiamination will be public. The
candidate must get printed, at his own
expense, the Dissertation, must pay a Fee
of 300 Marks for the granting of the
Degree, and must deliver 150 copies of his
Dissertation (printed) to the Faculty.
Shonld the candidate he unsuccessful i
the Examination, the half of his Fees wi
be returned.

FBEIBURG-IM-BREISGAU

This University, founded in 1456, and

containing a Library of 100,000 volumes,

I

I

I

I

il beaatiftiTl; dtu&ted near the Black
Forest, BuiJ was Eormerlj the capital of
the Oracd Duclij ut Builen. Thu riicoltj
of Medicine grants a Degree io Medicine,
Surgerj, and Midwifery, for which the
followiug ore the conditions :

1. A candidate must prodiice a ccrtif!-
ite elioning hia reHpectabtlit; and the
amount of his education, l»tli prior to and
bia admission as a Medical student.
A Bcieptific Diseertation must be
hniided to the Dean, writtcD in Oerman
Latin.

A Fee of 800 Uarlis (£15) maat
bo paid to the chief beadle. In case of
rejection, the candidate will receive half
the Fees back; and when he presents him-
self for Examinatton again, he pajs onlj
that amount, viz, 150 Murks.

Should these conditions be complied
with, and the Thesis be deemed satisfactory,
tile eandidate will be admitted to a nivS
voce EiamiDation, held in the Qerman
Ungaage. The fallowing ere the subjects
of Examination:

Anatomy, Materia Medica, and Toxi-
cology, Physiology, Medicine, Surgery,
Fatholagicol Anatomy, Midwifery, aud
Ophthalmology. If the candidate have
already passed the German States Exami-
nutioa for FbysiciBDS, the number of suh-
jectg tuay be reduced. When the Exami-
nation is passed, one of the following
grades of honour is conferred : — lit Grade.
SutinnS cum taude, Snd Ornde. Iiuti/ni
cum lavde. 3rd Grade. Cum laude.

OIESSEN

The Royal Ladovic Dniversity of Giesse

nhioh is situated on the Kiver Labn, and

the oapital of upper Hesse, poseesaes co

iderable celebrity o

iiany years

phich fuc

was under the supervision of the renowned
Baron Liabig. The Anatomical and Path-
olf^ical Museum connected with the Uni-
versity also possesses considerable celebrity.
The Faculty of Mediuine grants b Degri
in Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics, whii
can only be obtained on the following
eouditioDs :,

I. A Carrimlum vitie, written by him-
■elf, must be sent in to the Faculty hy the
candidate. Also a certificate of Gymnssial
Miiturity, and ■ certificate of at least three
years' Medical and Surgical study st a
University or Medical Institution. If the
candidate be not a native of Germany, he
must produce a certiflcate of sufficient pre-
liminary studies from his own country iu

place of the Gyuinasial Matnnty certificate
(a Degre, " " '
passed uu

■ any recognised University ifl

-'

3 candidate must present B Dis-
tation on some Medical subject, written
Gerntan or Latin, together with a de-
claration in his awn hnnd-writing that he
1 posed the Dissertation himself,
help from others, except what may
he stated by him. In place of the Disser-
tation, a previously published TroaUse Ot
literary production may be sabatitntad.

3. Id case of admission by the Faculty
the whole of the documents are laid before
the RoeCor and the Chancellor, who may
object to the odmission if they aro not
satisfied.

4. If no objectjon be made by the
Rector and Chanccltor, and the candidate
has paid lbs Promotion Fees to the QuiestaT
of the University, the Dissertation is to be
ju% " , "
Claris the work b
candidate is rejected. In the contrary
case, he is admitted to viv^ vom Eiami-
nation before the Faculty.

B. The vivS voce Eiamination takes
place in the German language, lasts two
or three boors, and is held in public.

6. The verbal Examination embracea
(he following subjects ! — Anatomy, Physi-
ology, Pathological Anatomy, Histology,
Pathology and Medicine, Materia Medica
Bud Therapeutics {including Toxicology),
Surgical Pathology, and t^ui^ery. Forensic
Medicine, Obstetrics.

7. Immediately after the conclusion
of the Examination, of whieb a complete
protocol must be drawn up hy the Presi-
dent and signed hy the Eiumiuers, the
result is decided on hy them, in a private
sitting, and st once made known to the
candidate tiy the President. Tlie Exami-
nation is not passed when two or mors
Members of the Faculty declare the result ,
of the Examination to have been nnsaUi<
factory. Thekindof Degiee tobegranted

is decided by a majority of votes — whether
oum lavda, tnoffiiS cwn laude, or luramd -

8. The approved Disaertation must be
printed and published, and the appointed
number be presented to the Faculty. Not
until this has been done, can the promotion
take place. Exception is made when the
candidate has handed In a printed Tn-'atise

9. Promotions to the M.D. in aifes/id
do not take placu at this Uulveraity, eieupt

I

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

in the case of honoru cauiiS, by the nnnni-
roouB deciaion nf the Faculty, tii meu who
have rendered Bciaie great serrice to the
science oF Medicine.

10. Tbe Fee (cir the promotion is 440
Mnrlis (£22), which muaC be paid to the
Qliccstor ot the Uoivergitf at the time of
the petition for admiaaion. If the Disaer-
, tation bo not cnnaiderpd tatisfncfory, and
the candidate in coDaeqncncc bo not ad-
mittvd to the Verhai Einminaiion, 100
Mafka are retnined b; the Faculty, and the
reat returned to tlio candidate. If the
Tcrbal Examination be not paaecd, then
half the Pees are forfeited ; hat if the can-
didate present himself a^aiu, in this case
he has only to pay half the Fees ngain.

H. At the end of the year tlie Rector
for the time being has to poblish in tbe
HeBsiaD Grand Ducal Government News-
paper, and in some other national newspaper
chosen by tiie Univernity, tlie prnmotions
that have taken place daring; the Itei'tor-
»hlp, with the position in life of those

There are in connection with tlie Uni-
versity also a Library coctainine: 14O,0UO
VDlnmes, an Academical Hospital and a
Lying-in Institution.

GREIFSWALDE

The Faculty of Medicine at thia Univer-

aity giants a Degree in Medicine and Sm--

gery upon the following' general coudi-

certificate, or cquivale

2. Satiafactory proof of throe years'
Medical and Surgical studies at a properly
eoDstituted Medical School and Hospital.

3. All ExaniinatioD, condnctcd io the
Oennen language, on all Medical subjects.

Thesis written by the candidate
himself on some Medical subject of his
choosing, the title to bo sent to the
Faculty before appearing for the Eiamina-
Mon. The language used muat ho Latin
ir Oerman.

Upon complying with thesa conditions
the BQceessfnl candidate is promoted to the
Doctorate in the usual manner.

QCiTTINGEN

A Degree in Medicine. Surgery, and Oh-
tctrics is granted under the following
□ndittons :

1. A written Essay ninst be sent in on
uy Medical aubject chosen by the candi-

e, on the rosalt of which depends tho

!. If the essay be considered satisfac-
tory, the etudctit is admitted to a eivd coee
~ imination, which lasts a few hours, and
ilwayg held in German or Latin, at the
option a!' the candidate.

3. A Fee of 439 Marks (£21 19s.)
ist ho paid to tho Medical Faculty prior
Ei ami nation.

i. Tlie sabjects of Eiamination aro
Anatomy and Morbid Anatomy, Physio-
logy, Pharmacology, General Patholigy
and Medicine, Surgical Pathology and
" -gery, Toiieology, Medical Jorispm.
dence, and Obstetrica.

If the candidate be sncceasful, and tlie
certiHcateB of General and Medical Edu-
tion be satiafactory, he receivea a Dip-
ma, and promises to bold his academical
inour with dignity.

This University has for a long time en-
joyed a European reputation. It numbera

al distineniahed names amongst its '
Professors. William III, of England,
itrihuted £3000 to the building fund of
the principal building, which was com-
pleted in 1837, Connected vlth it are a
Muscam, an Obaervatcry, an AnalAmical
Inatitnte, and a Library containing 330,000
printed volumes and 5000 MSB. There is
a large Infirmary and the Emat-
Anguet Hospital.

HALLE

Halle is a large mining town of Prussian
Saxony, with a population of 63,000 in-
habitants. Many eminent men hare been
Professors in its University, which possesses
a Library containing 100,000 volumes, and
a Chemical Laboratory, a Zoological Mu-
seum, and a Hospital.

Tho following are the regulations for
the Medical Degree ;

1. Application for admission to the Ex-
aminations for Medical promotion must he
made to tho Dean, and at the same time
must bo presented. (1.) A Curricnlum
vitae. (2.) CertoBcate of maturity from n
Gjmnnainm. (3.) Certificate ol having
passed a Tentamen phyticam at least
two years previously. (4.) Certificates of
leaving, from the Universities, over at least
eight Medical scholastic half years. Who-
ever is unable to present these certificates
complete, and in the manner sped ~
must obtain a dippensation from the c
manager, tlirongh tho University's Cura'
torium.

2. On making application, 360 Marki

I
1

J

I

must be paid to the Dean for tlio ExamioB-
tiouH lod tlie promotion, beaidcB wliich,
12 Mnrks (4 tbalcra) must be paid before
tlie promotion to the secretHry of the Uui-
BJty, whicb is shared equally between
aim and the beidle.

3. Tbe ExamiuBtious are beld on two
cODBecutire days, b; the regatar Prof essare
of the Faoalty, on each of which daya the
lesolt of tbe Eiamination is made known
to the candiiiate.

4, After passing; his Examination, the
candidate must compose a ecieatifii; Trea-
tise on any anhject he pleaaea within the
whole sphere of Medical Science, and
deliver it to the Dean as au Inangnral
QiaaerUition, together with the Theses, to
be pubUclj discussed, and the Curriculum
vitce tor Eliaminntion and approval; the
eame wben printed must fill at least two
quires. The candidate must bear the coat
of printing both the Treatise and the Dip-
loma ; but the Diploma must be laid before
the Dean for approval before beingprinled.
17Z copies of the Treatise must be delivered
to tbe seoretary of tbe Uuivereity at least-
three days before the promotion, and forty
copies of tbe Diploma, when tbe secretary
will give a receipt in the name of the Dean,
and alao for tbe 12 Marks minitioned under
Mo. 2.

6. The candidates have to request all
the Eiaminers personally to be present at
the Eiamioatioa, likewise tbe Members of
the Faculty, when banding over the printed
Treatise for promotion.

6. In the application for promotion,
the candidate soliciU from tbe Dean, in a
few prelloiinaTy words, pvruissioa to
defend bis Treatise and theTheaei; and
this takes place then against two pre-
viously -a ppoiDted opponentB; after which,
those present (both from within and with-
out the boundariea) are alao called upon M
join the discussion. After the discussion
IS ended, the candidate begs tbe Dean ta
grant him the Degree of Doctor ; and this
is done by administering the DoctunJ
oath, and. delivering the Doctor's Diploma.

7. Whoever fails to pass tbe Examina-
tion, wbicfa includes all branches of Medi-
olne and Surgery, will receive back from
the Fees paid 40j Marks (13 Thalers,
12 Sgr. ] i the rest goes to the Faculty.

8. The time for takinur the Uogr^e is left
for tbe candidate to appoint. He must
howevcri exceed one year &om the tir
passing the Examination to the taking of
the Degree, or else be will have to inbmit
to re- Examination, and must pay over Bgaxa
aU Ibe Fees.

HEIDELBERG

Tbe following are the regulations to be
obaerved for Qraituatlou iu Medicine
this University :

1. In applying for Examination for the
Degree of Doctor, no evidence of Medici
studies is required, ftirther than the pass-

ng of tbe Examination,

2. Tbe same demands are made of all
candidates i tbe only difii:rence is that the
oral Examination is shortened If evidence
be prodnced that tbe candidate baa under-
gone, in tbe Qerman empire, the Staati-

en for licence to practise.
Tbe snbjecta of Examination are (1)
Anatomy! (3) Pbjaiology; (3) Patho-
logical Anatomy ; (4) Materia Medio
(PhocmacogiiosticB, Parmacodynamics, and
Toxicology); (5) Medicine; (6) Sur-
gery; (7) Midwifery; (8) Ophtbalmio
Surgery.

i. A candidate may select one of these
tbe priecipal subject of his Examina-
n. All the other subjects then become
secondary.

5. Tbe Examination ia oral and written.
10 oral Examination can only be con-
icted in the Qerman language.

6. The written part of the Eiaminatioo
nsiats of a Medical Di^aertation in Qar-
ao or Latin, which must be given in

before the oral Examination. The Dean of

the Facnlty of Medicine delivers tbe Dis-

■ rtion (or a scientific publication by

candidate, which may be anbstitutea

for jt) to a reporter for bis opinion. Tbe

reporter is anthorised to bold a converM-

tion with the candidate on the subject

,ted of in the wort. In voting on the

Dissertation, the qaestion is put whether

it shall be allowed to be printed. If it be

printed, the names of the Dean for tbe

being, and of the reporter, must

appear on the title-page.

7. The oral Eiamination comprises the
principal subject chosen by the candidate,
and a eertoin number of the secondary
eubjt'cts. The number and selection of the
secondary subjects vary, according as the
state- Eiamination baa or has not been
passed. If proof be given that a state-
Examination has been passed in the Ger-
man Empire, the candidate is examined in
tbe principal subject, and in throe of the
secondary subjects, selected by himself.
If there bo no proof of a state- Examina-
tion, ho is examined in Ave secondary sub-
jects. Of these, three are fixed — Anatomy,
Physiology, and Pathological Anatomy;
tjie other two may be chosen by the candl-

1

I
1

r

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

d«te. Bat if one dF the threo fixed snb-
Jecta bo cluuun by the cancliilato as tlie
priuoipnl aubjoct, its ptace as a iiecoiidiirj
■ulyect i> takeo hj SiUother, sulucted by
tho CBndid&tB.

8. Tbo duratim of tins oral Bxnmlnit-
tiou depends on tbe numhec of aubject*.
The candidate is ciamined on the prin-
cipid Bnbjecl for thirty minnbea, on each
■econdary anHforfl^onor twunty minutef
acuording to the jadgmont of the Ex

9. On the result of tbe entire EinminB
tiori three votisa arc granted. Tbo Qrat
{tamtrid cam lande) lum oniy be granted
when ths DiaaertUition haa rccvivcd tbe
imprimaCur of tbe Pacalty. Even when
the imprimatur hua hcen received, tlie
remit nf the oral Examinntion may be aucli

to entitle (he caodidate to the aerond

iiiuigni Bum lattds) or to the tbi
aude).

10. NooathiaadininUtored, When the
Diploma ia delivered to the candi<lnte by
tlie Dean, he has to give bis band in^ pro-
ntiae that bo will bear bia acodomianl
dignity with hononr.

11. The cost of the Examlnntjon, excli
uvo of that of tbe Diploma, amanQta in a
to 444 Marka (abont £,Zi). Of tbia ami

' which must be paid before tbe beginning
of the Eiamination, 17'J Marka are re-
■ turned in cnae of rqjectiun.

12. The Diploma contaiiia the deaorip-
tion of the chief snbject, an ontliac of
the whole Emm i nation, and tbe
the Dissertation.

TbeUnivorsity of Heidelberg is one of the
most notiid and liberal in Qormany. It
founded in 1886, and posBeaBes a Library
of 160,000 Tolnmea. There is connected
with tbe Universiby an Anatomical
Zoological Mnsenm. The town ia
Tonnded by beautiful iccncry, being
Bted near the Rhine, on the banlca of the
Nockar, in Bavaria. It ia built on i
narrow ledge, between the river and thi
rock on which tbe caatlo is built, and
poaaesaea no intellectnal aodety and
charming promeoadea.

JENA

Jena ia a very quaint University tawn
&axe-Weiiner, of TOGO inhabitanta,
Antitullj sitaated on the Saale, and i
ouded by woods and mnnntaina. '
jmber of ita atudenta ia about 400 on
.ilj. Liring and education ore i
olieap, aud tbe aurroundiug country ja

very boantiful. Tbe town gircs name to
the memorable battle of October 14tb,
1806, which laid Prussia at tbe feet of
Napoleon 1.

the Medical Degree, the naual evi-
of sulBcient general education ia
required from a. Gernian Gymnasium or
ilent inatitution, and the following
conditions insisted upon :

1. Certificate to be given n to the
tent of Medical atudiea and the period

of time which has elapsed sinoe. their
completion (at least six terms).

2. Satisfactory evidence aa to eharacter
from tbe neighbouring head office of

3- A written Essay npon'any sabject of
Medical aciencc, in (iermnn or Latin.

afterwards to be printed in the
form of a Diaeertation.

4. Matriculation into this University.

Dis is done when, upon fulfliment of the
other conditions, the candidate htmself
makes his appeu ranee.

6. Payment of Examination and Pro-

otion Foes must be made to the amount
of 141 Tbalers (about £22). In case the
Examination is nob paeaed, tbe Promotion
Feea and EiS Tbalers are returned.

The Examination will only he hold in
the QeimsD langaage. It comprises all'
branches of medicine, viz.: — Anatomy,
Physiology, Histology, General Pathology,
Pathological Anatomy, Special Pathology, '
Medicine, Therapeutics, Surgery, Obste-

No Examination takes place in tbe
holiday a. Tbe Faculty holds Exam in x-
tiona from the first day of November to
tbe Sfteentb day of March, and irom tbe
first day of May to tbe fifteenth day of
August.

When tho Examination is passed, Iha
student has to give in his Disaertiition, tbe
Eubject of which he cbooaes for himself.
The Faculty eiamines tbe work to see
wbctbor it ia worth publication. A dia-
penaation from tbe Latin or German
disputation may be granted when tbe
Examination is very Batisfoctorily paased.

After the Essay ia printed, and also
,wben tbe public disputation is over, the
making out of tbe Medical DipbmiL takes
place.

Tlic Degree of Doctor will only be
granted in tbia University by tbe Faculty
upon fulfilment of tho above-named con-
ditioQB.

I

KIEL

The following are tbs canditiotia for
obtaining the Medical Degi'ee :

1. The presentation ou application of
(a) a Carricnlam vitffii (b) cectiScito of
Mudical studies ) (c) a scientiSc Tceatiie.

2. A written Eiaminiitloa,
9, A Terhal Eiaminatioii before the

Pacnlty,

4. Payment of 360 MurliB.

The Eiaminntiona include all branches
of Medicine. The amDUut of ML-dlcal
Htadiea required is three years at a Medical
inetitution. Evidence of the 'necessary
preliminary education ia required to be
shown in tbe Coniciiluin vitcD.

Kiel, formerly a Hause-towiii is nov a
large port, of 32,000 iuhabitiinta, situated
on the Unltic aide of Halatein, and be-
lon^ng to Germany. The University
'"iBcnm of Natural History.

EONIOSBEEG

The Hedicol Faculty of this University

grants a Degree upon the following con-

1. The nsual proofs of Qymnasial Ma-
turity, and Bufficieat Medical studies must
be produced.

2. A Bcientifie Treatise, written by the
candidate, must be handed in, on the
decision coooerQing which the admiesion
to the Eiamiuatian depends.

3. Tho candidate must pass two Ei'
. aniinations on separate days, the first

being preliminary, and embmciDg Ai
tomy. Physiology, Histology, and Materia
Medioa; the vecond being mora severe,
and embracing Medicine, Surgery, Patho-
li^y, Morbid Anatomy, Midwifery, and
Forensic Medicine.

4. Fees to the amount of 425 Marks innet
be pdd to the Faculty prior to Examiai

The Diploma of Doctor is accorded
by the Medical Faculty to no one
does not comply with the above
ditiouB. I'he Eiaminatjons take place iu
the buildings of tho Faculty, and are pre-
sided over by the Deun, who has a casting
vote in giving the decieion. There are
good Laboratories, and all other facilities
for Medical itudiea here.

LRIPZIO

In conneetian with this University are
Cliemicttl, Physico- Chemical, and I'atho-
logico- Chemical Laboratories, a Zoological
loBtitate, an ADatomical Inatitnte,
Physiological Institute under Professor

ST

^ The number of Medical stodi-nt*
duriog the Winter Session ia genernllj'
about 450. The Ibllowing are the Medical
Degree regulations for those who have al-
ready passed the Herman Staals-txamen.
' The candidate must write, in a clear
legible hand, and in the Qerman lan-
guage, a Medical Treatise, which shall give
evidence of . a scientilia education, and
which he must deliver up to the Actuary
of the Medical Eaeu'.ty. The Dean re-

the Treatise and then passes it
Referee and eo-^feree. Their opinion of
I given in writing. If the judg-
favarable the candidate will be
allowed to proceed to the Eiaminntion.
If the judgmeut be not favorable be ii
' litted to E;iamination. The Treatise
t bo accompanied by an autobiography
of the candidiite.

2. The candidate must undergo a verbiil
Examination before three members of the
Faculty. The Trentige will be Bpecially
eiamined opon. The Uxamiuation will
be public, and a protocol of the wboltt
must be drawn up nnd signed by the three
Eiaminers. If satisfactorily passed the
candidate becomes a Doctor ol Medicine,
Surgery, and Midwifery, ahakea .hands
with the Members, and promises to honor-
ably maintain his academical dignity.

3. The expenses of the Eiamination,
preparation of Diploma, stamps, Ac,
amount to 300 Marks. This sum must be
paid to the Actuary at the time of giving
in the Treatise. Should the Treatise be
rejected 225 Marks will be returned.
Should the candidate fail to pass the
verbal Eiamiuation 150 Marks wilt Ira
returned.

The following are the conditions for
those who hare not passed the Qermsn
Slates Examination :

(1.) The candidate ronst present — a. Tel-
timonials of his good conduct, b, (Jerti-
ficHtes of his complete Medical, Theore-
tical, and Practical Btiidies. c. A descrip-
tion of his general edncation.

(2.) The Examinations consist of a writ-

(3.) The candidate must deliver to tbs
Actoary a Treatise in clear and very legi-
ble hsndwritiag in the German Ungnage,
on Medicine, which must display a sound
scientlBc education. The Dean of the
Medical Faculty will receive thia and |>iw*
it toa Referee and co-Referee, who will pass
judgment on it, whieb, if favomblo, gives
the candidate the right to proceed to the
verbal Biamiontion] but before doing so
he must have the Treatise printed at his

1

I
I

I

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

own expetiK, and present tome copies to
the Focultj.

(4.) The lerbal EiamiDat[on caDsists ote.
practical and theoretical teat. Tlie pmc-
ticaJpart is condncted at the Hospital.
The theoretical part is public, and in con-
dncted before five raemberBof the Facnltj,
nho decide, by a majority of rotee,
whether the candidale has passed or not.
The Dean presides and has a castingf rote.
A protocol is drawu np on the Eiamiaa-
tion and signed by the whole of the Ex-
aminers, which, when favorable, entitles
the candidate to the Doctorate of Medi-
cine, Snrgerj, and Midwifery.

(5.) The eipenaes of Eiaminatioos, print-
inf! of Diploma, stamps, &c., amount to
450 Marks, which mnst be- handed in at
thu same time as the Treatise, of irhicli
snm, 375 Marks are returned if the Trea-
tise be rejected, and half the 450 Marks if
the candidate fail te pass the Eiamioa-

Leipzig is the second city of Saiooj,
Biid one of the chief scats of commerce in
Oermaiiy. It consiets of an old central
town, formerly snrroandcd by fortiii ca-
tions, which have been conTerted into
beautiful promenades, and extensive and
rapidly incrcasiag snhnrbs.

MABBUBO

Any one wishing to proi^ced to the Medi-
cal Degree at thin UniTeiBity mast send in
to the Dean of the Faculbr of Medicine
the following;^!, A Corriculnm vilffi.
2. A certificate of suientiBo studies. 8.
A oertiflciite of at least four years' study

a recognised University or Medical Col-
ge. 1. A DisserUtion in the Oennan
language.

If these are considered satisfactory bj
the Faculty, the candidate ia then admitted

vivd voce Eiaminiition in the Qarmaii

language. If the Eiaminatinn he sntis-
faetorily passed, the Dissertation mast be
printed, at the candiJate'a expense, and
pabltcly defended. Also, three or four
printed Theses must be sent in. Tlie cost
for the Diploma is 330 Marks (£16 10s.).

Marbnrg is a prettily-sitneted small
Hessian city on the line from Frankfort to

ICHssel, with a fine cathedral. A Hospital
and various Laboratories for practical in-
struction ore cunnectud with this Univer-
sity.

I

MUNCHEN (MUNICH)

In granting Medical Degrees at this Uni-

Tertity, a di«linction wUl in future he

made between those candidates who have
already passed a satls^tory public Bx-
uinination as Physicians before a German
State Examining Board, and those who
have not, be they natives or foreigners.

From those candidates who have already
passed the satisfactory Qerman Examina-
tion nothing further ia required in order
to admit them to compete for the Doctorate
than the certificate of baviug passed snch
Examination. The Medical Facolty dis-
penses such candidates from a repetition
of an Examination of that kind, as the
having passed gitisCactOTil; thnt Examina-
tion shoira that thoy have falHIlod all the .
necessary stipnlationa, and that they pos-
sess the requisite theoretical and practical
knowledge.

The Faculty reqnires, however, the pre-

eitlier the Latin or Qerman langnitge.
This is delivered by the Dean to one of the
Members of the Faculty for Eiaminiition
and judgment, and with his jndginent it is
circulated amongst the Faculty. H the
Faculty approve of it, then it is printed, at
the expense of the candidate, for the Mem-
bers of the Facnlty.

Candidates, however, who have not
passed tl.e Oennan "ApprobatioD.Examina- -
tion " for Physicians nust, hefore being
ndmitted to the Doctorate Examination,
present to the Medical Faculty the fol-
lowing :

1. A Oymnosial certificate, or at least
such certificate as shows that the candi-.
dat« has enjoyed a regular Education.

2. CerbifiCHtes of at least four years'
attendance at a University or Medical la-
stitution, and of attendaticc at the Lec-
tures on the principal brunches of Natural
Science and Medicine.

3. Clinical certificates of the treatment
of an Internal Surgical and Eye complaint,
and also assistance at a birth.

4. A certificate of the performance of
an operation on the dead body, and the
appliciition of a, bandage.

5. The candidate mnst then pass a two
hours; verbal Examination (in the German
language) in the following branches, vik.
Anatomy, Physiology, General Pathology,
and Pathological Anatomy. Materia Medica,
TherapeQtics, Surgery, Midwifery, Hy-
giene, Diseases of the Eye.

6. The candidate has also to give in a
Dissertation, which must be examined bya
Member of the Faculty, to see whether it
is worthy of being printini. The printintt
may be dispensed with at the reqaest of
the candidate.

7. The Fees for Eumiimtion and Frn-
nmouDt, far bdth kinds of candi-
) 100 TUitlerfl, 300 Marka, or 175
Fiorina (£IS).

Mnnioh is the capital of Bavaria, is
Bitnabtid on tl)B Isur, and coutuiua a popu-
lation of 170,000 inhabitants. It U one
of the moet beautiful cities in Qerraany,
and the centre of modorn Qerman Art.
F the Unironit; is sitauted iu the Lndwig-
f itnuae, is a aew building, and containa a
Library of 500,000 Tolnmea, tha largest
after Paris and Loudon. Amoniat the in-
atitntions counetited with the Uuivemity
majrbe mentioued the Chemlml Labonitory
for Hygiene under the direction of the
celebrated Professor Von PeLtenkofer.

Treatise a written declaration to that effect.
not, however, required that the work
be compoBed entirely «

1 this

i, the littrary at

ROSTOCK
Whoever wishes tt
, Chirurgia .

io graduate bs a Medi-
t Artit QUtetTicim
Doctor at tbia University, must apply to
the Dean of tbo Medical Faculty, and de-
liver to him at the anme time the follow-
ing documents :

1. A certiScate of baying gone throngh
I the requisite Course of studies in a Uui-
1 Versity.

2. A certiRcnte of Examination, testify-
ing to the ability of the cundidute io the
praetical exercise of the healing art.

3. A Treatise on any subject appertaining
to Ktcdtcal Science, compoaed by the can.
didate himself. A Fee of 350 Marks must
be paid to the Faculty at the same time,
of which two'thirda will be rctamed pro-
vided the Treatise is not deemed satisrac-

In addition to the above is further to
lie noted :

(1.) That the Medical Faculty considi
the certificate of Maturity from a Germa
Gymnasium a necessary Preliminary coi
dition for Profesaionai Medical studies.

(2.) That the proof of having paeaed
satisfactory Examinution in Qermany i.
under all circumstances, satiafaetory. 1
however, this dooument aboulcl not appear
Hatiaraetory, or cannot be presented e' "
the Faonlty require that the Candida
subjected to an Examination by the Faculty
which shall pretty tieftrly eorreapond '
tbe German States Examination, i
this Eiamination, an additional 200 Marks
must be paid to the Faculty. Only for
tpecjal coses does the Faculty rescr
itself a special foTin of Eiamination.

(3.) That the Inancnral Dissertation
must, in coutenta and form, be tbe eandi-
date's own work, and he mnst append to his

of him or them from
ho haa recvived help, innat be clearly and
distiactly atated. Those Essays are con-
Idered the best which contribute most
D onr Medical or Scientidc knowledge.
Mere accounts of Diseases, or theoretical \
peculatioQa in tlie dominion of Me<
»n, therefore, rarely he regarded as satls-
BCtory. After the Diaaertution has been
tamped by the Dean in the name of the
Faculty, the same must be printed, at the
expense of tbe author, and at least 125
copies delivered to the Faculty.

When the candidate haa satiafaotorily

fulfilled the above conditions, be must

llnally introduce his Essay, and read it

publicly in the Aula here, aud derend it

fainat afty objections that may be made.

Promotioua ia abaeniii cannot ha mode,

.cept with the sole eieeption of a pro-

molio honorii causd for distinguished ser-

:e to Medical Science.

Rostock ia the largest town in Mec)ilen-

burg-, on tha Waniow. The famous Kcplar

woa for a time Profasaoc at this University.

STRASSBURO

The following is an extmat from tha
regnlationa of the Univeraity of Straaa-
burg relative t« Degrees in Medicine.

Any peraon deairooa of obtaining tha
Degree of Doctor of Medicine can only be
admitted to graduation on fulfilling the
followiagconditions;— (o.) If lio belong to
the Oerman empire, he mnst have a cer-
tificate of matarity from a German Oym-
nosium, and completed an academical four
years' Course of study of Medicine and
of the Natural Sciences. By an nnani.
mona decision of the Faculty one or two
Sessions may he omitted. Foreigners de-
siroua of graduating are not required to
havepflaaed through the fouryeara" Course,
if they produce proof of having received
inatrnution equivalent to the Conrae of
stody in the Medical Facultiea of Ger-
many, (b.) He must present a scientific
Essay (Dissertation) oomposcd by himself,
(c.) He mast undergo the Faculty Exami-
nation on all Medical subjects, (d.) He
mast pay tha preacribed Fee of 300 Marks.

In his application for graduation, which
mnst bOiaddreased to the Denn. the candi-
date must prodnce the evidence referred to
in (a), and forward a scientific memoir on
some department of Mcdiclue, with a

90
writtan

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

I

^H !"■''

I tlint it IB nbsDlntelj h!s
jompoaition. If the Dissertation re-
the approval of tlie Facultj, the
oandidate is iidmitted to EmmiDatioa,

The ExamimLtion it uouductud b; the
opdinnrj Professors, ond conwsts of an
oral theoretionl Exntnination in all impor-
tant departmeDts of Medicine. If the
OBudidate fail to );tTe satibfaction in the
oral Examinations, ho oiiist, in order to
obtain the Degree of Doctor, again under-
go the Examination after a time Co he
datennined by the Faculty, but he is not
required to present a aocand DiBsertatian.

lu the case of candidates who liavealreadj
passed the State Examination, a coUuqny
before tbree Members of the Facnltj may,
b; tbe unanimous decision of tho Faculty,
be Bubstituted for the oral Eiamination.

Degrees in Medicine are not conferred on
■hseat candidates, or without compliance
with these canditiaos. .

Htraeshnrg is the capital of EIboss, and
is HitUHtfHiflhont one mile west of the Rhine,
at the conflux of the rivers 111 and
Bronscha. There is a famaus Library in
connection with the University, which was
set fire to on Aug. aoth, 1870, by the
Germans during their inrasion of Prance.
The University is an old one, and was
abolished by the French in 1794. und re-
opened by tbe Qermana in 1872 ; tlic
Library alao having been restored and con-
taining now 200,000 volumes. Reckling-
hansen, Virchaw*s most promising pnpil,
is Professor of Pathology here.

TifBlNGEN
The Faculty of Medicine here grants a
Degree in Medicine under the foUowing
conditions :

1. The candidate must send in with hia
application — a, A Curricnlnm vitse; b. A
oertiftcato of bnving gone through a
thorough Coarse of instraction at the
Gymnaainm, or some equivalent institution j
e. Proof of a snStoient study of Medicine
at a Uuivorsity, and certificates of having
attended the Lectures baring reference to
tbe enhjects of Eiamination.

2. The Examination consists of a written
and a subsequent verbal one. A legalised
proof of having passed a satisfactory Ex-
amination in Medicine and Surgery in a
foreign country dispenses with the written
Examination, but not with tlie verbal one.
In no case can a Degree be granted in
abtenlid.

In the written Examination will be
Qe question in each uf tbe following

anlyeots :^I) Anatomy; (2) Physiology
(3) Materia Meilica; (4) General Path,
eliigyand Therapeutics j (5) Two qnostionl
in Special Pathology and Therapentics,
In addition to which, if a Doctor's Degree
in Surgery be required, one question will ha
put on each of the following snbjecta : — (1)
General Surgery; (2) Special Surgery;
(3) Snigical Operations ; (4) Midwifery.

i. The Fees amount to 300 Marks, in-
Binding tho printing of the Diploma, which
Fee mnet bo paid on application. If the
candidate be rejected at the written Ex-
amination, and be not admitted to tbe ver-
bal one, the whole of the Fees will be
returned. If be he rejected after tha
verbal one, only halt will be returned.

6. The candidate must compose a Disser-
tation under tbe presidency of a Member of
tbe Faculty, and get it printed ; 250 copies
are to be presented to tbe University. If,
however, the Essay be published either in
a periodical or oa a special pamphlet, 100
copies will suHice, but they must he pro-
vided ivitb a apedal title-page. Only such
oandidstos as have given numerous and
satisfactory literary proofs of their capacity
can be allowed to dispense with the com-
position of an Essay.

Tubingen is an University of »
not far from Stnttgardt, in Wiii
A Hospital and Institntion for

1

lb- H

WURZBURG

and Midwifery, the eandi ^

the Medical Approbation Examination,
which consists in showing — by testimonials
or certiflcat«B — that he has a good moral
character, and that he has possud through
four years' stndy at a University, six
Sessions of which must have been devoted
to Medical studies.

Upon fulfilment of these conditions, the
candidate will be admitted to a written
and tivS voce Examination, before which,
however, he must pay to the Faculty 300
Marks (£15).

The written Eiamination consists in the
composition of a scientific work out of
tiio sphere of Theoretical or ftscticnl
Medicine, which Dissertation must bo
handed to the Dean, who will give ic to one
of the Examining Professors to report

Upon the aatisfactory or nnsatisfactoi
decision of tbo reporter depends tho
mission to the vitStioce Examination.

I
I

i

ia castomary far the Dissertation to be
printed.

If tiie decision of the reporter with re-
gard to the tlieme be unfavomble, then ad-
miBBion to the vjvd voee Enumiotitiau ia
denied, and another theme must be cotn-
posed, and handed in at a fatnre time.
Shonld the second tlieme, liowerer, be
deemed unaatiBfactorjr, tbe candidate will
not be allowed to re-appear- He then
receives back all hie Pees eicept 80 Marks.
If the Dissertation he approved by tbe
Faonlty, then the candidate ia admitted to
a j>icS voce Examination, in the Oerman
langnage, which consists of the follow-
ing snbjcotB : — Auatom; and Pathological
Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology and
Medicine, Special Theiapentics, Snrgery,
Obstetrics and Ophthalmology, A know-
ledge also of Psychology and State Medi-
ciue is required-
After taking:; the Examination Oath,
the resolt and standing of tbe Exami-
nation is imparted to the candidate by
tbe Dean — whether very good, good, or
moderate.

When the candidate is nnsnccessfnl at
the vivS voce Examination, he receives
back half the Fees, and is allowed to
present himself for Eiaminntion again in
■ii months time hy paying hnlf the Fees
again. Only one more Attempt ia, however,
ttllowed after tbe first rejection at tbe
nvd vocB.

After sncceaaful Examination, the can-
didate will receive, with fitting solemnity,
bis Diploma of Doctor.

Wiinburg is n beautifol town of 40,000
inhahitants, situated on the Main,
Bavaria.

The Examination for tbe Licence to
Practise as a Pbysician, Surgeon, and
Acoonohaur in any part of the German
Empire, may be either passed before
the Medical Examination Commiseion at
Berlin or before a Medical Eiaminatiou
Committee at any Qermao University.
The Examination CommlttoeB, consisting
of scientifically educated Professional men
in all branches of tbe Faculty, are ap-
pointed every year by the authorised
Central Board, on wliose decision it de-
pends whether the Presidency of the
I Commission shall he selected from the
DDmber of Examiners or not. The notice
rfOr Examination before the superior Kx-
mmitiation Committee must bo deposited

)PE 91

with the Minister of Medical offeirg at
Berlin, and tlio notice for Examination
before an Academical Examination Com-
mictee with tlie actiog Curator of the
Ouiversity chosen, or, in default ik such
fanctionary, with the nearest superior
Court of the Examination Cominission.
To the notice for Examination must be
attached —

1. The certificate of Oymnasial Ma-
turity.

2. The certificate of the full Course of
study of tlic Medical branches at a
University.

3. The certificate of proficiency at tho
Natural Science Examination of some
QormaQ University.

4. Proof that the candidate has taken
part and hod practice for at least two
terms both in Clinical Surgery and Clinical
Medicine, and in Clinical Midwifery has
attended at least four separate births.

5. A Testimonial from a Public Vacci-
nator, or some other recognised Medical
man, that the candidate has acquire the
necessary dexterity In Vaccination.

The Examinations commence every year
in November, and may not be continued
beyond the middle ot July in the fallow-
ing year,

Cflndidates who have not reported them-
selves at the latest by tho end of tbe year,
and who have not deposited tho certifi-
cates required, may uot be admitted to
Examination before tho Kovember follow-
ing. Exceptions to this rule can only be
mode nnder very special circumstances.

The Examination is divided into five

(I.) The Anatomical, Physiological, and
Pathological -Anatomical portion.

(2.)TheSurglcaIandOphthalmicportion.

(3.) The Medical portion.

(4.) The Oyntecological portion.

(5.) The vivi voce portion.

All candidates, without exception, must
pass these Examiuatiuns ia the above
order, and no regard is paid as to wliKt
branch of the science the candidate will,
iu the future especially, or ^y preference,
devote himself.

In tbe first portion tbe candidate lias
to write Essays on the various subjects,
and also to point out on the dead body
and reply to qnostions put to him by the
Examinations.

In tbe second portion the candidate has
tn undergo a Clinical and a Technical teat.
The Clinical part is conducted in the
Surgical dcpnrtmeut of a large Hospital,
or in the Clialcum of a Uuivorsity, and

1

MEDICAL BDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Qsiullj' Isata From

the candidnte during this period taking
charge of aevGnil paUentB, nnder the
anpBTvieion of one at the Eiaminers.
During this period, bIso, the cuindidabu
may be required to aatiaf; the Examiners
that he can operate on the dead bod;,
and IB Blnays required to giro biB diag-

The tliird portion of the Eiainination
IB devoted to Moclicino and is purelj
Clinicai in its charBcter. The candidnte
is eianiined in a Hunpitnl or CliulcDm of
a UnivOTBitj, and is required to write
preseclptions, and to give his opinion as
to the doeea of certuia drugs given in
certain cases of siclcness.

The fourth portion consisti in an Eiaml-

nation conducted in the Charity Lying-in

. Hospilal at Berlin, or in the Lying-in

Hospital of a Univenitj. The candidate

in the presence of

a give

his di:

.gnoii

I

uoftl

he afterwards, stating the

He i

quired to undertake the

cases daring seven days nnder the BDper-

intendenceof an Examtnor.

The fifth portion is the ttirfl met
Eiaminatian, which is conducted publicly
nnder the superintendence of the Presi-
dent of the Examination Commission, bj
three CommisBioncrs, To this Examina-
tion only those candidntes will be admitted
who hare aatiafnctorily passed the pre-
vious portions. This Examination includes
General and Special Pathology, Thera-
pouticB, Surgery. Midwifery, Pharmacy,
and Sygiene. Any candidate who fails
to pass these Ave portions of the Ex-
amination twice will not be readmitted
forfroah Examination.

The Fee for tite Examinstiou is fixed
at 204 Marks (or £10 -k. English money),
that is to say

Marks.
46

n

OIBEALTAB

There is no University or Medical School
at Gibraltar, and any oue wishing to
practise as a Physician mast obtain a
British Diploma, and register it in London,
la special cases the right to practise hat
been conferred on foreign Physiciansj for
instance, some Spanish Physicians were
permitted to practise in the colony on
Bcconnt of the services they had rendered
the Oovornment during the epidemic of
yellow fever in 133B; and, again, the
Governor was applied to some time since
to amend the law relating to Medical
Practitioners, us there was such a scarcity
of qnallfied Physidans in the place; and
as a means of tempomrtly providing for
this want, he Ileemied four Spanish Phy-
sicians as Practitioners in the colony ; bat
they never will have the right to hold any
Government appointment, provided that
British Fhysioiuns can he found for them.
There are at present seven Medical men in
the town.

OKEECE

Medical Graduates of the University ot
Athens may practise in any part of Greece,
provided that they attend for nine months
the practice of the City Clinical Instltntion,
or " afrruitXivici)," subsoqnenttj to gra-
duating at the University, and threa
mouths afterwards puss the Medical Ex-
amination before the Medical Council,
which is entirely practical, and concluded*
in one day- Medical Gnvdontea
UniversiticB aro not required to attend the
practice of the "anruicXivitii," t
pnsB the Examination before the Medical
Council, which may l)o conducted in either
Modem Greek, English, French, German,
or Italian.

ATHENAI (ATHENS— A9HNAI)

This University (" noKjrurrifiioi'") ia
the only one in Greece, and poaaeBses the
handnmcst buildings in the city, a Library
containing 30,000 volumes, and on excel-
lent Mi?dical School. The number of
Medical stadeuts is 300 nnnnally-

The following are the regnlatioDs of tll9
Medical Faculty :

1. A certificate of Maturity from th*
University Gymnasium (a Classical and
Msthematical Preparatory School).

2. Four years' etndy at the Medical
SchooL

I

3. A written snd oral Tlieoretlenl Ei-
ftniimtion in Mtdicnl golijectg taagbt in
tlie Medical School.

The M.O. is BEcientiflo title, which does
not canter the licence t« practise, but with-
out which the Examination tor the liceoce
may Dot be pnsacd, except b? forei^era
who possess some other Medical Degree.
No Degree is aver conferred by any of the
Faculties of thi^ Uniforsity without Ex-
amination, and fall complianca with the
rogulutiaaB, except hoHoria oniMiItoinen of
scientitlc and national eminence, as, for
iDBtnnee, in the esse of the Doctorate of
Laws recently conferred on M. Gambetta,

B Medicine in
this kingdom nnlets be has obtained the
licence to practise, by ondergoing an Ei-
nmination before eight Professors, ap-
pointed annually by the Government. Tlie
Uoiversity M.D. does not grant a licence
to practise. There are three Universities,
all snpporlod by Qovemmeut, and two
Medical Schools — ouo at the AtheneBam of
Amsterdam, and the other at Drentlie.

The folloning- are the University regu-
lations in alphabetical order:
OltONINGEN
i In arder ^ matricalHte the candidate
I must present a certificate of a Gyinnnsial
Maturity, or undergo an equivalent Ei-
amination. He must then attend conrsee,
iDclnding practical work in Laboratories
and in Hospital Wards for six years. The
Examinations are held every two yrars
npon the subjects of the preceding two
years' Lectnres. After passing the final
Examination, which includes all branches
of Medicine, and presenting a Thesis,
which is snbjeot to debuta, (he Degree of
M.D. is conferred.

Candidates who have studied ut Foreign
Universities and Medical Boards, ace ad-
mitted to Examination upon producing
aatisfnctory certificates of Medical and
general educstiou.

j LEYDEN

This Unirersitj grants a Dcgre
Medicine upon terms exactly siuiili
those of Qroningen, and possesses an e
lent Medical School.

UTRECHT

The Faculty of Medieine here grants a
Degree in Medicioe ander the following
conditions, viz. ;

1. CertiflcatB of aymnasial Mnturity, t
equivalentExnmination.

" Six years' study at this or some other
respectable Medical School. i

S. Examinaljon in Anatomy and Prac-
tical Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, and
"edicine. Pathological Aoiitoaiy, Sorgery,

idwifery, and Materia Medica.

4. PreseniAtion and defence of a Thesis.

5. Payment of Promotion Fees amount-
B to £15.

There is a Library attached to tbia
School containing 60,000 volumes. ■"

DUTCH STATE EXAMINATION

REGULATIONS
The applicant for admission to this
Examination must either be a Doctor of
Medicine of some respectable University,
or else possess a certiScate of OymnasM
Maturi^; otherwise, he mnst submit to a
preliminary literary and philosophical Ei-
amiaation. The Medical Examination
inclndea General and Special Pathology,
Pharmacology, Morbid Anatomy, Medical
Jurisprudi'ncc, and Clinicil Medicine, Sur-
gery, and Obstetrics. If tlie Examination
be snccess folly passed, and tho certificatea
of Medical stndies satisfactory (at least six:
terms), tho licence is granted. The Pro-
fessors receive a fixed salary Irom the
State, and have no pecuniary interest in
the number of students. The Course at
Lectures at alt the Dutch Medical Schools
are recognised for this licence.

ITAIT

In order to practise as a Physician in
the Kingdom of Italy a Degree in Medicine
must be obtained from one of tho seven-
teen State Universities or the four Free
Universities. The regulations for the Me-
dical Degree are the same at all Uni-
versities in the ooRDtry, and are under
Government supervision.

To Matriculate, the applirant must
possess a certiticate from a Lyceum, which
is a high grade of Literary institute. The
course of Medical study extends over six
years, as follows ;

First year. — Botany, Physics. Zoology,

nAnat

Second year. — Chemistry, Comparative
and Human Anatomy, Dissvclions, nnd
Uislology.

Third year. — Human Physioli^y, Gen oral
Pathology, Materia Medica, and Pharma-
cology.

Fourth year. — Topographical Auatomy,

94

MEDICAL EDTTCATION AND PRACTICE

Oraeral Medical and Sorgical Putbologf,
Clinics, and PHthological Anatomy.

Fifth year. — Practito of Medicine and
Surgery, Medical and Sargicol Cliuica,
Operative Surgery, Midwifery, and Oph-
ttalmnlogy.

6ixtli year. — Mental Diseaaee, Medical
JiiriapradeDco, Clinics in Medicine, Sur-
gery, Obatetrics, Derraatology, and 8j-
phiiis.

Tliere are three EiaminaliiDDs, held at
intervals of two years, by a cominisaian
cnrnpoaed of PrafesBora, with one or two
AsEociateB, having no connection wliateTor
with the Suhaola, and nominated by the
Government. Eicellenee in one or more
hruiichee is not allowed to compeosate for
ikilare ia others.

Upon passing' the Second Einmination,
at the end of tbe fonrtb year, tbe atudenC
receives the title of Licentiate, which is
merely an academical diatiiictioti. The
Final Examination, at the end of t)m sixth
year, includes not only all the aubjecta of
the eatire Course of stndy, hnt alio the
Dia^^noaia and Treatment of Medical, Sur-
gical, and Obatetrio casea. Upon posaing
thia Examination and presenting a Thesis,
the candidate receivea the Degree of
Doctor of MediL-ine and Surgery, with tbe
right to practise. The Professora receive
fixed salaries, and have no pecuniary in-
terest in the aize of the clsiSBes. The Fees
for the entire Course are £36.

Foreigners desirous of obtaining tbe
M.D. at an Italian UniTersity (cither
Koyal or Free) mnat undergo the aame
Btndies as natives, but if they are already
qnallficd to practise in a Ibrt'ign country
they muat eibibit their Diplomas, from
Bomo respectable foreign Medical Uni-
versity or College, giving, at the same
time, satisfnotory proof, by ctrtiScatea,
that they have gone through ail the
atndies and passed b]1 the Bxaminationa
reqaired for their Diplomaa. They mnat
also pnsa the Final Examination for the
Medical Degree, deliver np a Thtaia, and
pay the required Fees. The Examinationa
are conducted in the Italian or Latin
languages.

lliere are Medical Schools at Ferrara,
Modena, and Parma, which do not grant
Degrees, and also at the following Uni-

BOLOONA

A celebrated University, fganded in 1119

by Irnerius, who, by his Lectures on the

Pandects, wherein heonlolded the principiee

of Bomau law, made this a centre of Icaru-

ing. In 1153 Bologna received from |
Frederick Barbarossa its charter of a Ui
versity, and from thia and Paris University
the whole European University system da-
veioped. Tliere is attached to its Maseam
of Anatomy, a Cabinet of Natural History,
and a splendid Library.

CATANIA
Situated at the tixit of Moant Mtnu, in

GENOVA (GENOA)

The most important town in the Gcnoeaa

Riviera. The School of Medicine is a poor

NAPOLI (NAPLES)
Connected with this University is one of
the best Italian Medical Schools.

PADOVA (PADUA)
A very old University with an excellent
Medical School.

The capital of Sicilia. Th« University
has an excellent Medical Colicgo and
Library connected with it.

PAVIA

One of the oldest Univeraities in Eiirope,
on the Ticiiio. The Medii^a! Scho'ol has
long been celebrated for tbe eminence of
"■^ Professors.

PISA

A University of tbe twelfth oentnry,
itnated twelve milea from the entrance of 1
the Arna into the sea. The Medical School {
enjoys a great reputation.

EOMA (ROME)
Thecapitalof Italy. TbiaMediralSchool I
has the advantage of the splendid Libra-
ries in tile city, and tbe other helps to
Medical atudy to be fontid there.

•SALEKNO

In ancient times tbis was the best Uiii< |
versity in Europe, and celebrated for 11

I

I

Medical School, whicli wsi knawii allover
tlie Continent in tiie eleventli ceiiturj. It
ia now very different, Uie Medical School
being poorly attended, and the facilities
for acieutific resunrcli being eicecdingly
meagre.

TORINO (TURIN)

Thocapitfllof Piirtlniont. TLe University

Qoutaiui a epleudid Libriirj and Egyptian

KALIA

Id order to practise na a Medical Prac-

.titioDer in this island, whicb belongs to

Great Britain, the Eiamiuatiou must be

ed before the Medical Board of the

uliind. No one, whether Graduate of

Malta or other Univeraity, con evade this

Examination, which is of a practical

Datura. There ia an excellent opening

for one or two well-qualified British Prac-

titionora at Valetta, and a fortune may

be made in a. very short time.

VALETTA

I The Decree of Doctor of Medicine and

I Borgery of the Univeraity of Multa, at

Valetta, ia granted on the fallowing con-

ditioUB, vii. :

A Matriculatjan Examination, which
take« place not oFtener than once in every
three yean, uiast be passed before the
special CooDcil of the Faculty. The fol-
lowing anbjects are eianiined opon : — A
complete knowtedgu of tlie Italian Inn-
gunge. A competent knowledge of the
Latin language. A knowledge of English,
French, or Gennan. A knowledge of
L MathematicB and Pliysicnl Sciencee.

Aftec which an Acndemica! Course of
I four sclioliiatic years, including attendance
at the Central Hospital Wards. Each
academical or scholastic year consists of
nine mouths, commencing October 1st and
teruiioating Jnne 30tb.

The annual Examinations mast be
paaaed, which are conducted partly in
writing and partly riii3 voct.

After the termination of the last Ei-
anination thu Degree is conferred on the
successful candidates, which is a scientific
title only, and does not confer the right to
praotise without Srst of all passing the'
Examination of the Medical Board of the
isUnd.

There ia an excellent Lyceum here, which
imparta the Qeeessary instruction for the
preliminary Examiiuitiou.

HONTEHEOEO

Before being pfrmittud to practise as n
Physician or Surgeon in this country
the applicant roust produce evidence of
having obtained in a regular manner a
Degree or Diploma in Medicine and Sur-
gery from some recognised University,
College, or Medical Board. This most Iw
eHccted by meana of the ConauL

NORWAY

The atacdard of medical education in
Norway is one of the highest in Europe.
There ia but one Medical School in con-
nection with the University of Christiana,
and the Faculty of Medicine grants two
Diplomas, one the Doctorate, and the other
the Licence to practise as a Physician.
Evciy Professor ot the Univeraity must be
1 Graduate in Medicine, and receives an
Lunually-increasiiig salary. The Btudenta
ind Licentiates pay no Fees, and, there-
Tore, the Faculty lias no peonniary interest
a the Dumber of the students.

The following are the University regu-
lations :

CHEI8TIANA

The Doctorate of Medicine may be con-
ferred apon any Licentiate of the Univeraity
upon hia passing (he required Examina-
tiona. The Fees are so high that few
Physicians over think of becoming M'D.

To Matriculate as a, student of Medicine
the applicant has^to pass two preliminary
Eiaminations, one in Arts, inclnding Nor-
wegian, Latin, GIraek, French, German,
English, Mathematics, Geography, and
History ; and one in Phitosophy, iucluding
Geometry, Zoology, Botany, Astronomy,
and the elements of Chemistry and Phy-
' a. He then enters on the study of Me-

:ine proper, which occupies nearly seven

ars. There are three Profesaionul Ex-

linatjons, arranged as follows :

First Examiuation, huld two years and
a half after Matriculation, upon Ar<atomy,
Dns, use of the Microscope, Hia-
Chemistry (organic and inor-
ganic), Zoology, and Botany.

Second Examination, hild throe years
and n half after the first, upon Physics,
Pharmacology, Toxicology, Medicine, The-
rapeatics, General Pathology, and Patho-
logical Anatomy, Snidery, Ophthalmology,
Skin Diseases, and Syphilis.

Third Examination, held about a year
after the second, upon Surgery and Ban-
daging, Topcgrapbiuul Anatomy, Ohste tries
and Uyuaiculugy, Diseases at Children,

I

I
I

I

MEDICAL EDDCATIOS AND PRACTICE

I'orensic Medicine, Hygiene, and a Prac-
tical Examinjition in Medicine and
gery. Tboroogh jipuctioal work iu
nection witli tlie vuticitiB Hospital VTardu
is ajso obligatory. . Upon pussing tho
Final Examination the candidate becomes
a Pbyeician, and receiiestbe right to prac-
tise. If be wish to proceeil to tbe Doc-
torate, whicli ii meriu; a BoientiBc title,
and given the right to Lecture at the Uni-
veraitj, be moat paEB anotber mionte Ei-
aToiuation npon all those eabjecta already
paHBod, and a number more, and must
deliver up and defend a Thesis. This is m
aevere a test as to be rarely attempted,
except for the sake of University appoint'

POETnOAI

There are two Medical Schools at Lisbon
and Oporto, benidos the one in c^nnoction
witli the only University, Coimbrn. All
are supported by Oovernmeut. In order
to prsctise as a Medical man the Licence
in Mi^lclne must he obtained from the
niiiversity. Any foreign Medieal man
who wished to practise in Portugal would
have to present — o. AcertiBciiteof having
passed HD Examination in Arts, signed by
tlie respective CdubuU or Amhassadars of
his country, i. A Medical Diploma from
H Qov eminent University or Medical
School. D. He must pass an Exaniiaution
iu all the brtincbes of Medicine, d. He
must present a printed Dissertation lo the
Faculty, and defend it.

COIMBRA

The Medical Faculty at this University
requiiBS the applicant For Matriculation to
pass an Examination in Latin, Portu-
guese, French, English, Mathematics, Ele-
mentary Physics, Chemistry, Natural
History, Logic, History, and Geography.
The Course of Lectures extends over five
years of nine months each, and is as
follows :

First year. — Chemistry (organic and
inorganic). Physics, and Anatomy.

Second yegr. — Zoology, Physiology,
Anatomy, and Histology.

Third year. — Botany. Pharmacology,
General Pathology, Clinical and Operative
Surgery.

Fourth year. — Special Piitholngy, Snr-
gery. Pathological Anatomy, Medical aud
Surgical Clinics.

Fifth year.— Legal Medicine. Toiico-
logy, HygieDe, Obstetrics, and Gynaico-

logy, Medical, Surgical, and Obstetrical

practise

Tbe M.D. can only be ohtaincd by a
Licentiate of Medii^iiie npon presentation
and defence of a Theais.

Tho Professors receive a fixed salary
from the State. The principal ProfesEora
have 700,000 reia (£15£ lOs.) a year; the
supplementary Professors have 400,000
reis (or £89) per annum, and the D«mon-
fltrators 300,000 reis (£66 10s. J.

ROVUANIA

Anyone wishing to practise Medicine
or Surgery in this country, whether al-
ready qualified to practise iu any other
country or not, must present himself
before the Medieal Faculty at Bucharest,
and obtain tbe licence to practise.

BUCHAREST
The Faculty of Medicine grants a
Degree iu Mcilicino and Surgery, which
entitles the balder to practise in any part
of the country. The foUoning are the
conditions :

1. A certificate of Maturity from tha
Lyceum, or tome other educational body.

2. A certificate of anfficieot Medical

■sity.

all Medical
suhjeeta.

The College has 500 students annually,
a great number of wlium attend the
Medical School. There are several Hospi-
tals and lutlrmHFies, and a Lyceum con-
ducted hy twelre Profeasors. The stu-
dents have every facility for study.

In order to practise as a Medioal Prac*
titioner in this country, the Diploma of
Physician must he obtained from one of
the Universities of tbe Empire, the regu-
lations of which are the same, as follows i
' To Matriculate, tbe student must have
a Gymnasial Maturity certificate, or under-
go an Eiamiuation in ArU. The Course
of Medical study must extend ovrr five
yesrs, with Examinationa at the end of
each year. The final Examination em-
hraces Anatomy, Practical Anatomy, Phy-

I

I

Biology, Histology, Pharmiioology, Patho-
logy, and Medicini>, Sargery, Midwifery,
and Clinics; and when passed entitles thi?
canditlato to the appellation of " Physi-
cian," with the right to practise. In
order to obtain thu H.D. the applicant
moat be a PhyaiciBi. of the Empire, under-
go a written EnBtnination on all Medical
■objects (md present a Thesis.

Tiie Fees for the Coarses at all the
SchiKilB, except St Petersharg, amount to
£8 (English monej}.

The following are t!ie Rnssian Univer-
utiee in alphabet'cal order :
DORPAT

This University was founded in 1632 by
_Gu8tayii8 Adolphna, when the Swedes
were masters i it was suppressed in 165ti
by the Mnscovites, and re-established by
the late Emperor Alexander in 1802.
There are a Library, containing 80,000
books, a Museum, nod a Botanic Qardeti
attached to it. The Medical School is a
very good one.

HELSINGFORS
A small University in Finland,

KAZAN

A amall University near the Volga, in
tliu eutern portion of European Hussia.

KHARKOW (CHARKOFP)
A University of Little Russia, sitnated
midwHy between the Don and Dnieper.

KIEW (KIEPF)

St Vladimar's University at EieB- was

foandcd in 1634. and has one of the best

Uedical Schools in Russia, also Zoological

•nd Botanical Cubioets.

MOSKWA (MOSCOW)
This Univenity was founded in 1755.
Connected with it are the Medico- Chi r
ncal Academy, the Museum at Natural
Bistory, Botanic Garden, and Library of
00,000 volnmes.

ST PETEKSBURO
This University was founded in 1819,
and has BtWchcd to it a Medico-Cliirur-
gical Academy of lugb repntation, an
Imperial Library, containing 460,000 vol-
nmn. and 2&/XH) HSS., and a good

!um. The regolatioi
for the Medical Degree as at tlio other Uni-
versities except that all the Lectures here
are free, and not at any of the other
Faculties.

WARSZAWA (WARSAW)
This University wiifl suppressed in 1830
and re-opened in 1860. There is a good
Medical School.

This large it^land belongs to the Kingdom
of Italy, and iU Medical Iowa are the same
as those of that cnuntry. There are no
Medical Schools or Universities.

SEETIA

This conntry offers few temptations at
the present time to foreign Medical men.
The people are poor and money is scarce.
The conditions for Medical Practice are:—
Ist, a Diploma from the Medical Facolty
at Belgrade, or 2nd, a Degree from a
French or Austrian University.

BELGRADE
There is a Medical School and Clinical
Hospital here, which ijranta Diplomas to
practise under the following conditions : —
1. A Gymnaiial Maturity certificate. 2.
Certificate of attendance on all the Coarsea
of LeeCnresat this School. 3. Eia
before the Faculty on all branches of Hed-
ieine. 4. Payment of Examination and Pro
motion Fees. This School, althoogh by ni
means an inferior one, is rarely attended
hy foreigners, by whom as a rule the la
gnage is with difficulty learnt.

SICIIIA <SIOILY)

For particulars of this large island refor
to Italy, of which kingdom it ia a part.

SPAIN

There are ten Universitiea in Spain, but
that of Madrid is the only one whiah is or-
ganised on the scale of a great national
catablishment. It bears the title of " Cen-
tral University." while its hambler sister*
at B:ireclonB, Granada. Ovicdo, Salamanca,
Santiago, SaragnssHj Seville, Valencis, and
Valladolidare only " Di it rict Universities."
Formerly Medical Faculties were attached
to most of these, but now the Central Uiii-
, Tsrsity of Madrid alone ponssaes a Uedicol

mlHCAL BDDCATUnr AKD PBACTICB

f»caHy, mooawtirtd ta i^raiit DcgreH, kud
(Iranad* uia Bivrllle ■lone poM«i U«dkal
Stbooli in cmmectlou wkti It,

HADBID
ThU UnWentitj powoun, betide* the
Hadliml School, tiiar public Iiibrariet and
tbnwHoHitDu.To DutriculateuRUedical
Ktrideut Out candidate miut ponen tiie
IlfiCraii of Doctor of Pbilowpbj. Tbe
(luurM nf Hedlcil ttuily li four jam. The
Kuminatlon* to ba paind are bel<I at raii-
' mu pirlod* daring the four f eari' Course
■nd Indiiile all tliia MedlcHl bronchea. Tlie
ftfial Olid onlitUi tbe caiiUidate to tbe lieence
to prMtln an n Lloontiate of Medicine.
In order to obtain tliB M.D. the lirence
nii»t Iw flrit obUiined and tben a Thegl*
■t bd Knt In and pubUaly defended.
riio rrofoiior* lit Madrid receive flied
■al<vr1e> of from £U!0 to £2G0 per unnnm.
■lid at the uthor HrIiooIh £liiU per annum,
- and are Indopoiiduiit of the iJEe of their

SWEDEN

Thero are two Univvraitii's and niie
Uudloal AwiUnij in thin Kliigilom wliicb
ouiifsr tlie licenoe to pruotlie a> a Plij-
ainlan alW an Eiamlnation baa bLMiii
paiiad. No nno nay pmctite whn hai not
obtain«d tho liocnna to praoliie from one
of the Boarda. Tlie rollowlng are tlie
ra^uUlioni for the limnce at the Uni-
vurtltlM and Aoadsmy.

To HatTl<iiiIat« the caiididate muat
have a owlilimt* from a Gjmaialuni.
Thrna ;«an after iDatriooUtlna the >tu-
lient l> imnilrvd to jmu tba Hadieo>Phi1o-
■ophioal Kiamt nation, wbioh iuclndea
Phjnie*! ChVHilati?, Hatheinatioi, Bolinj,
Zonlogy, and CunijiarHtive Aiuttnni.v.
TlirM jriMra later he moat pass tbe Kxami-
nition fcr tin Diploma at candiitato In
MwIIpIm which inrludM Analom.r, Pliy-

io)uit,T, l>iithot<iglral Aiiatoinr* a"^
riianuaniloii;;. Pour jwur" laipr he mast

EM the Bnal Riaminalioo upon Practlral
Kllctn* and SnreorT. 4>hit«trin; Oph-
Uuiln»los;r, and Modtnl Jurispnwlence.
Upi\n pwialitK *)" '**> RmminaUoa. the
MudtiUto nM^re* th* Itevuv to pi«r1ia«>.
AUMtdaoM npiw Itt* iMclarM ia ami oUi-

Stnrv.tMt lbaal(>aMttiB0Uiff«4lo«ttM)4
Ink* (hr *l VMM tw» year and a Uir.
Tta KarattM M»tfe»XkiT«ivt«l lutO-
Ul* M i»M«kWw. «r Atwt««i>T «r M*<K-
«t«^ M Ik I* iMMtiaw* MUia, ia IW

Urpcat He^isl Sebod in the codbItt, and
gnat! more liwncea than the two Uni-
(enities togetbn'. Connected with it are
a MuHom of Pathological Anatomy and a
good Library. Tbe Professon receive
Bied salariei of from £223 to
annum. The students pa; no Pees
whatoTer. The following are tbe Uni-

LUND

This Uoifersity grants the licence t«
practise under the regulations named
Hlready. The Degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine is conferred upon all Licentiates of
Lund, Upaala, or Stockholm, on their
presenting a Tbesia, and defending it
before tbe Faculty.

The ProresBors receive fiiod aalariea of
from £225 to £280 per annum, and, Hi the
students pay no Puea whatever, the PrO'
fagaorg have no pecuniary interest ia tbo
size of tlie claitaes. Attendance upon the
LeotureJ ia not obligatory for tba licenoe,
but only for tba Degree. Tbe atudent,
however, is hound to attend Clinioa for at
lesst one year and u bulf, both tor the
licence and Degree.

0PSALA

The regolationa for the Medical Liceno*
and Degree are the same as at Lund.

Connected witli tbia Univeraity are a
Museum of Pathological Anatomy aod a
goiid Library. There are also a Histo-
lagical and a Physiological lustitutJon

SWITZEELAHD
The Uwa having r<.'rereni-e lothe Medical
Profession in this Republic are jnat now
■bout to undergo a great change. Foi^
morly each of the twenty-two canton* had
its own teparate laws, and insisted npon
the striclmt conformity to them, which
cananl ereat inconvenience and •nnoyanoe
to Medical men, whenever they happened
to change their raudencesfrom oaeoauton
to another, perhapa ouly ■ distance of a
mil* or two, or evHi only arrosi tbe rokd.
One canton would pnliapa permit fra
tnd« it) Medicine, anotlHT wonM oalj
aBow Medical Graduitea to wactiM, and
*aoth*r w«ald iant* apuv am Bnaiiaatiaa
MnK paawd bx all Medical PnwtilioM*^
whMlm' OradoaHa er aot. 0> DtcMibv
Ilk ISn. tlw SwtM Fedanl OmkU %fl—».
Ual id At tatat* aU «ha wiakt^ to
rnc(ittB*M«£oat nvctititMi^ v^MlMc

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Qradustei or not, sliODld be uompetleil ta
a State Examination, aimilar to the
Garinan SlaaU-Esatiutt, and in oil pro-
babilitj thia regiil&tion will very soon
come into force. la the meantinie tliere
are two separato licensing bodies tor
Switierland. one bolding BiBLniiialiona at
QenAve, and the other at Basel, Bern, and
Zurich, both of which havo tha same
regnlaticns, and gnint the licence to
practise in nil parts of the Repablic. The
University Uedical Degrees of Basel, Bern,
Geneve, and Zurich do not grant the
licence to practise, but are only seientilio
titlea. The following are the Univcraity
regalaUons iu alpbabetical order :
BASEL (BSLE)

At thii UniFcraitj the Degree of Doctor
of Medicine, Snrgerj, and Midwifery, ia
granted by the Faculty of Medicioe upon
fulfilment of the following conditions :

1. — Application for admiasioit to the
Examinatian mnBt he made to the Dean of
the Faculty in writing, encioaing: — 1. A
Curriciilsm vita, which names the amount
of general education nodergone. 2. The
Academical Habicnlation of this place.
3. Certiflcatea of attendance at the Aca-
demical Lectnrea. 4. A certificate of con-
duct from the High School -u which the
candidate has made hia principal studies.
G. A scientific treatise on any aiibjeot he
chooses within the sphere of Medical or
Natural Science.

11. — The BxaminaUon is partly written
(TVniaiMBHnd partly verbal {Eigaromm).

III. — The written Examination consists
in answering fiia questions having re-
ference to Anatomy, Pliysiology, Patho-
logical Anatomy and Physiology, Special
Pathology and Tlierapeutica, and Surgery.

IV.— In case of rejeclJaD the Faculty
can appoint a time for a repetition of the
Examination, before which time the can-
didate cannot be re-examined.

v.— The wliole of the Prufesrora of the
Facnlty are invited to the verhal Eiami.
nation. The following arc the anl(jecta : —
Anatomy, Physiology, Pathological Ana-
tomy and Pliysiology, Special Pathology
and Therapeutics, Materia Medica, Sur-
gery, and Midwifery.

VI.— The Eiaitiination by each Ex-
aminer mnet not last longer than half an

VII.— The Degrees in which Doctor-
■hipa are granted are Suntmd cum lavde,
Iniigni earn iaude,Sfas''d cum laade, Cum
lauda, and Bila.

Vlll. — Iu adjudicating on both the

written and verbal Examination, not only
wItt the speaial knowledge in the re-
spective branchca be tiiken into conaidora-
tion, bat also the possession of a general
scientific knowledge, and especially a com-
prehensive knowledge of Natural Science.

IX.— 120 copies of the Treatise must be
delivered to the Faculty.

— Promotions are not granted to
applicants who have not passed the Ex-
aminations heroi bat the Faculty can
confer the Degi'ee of Doctor on notable

,d eminent Physicians Aonorii eauaa.

XI. — The Fees for graduatiou amount to
350 francs, viz. 100 for the TerUamen,
aOO for the Eigoroiam, and 60 for the
Promotion.

XII.— If the candidate be rejected after
either Examination he forfeits the Fees.
The ra-E lamination is free of charge.

Connected with thia University are the
Town Hospital, a Hospital for Diseases of
Children, and various Laboratories. The
University is celebrated for its ethnological
collectiouB.

BEltN

Thia UnivBrsity confers a Degree in
Medicine and Surgery, t lie following being
the regulations :

Before being admitted to Examination,
the candidate must snbmit to the Faculty
of Medicine a mautucript Dissertation of
aiuentifio value, and if (hia he accepted, be
must, after producing evidence of a re-
gular educalnon, iaclnding general, scien-
tific, and Medical atudies, appear at the
University and pass a vw;d voce Eiamina-
tjon in Anatomy, Physiology, Patholi^cal
Anatomy, Legal Medicine, Oeueral Patho-
logy and Medicine, Surgical Pathology
and Surgery, Materia Medica, and Oph-
thalmology. The Examination never lasts
longer than one day, and ia conducted in
either the German or French language.

Bern is the capital of Switzerland, and
ita University possesses a fine Museum.

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(Ge,

GESfiVE
., Geaf ; Ital., Gine

Gene

Any one may present himself for Ex-
amination for the Medical Degree at this
University who is a Bachelor of Sciences
or Letters, or who can sliow, by Diplomaa
iir certificates, that he has had equivalent
or anfficiant education.

Before being admitted to each Exam ins

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it pay to the Beadle

100

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PBACnCE

& sum of 40 francs ; mid after tho last
Eiamination anotliw bdiii af 100 francs
must be paid to the Faciilt; of Mediiine.
If the ExBtDinalion U not pnased sati>raa-
torily tbe half of the Qnt Fue is retnrned,
and the second Pee ia not paid Ktall. Tho
ExHuiiiiatioii is diridrdinto Sve portions:
First Examination. — Aiiatom;, Pbjr-
■iolc^r, Histoln^j, Pithologlcal Anatomj,
Ganerel Pathology, an Autopiy (for which
one hour ig allowed), and an Anatomical
Preparation (for which four honn are
. kllowed).

I Second Eiamination.— Internal Path-
I <^Br. Eiternal Pathology, Operative Me-
. dicine, three Operations, and tbe Applica-
tion of Bandages.

Third Examination— Hygiene, Thern-
penticB, Materia Medicj), Pbarmacniogy,
Legal Medicine, and a Medico-logal Report
upon a case given.

Fourth EiaminaUon.— Examination of
two Medical, two Snrglcol, and one Mid-
wifery case in Hospital. For each ts
allowed fifteen minutes. Operative Mid-
wifery on the "Manne^in." Discussion
upon each of the foregoing cases. Written
Essay about one case of Medicine and one
of Surgery, for which two hours are

Fifth Eiamination.— DefencB of a Die.
lertation, in the French latignnge, upon
any snbjart of Medical Boience chosen by
the candidate, and which has been pre-
Tioubly communicated to the Faculty.

ZURICH

The following are the rpgnlations foi
Degrt-o of Doctor of Medicine and
Surgery :

1. In order to obtain the Degree of
Doctor of Medicine the candidate must
send to tlie Dean a written memorial,
BCMlnpanied by (o) evidence of attendance
on Leetares of Physics, Chuniiatry, Botany,
Zoology, and Medical Subjects ; (i) a Dis-
aertation on some subjects in Medical
Science, which, after approval, tho candi-
date must have printed at his own
expense.

S. The Diisertation is delivered by the
Dean for Eiamii]ation to the tc^Dcher of
the subject of which it treats, or to the
Member of the Facnlty at whose sng^s-
tion it has been componcd. A reeam-
mendstory opinion of the first Examiner
decides its acceptance ; in this case his
name appears on tho title when it is
printed. If tbe first opinion he doubtful

or unfavorable the Thesis mnst be circu-
lated among all the Members of tlie
Faculty, and is only accepted if two thirds
of them give their written votes in its

3. When the Disnertatioo is approved
the candidate is admitted to Eiaminatioa
fnr tho Degree. The first part ia written,
and the candidate has to answer two qnes.
tiona drawn by lot, one on Anatomy and
Physiology, the other on Pathology and
Thorapentica, Surgery, or Midwifery. Tha
answers are circulated among the Members
of tho Faculty, who, after eiamining them,
express in writing their determination (by
a simple majority) whether the candidate
shall be admitted to the Second (Oral)
Examination. Tbe Oral Examination com-
prises tho above.named sabjects, and also
General Anatomy, Patliological AnalAmy,
Materia Medica, and Ophthalmic Medi-
cine. The votes of two thirds of the
Members of the Faculty present is neoes-
sary for the passing of this Examination.

4. After the Examination has been
passed, and 200 printed copies of the Dis-
sertation have been delivered, the public
promotion takes place under tbe super-
vision of a regniar Professor of tlie
Faculty. It consists of tbe following

(1.) Rendingaloud tbe oandidatsg "Cur-
riculum vitat," in which is stated the
amount of general and scientific edncation
ho has had.

(2.) Delivery of an F*aoy by him on
some subject of Medical or Natural

(3.) Discussion on Thews in Medical or
Natural Science, which the candidate has
printed and distributed amongst those
present, alter being approved by the Dean.

(4.) Creation of the candidate into a
Doctor. The Fees, which must he paid
before tbe verbal Examinnljon, or, at all
events, before tbe promotioo, amount to
3S0 francs, and 15 franca for the Beadle,
There is no additional Fee if it he neces-
sary to repeat tho Examination. Tbe Fee
is not returned if tbe candidate be defi-
nitely rejected.

The Faculty has the power of granting
the Diploma of Doctor hoaorii eaiitd tor
distinguished aer vices to Medicine.

AMALGAMATED MEDICAL EXAM-
INING BOARD OF BASEL, BERN,
AND ZURICH FOR THE LICENCE
TO PRACTISE

In order to be admitted to the Prelimi-
nary Examination for the Physician's

Licence the caDdidate must produce tbe
following certlflaatea :

1. Of Qoraplete and Biitisfgctorj Gjm-
nnaial stadioa (public aclioo] stadies).

SI. Of attendance at ttie following Aca-
demic Courses: — Anatomy, Chemistry, ain
months' work in a Clicmical- Laboratory,
Physics, Phjaiology, and Practical Pby-
Biology.

The Preliminary Eiamioation is divided
into a written and an Oral part. Tho
written part conaiata in producing two
Dissertationa, one in Phyaiea or Chemistry,
and tbe other in Anatomy or Physiology.
The OtrI coaalats of BiaminHtion in
BotiiDy, Zoology, and Comparative Ana-
tomy, Phyaiea, Anatomy, and Physiology.

In order to be admitted to tlie Final
Medical EiaminatioD the candidate amst
produce certiflcntea showing —

1. Evidence of having pKued tbe Pre-
liminary Examinatjnn.

2. Proof of attendance at the following
Acndemio Courses : — Pathological Ana-
tomy, Medicine, aii months' Prectdcal Sur-
gery and Bandaging, three Sesbiona of
Clinical Medicine, three Seaaiona of Clini-
cal Surgery, two Sessions of Clinical Mid-
wifery, and one Session of Clinical
Ophthalmic Medicine.

The ExsmiuatioQ ia written, practical,
and oral. The written and practical part
couaists of the following:

1. Examination of two Medical,
Surgical, and one Midwifery caaf, it
presence of two Eiamlnera.

2. Written opinion of one of two Medical
and two Surgical coses.

3. A Poat-mortem Examinatian, and
opinion of the aame.

4. Performance of two operations, on»
the tying of an Artery, and the othei
Bcc'ordiDg to the judgment of the Ex-

In order to be admitted to the Prelimi-
nary Examination for the Physician's
Licence the candidate muat produee one
of the following certiHcatea :

1. Uaclietier es lettres.

2. Bachelier h» aciencea.

3. CertiGcatea of having passed two Ez-
ninatinna in the Section of Philosophy at
eiieve, and of having taken not lew

than twenty hoora per week of atudiet
provioualy.

i. Certificates of studies at the CliiBsioal
Section of the OyinnaaJnm at Geneve.

6. CertiBeatea of foreign atadiea equiva-
lent to those named above.

The Eiaroination is practical, written,
and oral.

Thia EiaminatioD, which ia the same u
the Preliminary Examtnation of the other
Board, entitles the candidate, when sua-
cesifnl, to the designation of " Bachelor
of Medical Science," which implies no more
than that be has passed the First or Pre-
liminary Examination.

In order to be admitted to the Final
Examination for tjie licence, which ia the

for the licence of the otho:
the candidate must produce one
'ng eurtificatos :

of tl

The 1

1 Examination eonsista of

1. Oeneral Pathology and Pathological
A ostomy.

2. Special Pathology and Thcrapentic

5. Hygiene.

4. Pharmacology.

6. Snrgery.

6. Topographical Anatomy with Opoi

?. Ophthnlmology.

8, Midwifery.

fi. Ordinary Medical Practice,

1. Bachelor of Medical Science
Geneve.

2. Uiplomaa or certificatea obtained
after equivalent studies and Eiaminali^BW'
elsewhere.

TUB.EET-IN-EUBOFE

Of all tbe European countries this i
most behindhand with regard to Mei
education.

There Is only one Medical School ic
country, at Constantinople, and that not u
Srst-L-Iaas one. Any one wishing to prac-
tise in Turkey mnat, if qualified toprsctiie
in another country, exhibit hia Diploma to
the Council of tbe Imperial College of
Medicine, and pay a small ~Fec for regiatra-
tion ; or, if anqoalified, obtain the Diploma
(or licence) from the Faculty of Medicine
here or at Beyrout

STAMBOUL (CONSTANTINOPLE)

The Imperial College of Medicine gnuila
a licence to proctiae Medicine and Surgery
to any one, native or foreign, who produce*
eertiflcates of sufficient general and Medi-
I col educaUoDi from thia or any other n-

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MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

■pcctable Medicnl School, and paeses an
Eianiiniition bufare tlio Medical Fupulty.

There is a good Hospital— the British
Seaman'i Hospital — for Clinical praciice.
Both the Hospital and Medical School am

rADEN
The population of Aden ^ 30,000, of
whom nbont one-tenth only are Europeans,
ibcluding the garriBon, whose Medical >taS
are the oalj Earapean Medical men in the
place. Any British Practitioner, however,
ia at liberty to cQiomeaca practice there,
and judging from the rapid development
of comnieree, and the great increase of
pDpolatioa, there will in all probability

^_ before long bo a good opening in the place

^L for a Medical man.

under the enperintcndence of Britiab
Graduates in Medieiiie.

Wise womcu and divincra practiee all
over, the coontry, but have no

ASIA

ANAB

This empire, wbicb is compoeed of tliree
distinct territ^iries, Tonqain, Cochin China,
and Champa, and port of Camhoja, la a
great and rich commercial state, trading
for the meet part with China, India, and
the Straits Settlemonta. There are a num-
ber of European residents in and near
Saigon and Camhodia, hut there is no ac-
oonnt of any European Medical man. The
native Doctors are educated, according to
the Chinese system, in the north and east,
and, according' to tbe Burmese aysteni, in
the Booth and west, and will not bear of
■ny innovation of European doctrines. A
deecription of both these systems will be
I found In tlie parts relating to China and

BURHA

luntry is one of the richest of tbe

ineral wealth;
fadea principally, through the medium of
■Xangoon, with India. The science of
' Medicine, aa it exists among the Burmese
esent day. Is decidedly primitive,,
notwithstanding tbe clnse proximity cf the
country to lai^e British colonics. Tho
lollowing, which has been eitrocbed from

Dr Keith Norman Macdonald'a excellent
work on 'Medicine among the Burmese,'
arc the fandameutal doctrines taoght bj
the Burmese Medical Faculty:

The blood in human bodies has two mo-
tions — Thway-tek (ascending), and Tway-
tbet (ebbing or descending). " '
tinnes for six days alternately, ana on ine
aeventh day both meet in the coorae of their
circulation, when tba least derangement
in the system causes a diS^eaae. This
circulation is on tbe fourth day inHnenced
hy windy matter, ou tbe fifth day by the
bile or galluous matter.and on the sixth
day by putrid matter, while on the aeventb
day a general change takes place, aud the
circulation changes its course. The blood
then becomes inUuenced by the Ah-ha-
tha-d4t {Heaven element), which seU all
the other elements in a state of commo-
tion. When the cirenlation gets ont of
order in this way a dissHse follows, and
no Medicine must be given until after the
third day. The human constitution Is
composed of foor d&ts or elements. (1.)
The Pat-ta-wee, or earth dit, conaisidng
of the flesb, bones, Ac. (2.) The Tay-
Ziw, or fire d&t, consisting of the external
and Internal heat of the animal body.
(3.) The.Ab-baw, or water dit, consisting
of the blood, sweat, and other liquids.
(4.) Tbe Wah-yaw, or windy d&t, consist-
ing of the wind. Besides these four dSti
there is one other, the Ab-ka-tha, or
Heaven dit, which keeps all the others in
motion. When any of the component
parts of any of the four d4ts is influenq^
hy tbe fifth dSt, that part of the body to
which it belong is put outof order; thus,
if the Ah-ka-tha dftt acts on the Hesh, or
bones, the Pat-ta-wee dit is disordered.
The dat system of Medicine is on the fol-
lowing plnn :

All sickness subsides on the sixth day-
Sickness occurring on Sunday is caused
hy the Pat-ta-wee, or earth d&t, being in
exceas; tbe fire dit, which attended the

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patient at liia canception, is destrojeit, and
the gall caiuicqiieiiUy touched. Sickness
occurrinff on Monday ia caused by the
water dSt heioR in eicesa ; the wiailj dflt,
which atbonded the patient ut his concep-
tion, is destroyed and the appetite lost.
In diieasBB accan-ing oa Taesday, the &re
dftb IB in exoess, and Che gall disordered.
When a diaease occurs ou Wednesday, tlie
water d&t is in exFesB, the appetite de-
stroyed, and the bowela canatipaited. Sick-
ness occurring on Thursday is cuneed by
the gall being in excess; the Ah-ka-tlia
(lit, which attended the patient at his con-
ceptioD, ia diiturbcd, and the Ore d&t is
diaorganiied. When a disease occurs an
Friday there is an excess of fonl food in
the stomach, the earth dftt, which attended
the putient st his conception, is destroyed,
and the fire dAt is diatnrbed, which in-
creases the beat of the budy. Sickness
occuiTing on Sntnrday is canBod by the
Ah-ka-tha dit being in excese; the fire
d&t is destroyed and the water d4t is dis-
turbed;

Dpon these rules appears to be con-
structed the whole of the immense system
□f Hurmeee Medicine, for a minute de-
scription of which, together with the Bnr-
niescMatenaMedicn, the reader is referred
to the above-mentioned work hy Dr Mac-
dunald.

There are many Europeans in Bumiah,
and a few £ur"penu Medical men, anil in
the British Bettlements an the coast there
sio a great number of both (vidt India).
Nnttre Medical men are obliged to stady
for some years under Professors of Medi-
cine in Ava before they are allowed to
practise, and are then very chary about
admitting Boy European doctrines into
their plan of pniulice.

CIYLOir

This large and beautiful island belongs
to Qreat Britain, and contains a great
number of Kuropenn settlers. Any British,
Colonial, or native Pliysician may practise.
TliB former have the best practices, and
are generally employed hy European mer-
chants. In the high land coffee districts
many Europeans, with large establish-
ments, employ British Medical men Co
attend them, their families, managers,
servants, &i!„ and pay them fixed annual
salaries, which are generally large.
Calcutta and Madras Degrees are ob-
tained by coloured gentlemen, who are
descendants of the Dutch and Portuguese
inhabitants of the island, and their

Diplomas are recognised by the Colonial ]
Oovernment for civil appointments. There
is a MediL-Hl School at Cnloinho, i
tion with the Indian Uuiveisibies, but
no University in Ceyluu. Besides the
European Medioal men and native prac-
titioners of the European system, there
are a great number of native ]iraetitIonflrs
of the Hindu system, but these are en-
tirely employed by the poorer classea of

CHINA

In this vast empire there are thrw
distinct systems of Medicine existing — tha
Chinese, the Tibetian, and the Eoropean.
The first prevails in China proper, the
second in Tibet, Turkestan, and the
northern Mongolian districts borderiag
on Siberia, and the third exists only in the
luaritiine districts. 'In Cliina proper it
is traditionally stated that Houang-ty
(B.C. 2637} formed the knowledge of
Medicine into a system, the epitome of
which Una come down to us auder the
name of Kuei-king. It is probable that
Cliaug-ku (about A.n. 229) first culti-
vnted the science of Medicine, as no
Medical works before that time recom-
mend the preparation and mixture of
Medicines; a sufficient proof of the little
attention that bad been paid to the cul-
tivation of the healing art. Tl]e Medical
hooks are nameroas in China, and are
often foysterions and inscrutable, being
hased on Che supposed superior light and
experience of the ancients, and are l\ill of
erroneous theoretical knowledge of hot
air and cold, the dry and the moiety the
superior and the inferior influences, &c.
The Chinese imperial work (' E-tsung-king-
kass') bas been revised and republished
by the Physicians of the Hoyal College,
in obedience to an Imperial order. But,
ignorant of aaatomy, thoy apply theory
to explain the pheuouieoa of the human
body, and are persuaded that there is a
close connection between them and the
motions of the heavenly bodies. The igno-
rance of the modern Chinese practitioner
in any unusual complication of disease ia
well marked. An interesting example waa
stated during Lord Macartney's Embassy,
hen the Calao, or VJiier of the Emperor,
ill sick. This was considered by the
iiinese Physicians as having arisen from
malignant vapour, which had insinuated
self into the frame, and, flying from one
part of the body to another, bad caused

I

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I

* Fmai Di W

I ■ iieilcm

101

MEDICAL EDDCATION AND FRACTICB

I
I

the diatresaiDg lymptomB. Wit1i tbeview
of Bllowlng the Hir to eecupp, they had
made deep panctures with gold and silver
needlee, which cuused eiqiiiaite pHin
without giving any relief. Dr. GiUen fonod
the indisposition to proceed from rheuma-
tism, combined with a hernia, which wsa
■ooD relieved hj the aaeietance of the
Boropeaa Phyaician. In conaeqaence of
tb6 restricted nature of the Chinese
^fitem of education, and their being con-
tent with merely repeating, and never
varjiQg the form of learning, or attempt-
ing to enlarge ita boundary, their educa-
tion produces no salatary improve tueut.
There is a Medical College at Ppki.i for
the propagation of the Chineae system of
Medicine, and for the inatrnctioo of the
higher clnsaes of Practitionera for im-
perial purposea. For it youths are aelected
chieQy IVom the f&Loiliea of the Medical
profeauoD, as they are accnatomcd to
attend the sick, and are sappneed to
possesa cberiehed Medical receipts. These
Stndents are allowed to practise On
prisoners ; and with thia elementary know-
ledge they enter the College, the Pro-
fessors of which are nrrau|j;ed into grades,
flfteeo being Imperial Piiysiciana, forty
inferior practitiODera, thirty apprentices,
and twotity apothecariea. The aelected
Fhyaiciaas watch over the health of the
Emperor and his household, and the
great oiGcera of the State whsn siek, and
on these oceaeiona relaya of horses and
camels and travelling eipenteeare allowed
when they are sent to a dislaiico. There
is also a Board of Health, which is in-
tended to watch over the working of the
Medical art in the city, and to prevent
mil irregularities in the proper method of
during the difierent classes of disease by
mperintenffing the subordinate Medical
<^cers, but without any eiamining powera.
Siapenaarios and native Hospitala eiist in
■ome of the chief citiea of Cliina, where
Oie poor receive gratnitoua Medical aid
from Practitionera in the pay of the
9tate. Without the mesns of acquiring
anatomical or physiological knowledge no
advaDcHment is made in the improvement
of Medicine. A degenerate class of the
prieata of Fo and Taotse employ chiefly
cbarms and andden agitation in order to
flrive away evil apirits, which, they
declare, produce disease. For this purpose
they Sre off crackers, or oblige the patient
to leap out of bed and run about the
room to drive out the spirits. An in-
ferior order of these quacks, like those
of Europe, distribute hand-bills and post .

ap placards aboot towna and cities, in
comiiiendatiiin of themselves and their
drugs i and some of tbeir remedies are
really ueefnl. The nnmberof Medical Prac-
titioDers in cities and villaijes is often
large. There are computed to be two
thousand in Canton alaue. Many of these
are poor and ignorant, and follow the
Medical art as the easiest means of ao-
quiriug a livelihood; and being asaooiated
with quacka and mountebank a, they are
held in little repots, and have very small
fees. The Chineae Practitioners are not
always paid by the visit but by the Medi-
cines they recommend, the price of which
is enhanced in value by the Practitioner,
and diminUhed by the patient and his
friends. Some of the better class of Prac-
titioners in cities viait their patients in
aedau-chaira at a fixed hour betbro break-
fast. The chief person of the house
receive! iiim, and tea and pipes areaS*ered,
after wliich be is requested to eiamiue
the sick person's pulse. He then asks a
few questions, prescribea for his patient,
and receivis his fee, wrapped up iu red
paper, which is called " golden thanks,"
The lee varies in value from two shillings
and sixpence to Sve or aii shillings, ac-
cording to the reputation of the Prac-
titioner and the meaiia of the patient.
The respect the Chinese have for the
departed, and their rooted aversion to
touch a corpse, and still more to cut and
mutilate it, interferes seriously with their
study of anatomy, and thns tbeir know-
ledge of the poaition, form, and naea of
the viacera is ofCeo of the crudest and
most erroneous natuie. The liver ranks
next to the heart, and is the seat of the
intelligent soul, and from the gall-bladder
emanate bold determinations. The third
essential organ is the lunge, but their
functions of organising nod purifying
the blood, and removing the superfluous
carbon, are unknown to tbem. In the
centre of the thorax they place the vital
soul, the breath (ke), whose appearance at
birth announces the arrival into the ex-
ternal world. The kidneys, the spleen,
and the stomach form the other esaential
organs. Like the Greeks, the Chinese
suppose the arteries to contain air; and
have no name or correct distinction for
the arteries and veins ; not ba*-iQg observed
the valves of the veins, the capillary vessels,
or the change of the blood in the lunga.
They, however, make a distinction in
favour of Medical Juriaprudenee, which is
one of the subjects of their competitive
Examiuatiun, and is carefully etadied. In

I

caus of sadden and violent death the
1; is examined externally, from which
they draw their conclnaions. In modern
times the importance of a Icnowledge of
anatomy, and interconrae with naCii)Da
who considered it aa tbe fonndatioD of the
profesiiuii of healing;, has indnued them to
prepurea Tew rnde inaccurate platee to aasiet
in its Btady, which are snpposed to give a
general ontline of the organs; exbibitini;
what they Buppone ought to be them,
rather than what they have really eeen.
It is Btated that Wang Wei wrote a book
deBcribing the anat«iiiy of tbe haman
body, BB exiiibited by a copper model in
Peliin, said to be eitremly rude and im-
perfect. Anatomy is not taught at tbe
Imperial College. They divide the hnman
body into two luilves, each of which has
one eye, one arm, Bhoulder, leg, fout, &c.
They likewise divide tbe Irady into three
parts, a high, middle, and lower part. Tbe
Snt reacbea from the head and neck to
the upper opcuiog of tbe atomaoh, and
ooroproliends the bead, lungs, heart, and
its envelopes, &c.) tiie aecond, or middle
part, eitenda from the upper orifice of
tim stomach to tbe middle of tbe abdo-
Vien, and inctudea the stomach, apleeu,
liver, &c,\ and the third, or lower piir^
aitenda from the middle of tbe abdomen
to the feet, and is made up of the kidneya,
bladder, ureters, intea tinea, &c.

The constituent clemetita of the body
conaiet of two parta, viz. vital heat (yang),
and radical moiaturo (yin). These ctementa
reaide in the blood and vital apirita, their
union eonatituting- life and their aeparatiou
death. Tbe radical moiature eiiats iu six
different parts — on the left side, in tbe
heart, liver, and left kidney— on the ri|^ht
aide, in the luuga, Bpleen, and right kid-
ney. The vital heat, which eiiata in tbe
viscera, ia coadned to the amall inteatinea,
gall-bladder, and nreters, on the left aide,
■nd to tlio large inteatinoa, gtumach. and
genital organs on the right aide. The con-
cordance which exitta between the viscera
ia chisaiBed as follows :— Tlie small intes-
tines are in harmony with the heart ; the
gall-bladder with the liver; the ureters
with tbe kidneya ; the large intestines with
the lungs ; tlie stomach with the spleen ;
and the generative organs with tbe right
kidney. Tbe vital heat and radical mois-
ture of the body pa«a st certain times into
the viscera rrom tbe limha. and elee vend.
Diseases are cured by tbe action of ex-
ternal agents upon the vital economy.

In summer the beat acta npou the heart
•od UtgB iutesUnes, the viiwera being in

108

harmony with the sonth, the liver and
gall-bladder with the atmoephere, and both
with the east^ aa well as the apring. Tbe
metals act upon the lungs and large intes-
tiuea, being in harmony with Che west, and
with the autumn. Vital heat and radical
moisture begin at three o'clock in the
jnoining, commencing in tbe Inngs and
terminating in tbe liver in twenty-four
houra. The number of pulaaUons in
twenty-foQT hours amounta to between
S4,000 and 67,000, while the number of
respirations in the same time is about
35,000. The principal basis, however,
upon which Chiueae Medicine rests ia the
atate of the pulse. From it they discover
both the seat and canae of diacoao. Dis-
easea of the heart are discovered by the
sLate of the pulse of the left arm j thoae
of the liver by the state of the palse of
the same arm higlier up ; in diacaaeii of the
stomach the pulse ia felt iu the right arm ;
in thoae of the lungs at the wriat; and in
those of the kidneys above the wrist.

Id addition to its physical framework,
tbe human body ia supposed to be eodowed
with dve qualities or virtues corresponding
to tho five olements of the Chinese cosmo-
gony. These coostitnte tlie meutal and

oorain
absoluto la, c

reof m

« him to tbe
ethereal power of the
universe, uetween these principles thtre
is a mutual connection and harmony; and
as long aa the five elements, and yang and
jin, are maintained in wjuilihriam, tbe indi-
vidual cnjoya good health ; but ahould one
of the elementa predominate over tbe
other, or a weakness of either yaug or yin
occur, disturbing the eqniiibrium, it de-
ranges the functions of certain organs, and
produces tbe aneasy feeling of sickneas in
our organization. Diseases caused by
these derungenienta are accompanied
either by an excess or deficiency of beat,
cold, or moiatare ; and Hedicinca employed
to correct sncli irregnlnrities restore tho
healthy equilibrium. The system of the
Chinese physics, like thst of the Hindus,
and of t'ytbagoraa, relics much on the
influence of numbera, particularly five and
its multiples. There are five plaurU,
Satnm, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mer-
cury, and five simple bodies or elemtuts,
earth, wood, fire, metal, and water. Tliere
are likewise five directions, the middle,
east, weat, north, and sonth ; five colours,
yellow, green, red, white, and black; Bve
organs, the heart, Inngs, liver, kidneys,
and stomach ; •five membranous '

• Bys.

WJMI|5 uiic vl Lhc bwljr.

^V 106

^M theki

MEDICAL EDUCATION ASD PRACTICE

I

rge and anull intestlnca, the ttomach,
hlLidder, and gull-bladder. The Chiaase
lltewiae difltinguiah live tastes, aweet, eunr,
bitter, pungent, oud suit, Thtae principlos
are esBeotial and eternal, of which ell
bodies are made up, and by means of wbicb
active powen, in nnioa with the iirodnGtive
and unproductive principles, tlio world is
SUppOBBd to be reg-nlated. Tbe five organs
Bjmpathiae with the elementa; tbe heart
HympathtBeB witb the element of Gre, the
Inngs with metals, the llvor with wood, the
kiilnejB with water, and tbe «toraaoh with
earth. A goodtranslntiou from tbe Eagliab
to the Chinese langnage has latel; been
made of an anatomical and phjsialogical
work, and, as It is vxtenaivol; read by all
clasaes of this gbrewd people, will prove a
good foandation for a radical chunge. It
Jiftsbeen already followed by another trans-
Intiou on the principles and practice of
Surgery and Medicine, including a treatise
on Midwirer; and puerperal diseases, and
inrautile aSeations. Among snoh a people
these works will be foond most useful, and
already tbey have re-publisbed a large
edition for general circulation j and the
OhiDese commissioners have sent many
copies to Ftrkin and other towns. The
Imperial Medical College, in connecUou
with Pekin University, is well conducted.

Iq Tibet and Tartary the prsctice of
Medicine is eiclnsively confined to the
priests, or Lamsa. Tbey are alone sup-
posed to know the secreta of life, and the
means of aasnagiDg the displeasure of Uod
by their iiiteroesaions and prayers. There
are Lamaserys, or Medical Schoola, as that
of Konnboum, where the Faculty of Medi-
cine instructs pupils in the art, and from
which the head Lamaa and stndcnta pro-
ceed every year, towards the close of the
summer, to a favorable part of the
country, where they remain a fortnight,
collecting medicinal plants on the bills.
Ever; morning, when on these excnreiona,
after nicitlug their prayers in common,
drinking their tea, and eating their barley,
meal cdces, they tuck-up their garments,
and proceed to the billB ander the guidance
of one of tho Professors. Each has a lung
iron-pointed stick, a small pickuic, and a
leathern hag snepended from the girdle;
and they carry on their backs large tea
kettles, as the party spends tbe entire day
in tbe mountains. They return in the
evening laden with plants and grasses,
and the remainder of the day is spent
in cleaning and spreading out on mats the
various production a of the vegetable king-
dom. Eight dayij are thus spent in col-

lecting, and five days in aeleoting and
cliiasifyiug the different MedicineR, and on
tbe fourteenth day a sniall portion is given
to each student, tbe remainder hecoiniDg
the property of the Facalty of Mediciue.
The fifteenth day is kept as a festival la
the form of a banquet of tea, with milk,
barley-meal, little cakes fried in batter,
and boiled mutton. The mudicines are
deposited in tbe drug room of Ihe Lama-
aery, where tbey are tborougUy dried by
the heat of a moderate fire, reduced to
powder, and divided into small doses, which
are neatly enveloped in paper, and labelled
witb their names. Tbe pilgrims who viut
the Lamasery purchase these remedies at
exorbitant prices, and the Mongol Tartars
never return home from market without an
ample store, having an unlimited confidence
in whatever comes from a holy place. The
Tibetian Pi^ysicions aro empirical in tbe
treatment of disease. They suppose there
are fonr hundred and forty diseases to
which tbe human liiime is subject; and
tbe Lamas of tbe Faculty of Medicine
are obliged to study and learn tbeir Medical
biNiks by heart before they practise. Whan
well prepared by careful study, tbe student!
are obliged to treat, in tbe presence of
tbe Professors, three diseases, iudioating
their characteristics, their diagnosis, and
the manner of caring them, to teat their
knowledge. The Lama Pbyaiciana, unlike
the Chineae, bleed sometimes, and cup
often. This is performed by eicoriatiog
tbe akin, and like tbe Hindus, placing ovsr
it a bullock's bom, open at the point.
They exhaust the air within by their
mouths, and when a sufficient vacunm ii
obtained, stop up tbe bole witb a pellet
of chewed paper. Tbey place great reli-
ance on tbe state of tbe urine, and require
specimens of it, collected at different
houra of the day and night. They examine
it with minate attention, and take Che
greatest hoed of all the changes it ander-
goea in colour. They whip it from time to
time with a wocdeo apatulu, and then pnt
it up to tbe oar to ohaerve whether it
makes a noise or otherwise. But tbey rely
chiefly on tbe pulse, which they examine
much in tbe manner in which a moalcian
paiscs bis fingers over the strings of an
instmrnent. This is unlike the Chinese,
who feel tbe pulee in suceessian, while the
Tartars feel both pulses simultaneously.
They have only vegetable medicines, and
carefully avoid the use of mineral sob-
stances. Should tbe Lama Physician have
no Medicine witb him he writ<?B the name
of the vegetable be thinks proper for the

I
I
I

'mil

d priest, is lup-

the licfc poiOD b; ti«
powd to h»<e tte MB

Tbe K«j optau (ptem ot medioDe exists
onljr in IbeaBritiiBepKrU of China proper.
Am mat tt the porta of CfaisB >re open to
Bnropeui trade Ibece ue ■ gaai nainber of
Eoiopeui rcvdemt^ inclndii)^ Uedicd meo,
vho ayaj perfect Uber^ of kction. In
■U the open ttsding pom there are Eon)-
peau Hedical men, who are genecallj
engaged in partaenhip practice, and L
attending Suropean firms, vhich mek
contracts vith them to attend thei
managers, clerks, and familieB, for b
many dallBrs a year, and gi^e handsome
salariea. Considerable pracLire is also o
tailed, and well puidfor, noiongst captaii
officerB, and crews, coUEigued to the Tsrions
firms. In I'cxichow the mercbsnt':

Rive 300 dollars each for Medicsl

attiind tbemforajear when there are more
than two members to attend, and 340 dol-"
lara when oplj two membera are to he
attended. An; ona inttndiog to proceed to

tCbuiB in order to practise as a Medical
|nan, shonid have a definite prospect of i
j^tnersbip ot appointment.
CYFsns

This island now forms part of thi
British Empire, and has a rapidly inrrrss
iag British popnlatioo. Tliere aru n'
present no Medical Schools, and any regis
terad British PjactilJoiier m«y practise ii
the island. The prospect of good remn
nenttion, however, is just now a poor one
hat will probably improve beloru long.

rSENCH COLOniES IN INDIA

Cochin, Karikal, Chandemngore, Mak£,
PoDdicherry, and Vanaon, with a popiila.
tion of about 2,000,000, form the Freiu^li
possessions in the eaat. The only medical
men at present in practice, eicept in tin.
ease of Pondicherry, are Medical ofltceri
of the army atatioued there. There an
many British residents at all these
colonies.

» itnmenie trndn
. Japan, and la rapidly

V popiii

The only Hediral nivu Hllowod to pTiicti

British, or British Colonial, anu
Natites. A Britisli Medical iiian lulvnd-
„ a commence pnu'tiea tlicru sliouUI
Grit of all leoore an nppoiutmDnt,

INDIA
This portion of the Uvitlxh Kinulro oon>
sts of tbe proviiici-s of hi>iiKnl, North
West Province, Putijnb, (.'ititnil I'roviinw,
British Biirmah, Avtiim, Madrnx, nud Uuin-
bay, and of Nativu Stiitim. ICanli |iniTliiui'

.Dd D

civil

government, but nil aru iiiburdliM
supreme Qovtrnment of the Viceroy of
India, who repreaunta Ujd KiiijiriiM Vlii-
toria. Id all parti of Iiidlu Ihuru Is frn>i
trade in McilUlnxi iind (iuuiii(|Uvully
Medicsl men lirtvu to compvUi wllb uatlvn
Practitioners and nnquallHuiJ niun, houik iif
whom have )(ood pructleuai altlioutfh, as a
rule, few Eurujivuna i^Hii aiiucmiil Ha Mtidl-
cal Practitioncm uiil<>sa vtnpluyoil, In Ilia
first instance, by the Indlnli (Juvvminalit.
The two ■'yoti'iiia of Mmlli'lnii iiractlsud in
India— the Nntlvu llliidii ami Ilia Kill' ii-
pean— are i[uiLi> ditUnitt, and, M Id whi'*,
in oppixitiun to ir\u\\ ai\\vT, Thn Hindu
ayBlem, the prncUiiu of whinh Is uiitiltijud
Hltogethcr to the iml.lviis of a low graita,
is K"''!"""} ul''l"K "".V l^> V'* Waatal'll
rival, iinil in nnwHi- iif tlin* Wa tUMy e()ivnl
I'v acknuwIuilKlnii

ipponr

,.'. 1 1 in

I Kiiru|ii<i
I wurka '■ ■

iilillnil I

UhiIIhIhs
Id .

^H Th

HOHO EONO

riinntcd licforH tbe crirriipl lou of lliii liiy-
IholoKiciil >y>t.^ni. In toiiio of llii Hliua.
tria(BUubuln'Chttisku' unil ' Huanilu') It
is rucordud tlinl lliu auoruU Ayur-wds, tliu
most nnuiant syiti'W uF Mudlrljiu, anil iit
the himheat authority uiiionv Uia Hindu*,
conslstod of ona liiitidrad siiullun* uf a
thousand ataniss waoh, or a lao uf vartaa
(lll^k■■), Ood, pl(\lnK tlie waaknutB suil
auftL'rlnu ut mNukInd, and snalnii Ihu Im-
pDHlblllty of their iDirnlnK so Urge *
work, abridged it, and dlvldul It Inlu ail
parU, vis. 1—1. Butra-s'tllklia, ur aurgicsl
dvllnlUona. 8, Nedaiia-s'tliana, or lym-
ptuniB or diagnuals, 8. Harlra-i'tliao*, ur
anatomy. 4. CliiklU-a'thana, or tliarapla.
e. KalpB-a'tbana, or dnvtrluu uf antldutoa.
6. UtUtra.a'tbana, or supple uientary tea-
Hon on local diauaiio, FrsKiuonts only of
the Ayur-vuda have uscapud llio duatruc-
• tvm Di. WIh'B ' UiUIeLdb umif Iba AbImIIci,'

I
I

^09

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICB

e fonncl In

tive ravages of ti

Medical ioformatioii was BuppOBod to bave
been derived from the fall and true ac-
coniit of every biancb of tbe healing art,
we are enabled, tbrongh tbeir works, to
jndge of tbe arraagenient of the original.
Iti general plan is given in 'Snarutu,' in
wbicli Medicine is divided into eigbt sec-
tionB. These are :

1. Salyn, or Surgery; including tbe
mode of removing external aabBtiLnoee
accidentally introduced into the Iwdy. It
explains the means of removing Ibe dead
child teosn its mother, of healing weonds
inflicted bj abarp iaatpoments, of apply,
ing bauduges, ueing Burgicitl instruments
in operations, of applying esebarotioa and
tire, and of the trent^nent of diff'erent kinds
of inflammation, abacesseB, and other enr-

Z. SaJakyiL includea tbe description and
tbe treatment of external and organic
dieeasea of tbe eyes, ears, mouth, nose,
and other diseases sitnated above the
davielea.

These two constitute tbe ^nrgery of
modern Schools.

3. EayaChikiteS, in which are described
the diBcaticB nbicb affect tbo whole body —

(iinmadu), epilepsy (apasnara), teproey
(kusta), diabetes (bamutm), and other
dlseasea of tbe same kind.

This may be considered as constitatiug
the practice of Physic.

4, Bhotavidya, or tbe means of restoring
the deranged faculties of tbe mind, sup-
posed to be productid by demoniacal pus-
eesaions, as by the anger of the gods
(DevCas), devils (Asars), or another kind
of devils (Gaudarba), demigods or devils
(Jaksha), giants resembling devils (Rak-
ahas), spirits of dead men (Petrigriha),
and other kinds of devils (Pishacba).

These voiions demigods, when enraged,
were supposed to enter into the person,
and produce the various diseases of the
mind, which could only be removed by
prayers. Medicines, ablations, aiid offer-
ings to the ofi'ended deity.

6. Kaumara-Bhritya comprised tbe treat-
ment of infants, the effects of bad milk,
aud improper diet, and tbe natare of
infant diaeusea, including those produced
by the displeasure of certain demigods
{Grabs).

0. Agada. In this division tbe adminis-
tration of antidotes for poisons naa consi-
dered, as for preventing the effects of, and
diseases produced by, miueru!, vegetable.

and animal poiaona, auch as tbe bites of
dangerous serpents, iasoets, &c.

7. Bosayana treated of those Hedioinea
which cure diseases in general, and restore
youth, beauty, and happiness. This divi-
sion embraced Chemistry, or more properly
Alchemy, as the chief of the chemieal
combinnUaoS described in it are tnetal-
lurgic ; and the intention was to discover
the Universal Medicine — tha panacea that
would render health permanent, and lite
perpetual. Such a Medicine was supposed
tupreserve the energies of youth, Btrengthao
memory, lengthen life, and prevent as well

6. Bajikarana. Thia division made
known the heat means of increasing tba
human race, by poiutiug out the mode by
which tone was given to the weakened
organs of generation, nhen tbe sensibility
of tliese parts became diminished or de-
ranged.

These remarks upon the divisions of thil
moat ancient work are tbe only parts
which have come down to ua. They afford
the most incontestable evidence of the
Hindu Medical writings having been tbe
result of observation and experience, and
that the authors OBsigned a Divine origin
to them in order to increase the respeot
paid to the hooks and t« tbemsclvea.
They thus seem to have arranged the
diseases, according to the frequency of tbo
assiitance required from tbe art, and ia
the order in which the knowledge of Medi-
cine naturally advanced. The tacred Aynri
veda thus euntained a description of tha
structure of the human body; an account^
of tbe causes and diseases t£ i
subject, reduced to a systematic form ; the
enumeration of many uaelUl remedies; and
tbe precepts for preserving health and
curing diseases.

' Charaka' and 'Snaruta' are suppoaed to
be commentaries on the Ayur-veda, being'
more suited to the understanding of a de-
generate and saSering people; but the
ancient Hindus did not allow tbe pteja-
dices that new exist in Asia, against the
touching of tbe dead body, to interfere
with that important and necessary branch
of knowledge, which can be acquired by
dissection alone. ' Cliaraka' is considered
to bu the most ancient and tbe most cele*
brated Hindu Medical
divided into dght books, following th«
eight divisions of tbe Ayur-veda, ■" "
first book (Shloka-s'thana) explaii
origin of Medicine and the duty of the
Physician; the arrangement, property, and
natur^,

I
I

use of Medicine ; and the c

BTmtion, and wire of disMw. These

^sibjecto are coiuidered nnder thirty heads.

Dot &1wHjs well deGoed. The fallowing

are the twenty chief *ecti&ns; orifrin Ol
Medidoc; Muteiis Hedica; n^ of Uedi-
cine ; diet ; causes of di&eaee, and means
of prevrnting it; the dntiea of the Pb}*-
giciBn to the patient and attendants; hot
eteam batba; prepaisUDn of Hedicine;
derangemeiita of the head and belly, and
Other diseases; regimen; natnre of tlie
diseoaes of the blood ; the advantage of
treating disease; the claaaifi cation of food
iol« Bolid and liquid; the enumentioa of
the ten vital parta ; the necesaity of a
akilfal Physician for the cnre of disease;
the means of retaining good health; and
the knowledge of disenso.

The second book contHing a dcacription of
diaeasea (Nidann s'thana), as fever and its
caasea; discharge? of hlood from tlie natural
orifices i tnmours (gulma) ; diabetes and
gonorrhcoa; leprosy; coninmption; mania
and epilepsy.

The third book (BImana-a'thana) con-
sldera the canses and nature of epidemics;
the nature of food ; the aymptoms. dia-
gnnsis and caniplicationi of disease i the
use and variety of Medicines; and tbe
peculiarities of the fluida of the body.

The fourth book (Shari^Ea-s'thana)
conlaina remarka on the nature of the
Bonl i conception; tbe varieties of the
gpeciea; tbe qualities of the elements and
their comhi nation a ; a description of the
different parts of the body; and the cdq-
nection of the sonl and boily.

The fifth hook (Indriya-s'tbana) con-
tains a diFscription of the organa of sense,
and their peculiarities and diaeascs; the
colour of the body, and the Medicines to
improve it; general defects of speech;
diseases of the body, and those symptems
vhich afiect the acnsen, and other parts of
the iKjdy ; the causes of tbe diseases of
organs, and of other parts; sodden loas
of strength ; and death.

The sixth book (Cheketsa-s'thana) con.
aiders the trestmeat of disease, and thi
means of improving the colonr of the
body, increasing Tigonr,and enjoying long
life. This is accomplished by improving
delicate health, increasing strength, avoid-
ing disease, and so reaching old age. By
ferding cows yon improve the colour of
the body, and incraase strength by the use
of their milk. The treatment of different
classes of diseases, as fever, dropsy, swell-
ing, piles, chronic diarrhiea, jnandice,
aslbmn, cough, dysentery, vomiting, ery-
sipelas, thirst, and the effects of ptnsotu.

Remedying- the coniequences of drinking

intoxicating liquora, of local und genentl
' iSsmmatiaD, of disesies of the vital parts,
F large abscesses of ttie thigh, of rhea-
latistn, and of spusmodic and paralytia

The seventh hook (Knipa-s'thana)
treats of emetics and pui^tives, and the
manner of using antidotes and Medical
charms. This book is divided into twelve
chapters, in which is given the manner of
exhibiting tbe emetics and pargativea used
by the ancient Hindus, with directions for
employing them.

The eighth book (Siddbi-s'tbana) treats
of injections and evacuating Medicines,
and describes the vital parts of the body.
This book is divided inl4i twelve chapters,
of which the chief aubjects are the
evacuating Medicines ased in fever, in-
jections for the urethra, vagina, and
rectum ; abscesses, their results and treat-
ment; the use of clysters for tho care
of diseases; a descripliou of vital parts.

Medical Doctrine (8utra-»'thana).

book treats of miscellaneous intro-
ductory aubjects, such as the principles of
Medicine, the origin of Medicine, the se-
lection, management, and inauguration of
pupils; their faculties; the first principles
and elements of the body ; the various
forms of disease and ncciilents, and their
treatment; the rnlea for teaching; the
duty of practitioners; tlie selection and
use of instruments and of Medicines ; the
influence of the weather on healtli; and
the practjce to bo followed after surgicitl
operations. Then follows the description
of the diseases of the humours, and of
flargical diseases ; the restoration of da*
fcctive ears and noses; bbo removal of ex-
traneous subataiices which have entered
tbe body j the different stages of inflaui-
mation, with their treatment ; the different
forms of wounds and ulcors; the regimen
of patients labouring under surgical
diseases ; the description of good and bad
diet; prognosis; the kind of messengers to
be employed by the sick ; diseases produced
Ifj the deranged actions of tbe senses ; and
incurable diseases. Then folio* the pre-
parations required for accompanying a
rajah in war; the duty of practitioner*!
the varietj)' of climates; the different classes
of Medicines according to their ■eiiaiLle
qualities; and a description of tho fluids, of
the different preparations, and of articWs

I

J

110

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRAOTICB

I

of food. These gnbjectB u-e treated oF
forty -six ohapters.

2. Fatholog; (Nednua-B'thaim). The
sjmptolna and dla^noaia of diseases pro-
duixd by vitiut^ hiimoora, or dsTdnge-
mtntB or blood, bile, wind, and pbk'gm.
The symptoms aad causes of rheumatic
disensei, of piles, atone, ■flatula-in-ano,
leprosy, diabetes, g^norrhcea, End aac
tbe Bymptonia of unnatural presentations
in midwirory, larj^e totertinl abcesat^s, ery-
sipelaa, scrofula, bydrocele, diaeasea of tbe
organs of generntian, and of tbe mouth.
TLeae sobjecta are conaidered in siiteon
uhuptera,

3. Anatomy (Barira-H'thana), or atrac-
tute of the body. Thia givea a deai^riptioo
qC the aoul, and oC tbe elemeutarj parts of
tbe body ; of puburty ; of conception ; of
tlia growth of the different parts of the
bodyj of bleeding; of tbe treatment of
pregnancy, and of infanta. This divlsiuo
baa ten chapMrs.

4. Therapia (Chikitaa^a'thana) dea-
scribea the aymptoma and trentment of
diseases, vouiids, and ulcers; the biatury
of inflammation ; the treatment of fracturea,
rlieumatiu diaeasea, piles, atone, fl<itula-in-
nno, leproay, diabetes, and drop^; the
manner of eitracting the child from the
oterns in nnnaaal poaitions; the arrange-
ment of diet J remadiea for retaining and
restoring health and strength, and foi
prolonging life ; tbe meana of preventing
diseases i the use of clyaten, cj errhinen,
and of the smoke of different medicinid
Buhataocea. Thi^se are considered in forty

5. Doctrine of Aotidotes (Kalpa-s'thana).
Thia expUiua tlie meana of preparing and
preserving food and drink, and of diatin-
guishing poisoned food; and deacriptions
o{ different coineral, v^etable, and animsl
poieona, with their antidotvB. Thia division
ii treated of in eight chapters.

6. The supplementary section (Uttaru-
s'thana) includes various local diseases,
not mentioned in the previous chapters,
without any acientilic order ; snch aa those
of the eyes, noae, ears, and head, with
their treatment ; the symptomi and treat-
ment of fever, and ita varieties ; dyaen-
tcry ; consumption ; tumonra ; discnsea of
the heart; jaundice; discharges of blood;
and fainting. Thia is folluwi'd by the
ti-eatment of intoxication, cough, hic-
coogh, aatlima, hoaraeneas of voice, worms,
sterlioroua vomiting, cholera, dyspepsia,
and dyaiiria. It also treats of madnesa,
including the kind produced by demons in
poaseased persouaj tLpilepsy; npopleiyj

(he different tHstes of Bubstances, witb. I
their effects; tbe means of ret " "
health ; and the different opinii
practitioners regarding the hamonra.
These auhjecta are treated io thirty-sii
chapters.

The 'Charaka' and 'Busruta' are the
groondwork of tbe more recent Medical
syatema, in which their antbora have ad-
hered to the arrangement and the general
detaila of the originals. But these imita-
tors, being ignorant of anatomy, and of
the usual oanaes of disoaBca, are atill more
defective in their deaoriptiona, particularly
when they deviate from the more ancient
writera. Those who are taught after "Cha-
ralu ' become Physicians, and those after
'Suarnta' Surgeons. Beeides these sacred
writings, there are many valoable profes-
sional commentaries on different Medical
anbjeota, said to have been composed by
prophets and holy men, to whom a divine
origin 19 gener.iUy ascribed ; some written
in the Peninsula and the south of India, in
Tmunl, and some in Bengal and the
northern provinces, in Beogalee aod Sans-
crit. These works are chiefly valuable for
tbe explanations of obscure passages.

The edncntion of the upper claiud
among tbe Hindus was always pursued
with care, and was peculiar, to suit tha
manners of the country. The acbool wai
generally held under a spreading sacred

e disti

a from

village to which they belonged, when the
profeasor. or guru, delivered bis lectures-
One gum was celebrated for Theology,
another for Science, a third for Medicine.
&c. Before admission to snch tuitjon, the
youth was required to khow certain stu-
dies, to be of sufficient rank and capacity,
and to have afforded satisfaction to his
instmctor. Such a youth was allowed t«
enter upon his studies, and was (aught in
the learning of Che sect. It was not
alone to precepts of philosophy that the
guru attended, but they gnarded the pupil
against the commisaion of dangerona
errors and gross vices, as they conBidered
themaelves to be employed in the service
of the deity, who aided them by his
friendship in the execntion of their great
work, and in the investigation of the
weakness of nature. The sbndenta were
obliged to attend several hours a day to
the instruction of their guru, and to
meditate in solitude on the truths of
pliiloaophy; and they amused themselves
with experiments and tbe conversation of
their friendB. They had before them the
ezatnple of rigid rirtue id their precep-

i

tors, and were eipoBad to their reproacli
if they were not, at an; time, equall; firm
iu tlieir principles and practice. Tliej
bad ihe pride of BUstaiBiug tbe rank or
their Brahminical cftste, the fii'st in the
Btate, to nbicL the bigheit hoooura were
awnrded, which encoaraged them ir
pDrsuit of atudiea vhich were attended
with BO high a reward. In the present
da; the Hindu PhysiciBns must teach the
sons of Brahmina, of Khetriyas, and of
VoidjBB. In all cases the Medical student
must be the son of a Physician or of
regpectuble and ancient faiiiily. He
mustpoBseaa a mild, amiable, and happy
dispcsilion, he of an active, inqaisitive,
and observant mind, fond of hia dnties,
and not latigued with hia itiidies, of
retentive memory and correct judgment,
of a generous heart, aud possegsing true
philanthropy. The indicadons of sueh
qnaliScatitma are supposed to bo " a
agreeable voice, a small tongue and eye
and B amall and straight nose, vrith tbi
lips, short teeth, which da not expose the
gnms, and thick hair which rebtins i
vigour.',' These atadents of Mediiii
after being thoroughly tanglit tbe grai
mar for three years, and the Sanscrit
Vyaliaran, enter tbeir nanioa as the pupils
of some celebrated Brabmin or Vaidya,
who teaches the science of Medicine. He
is first to he taught the nomeDclnture of
the prof essiuo, .and afterwards -the wliole
system, including the theoretical as well
as the practical part. Native Physicians
are called Ambasbtha, and Vaiilya, wheu
they have acquired the Ayur-veda, or
Medical shastns. When a student has
studied Medicine, and became thoroughly
well educated in all its branches, be re-
ceives the authority rather of the Kajah or
tbe chief Vaidya to practise Medicine.

Tlie European system is mostly confined
to tbe European population, although
there are to be found all over tiie country
great numhersof native Physicians, quali-
fied Rccordiag to western iiotinns, anil
possessing British and other European
Degrees. These native Physicians, who
have in many ca'ea urquired great distinc-
tion at various European Dniversitica, as
a rule, qualify in Oreat Britain, and enter
the Indian Army, where they become
moat useful members of society. Some
yeura since I was fortunate enough to
make the acquaintance of a Graduate in
Uedicine of the University of Alierdeen, a
native of India, who for some time took
charge of my practice during my absence
ou tb« Continent. He was a moat intel-

IIA 111

ligent and thoroughly well- educated
gentleman, and was then about to enter
the Indian Medical Service. If this
geulleman be a type of the average native
Meilical Practitioner of the European
system I am sure tbey will compare most
favorably with Europeans.

There are four Universitiel in India ,
which grant Medical Degrees, viz. Cal-
cutta, Bombay, Madras, and Pnnjab.

The Indian Univeraity Degrees are not
necessary iu order to practise, neither
does there exist any Medical board to ex-
ercise control over Medical education or
practice, althongh the Medical colleges are
supervised by the Government, through
their Direclar of Public Instrnctlon.

Some Anglo-Indiaua stuily at some one
of tbe Universities and obtain the Medical
Degree, after which they settle in private
practice j bnc the majurity of this class
visit England and qualify in this country,
after which they enter tbe Indian Medical
service. It is nearly useless for a British
Practitioner to go to India with a view to
practise unless he have obtained an ap-
pointment under Qovernment, or in con-
nection with some large company in tbe
country. The Qovemment Medical offi-
cers monopolise nearly all tbe best private
practice among the Europeans and rich
natives, and the poorer natives are hardly
worth attending, for they rurely think of
paying, except for the services of tbe
Hakima, or Yaids (native doctors). A
Qavernment a{ i point me nt has other advan-
tages, such as sick leave, pension, privilege
leave, furlough, &o.

The following are tbe Indian Universi-

candidate for the Degree of Licentiate
of Medicine and Surgery (L.M. & 8.) mnst
have passed the Matriculation Examination
of this University, or of some University
recognised by [t. He must have been en-
gaged duriu]; four University years in Ppo-
fesaional study at a School of Medicine.
He must pass two Examinations.

First Examination. — No candidate itill
be admitted to this Examinaticm unless he
have produced certificatirs to the following
effect: — CI. Of having completed his nine-
teenth year. b. Of having been engaged
in Medical studies for at least two Uni-
versity yenrs. o. Of having attended the
following Courses at Grant Medical Col-
lege, Bombay, vil. two Courses each of
seventy Lectures on Descriptive Anatomy,
Physiology, and Chemistry i two Conrse*

J

112

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

en cli of thirty Lectures on Bntuny;
Conraafl each of sixty Lectures on Mh
Medicai two Canrae* each nftbreeinc
on Practiral Chemistry ; und one Coorse of
roar months on Practicnl Pbitrmacy. d. Of
having been engaged in Dissection for two
flrit terma, in tbe courae of whicli he must
have dissected the whnle body twioe.
Candidates arc examined io ait the sub-
jeeti above mentioned. The Exmnination
ie written and practicaL Oral Emmina-
lioti of candidates is left to the discretion
of the Examiners.

Second Eiamination. — No candidate wiU
be admitted to this Examination within
two years of having passed the First Ex-
amination. Each candidiite must produce
certitlcates of attendance on the following
Courses subsequently to having passed the
First EiaminatioQ, vii. :— Two_ Courses
each of seventy Lectures on Medicine and
Surgery; two Courses each of twenty
Lectures on Eye Diseases ; two Courses
each of sixty Lectures on Midwifery i two
Courses of sixty Lectures in the aggregate
□D Medical JurisprudeQce and Toxicology;
one Courrie of tiiirty Lectures on Pathology ;
and one Course of twenty Lectnrea on
Hy^eue. He mast also have dissected
the surgical regions and performed opera-
tions on tie dead body during two terms,
bave attended a Lying-in Hospital for nine
months, have conducted Midwifery cnses,
and have attended Hospital Practice for a
period of two years in the following iDan-
ner, viz. : — Eighteen months at the Medical
Practice of a recognised Hospital or Hoa-
jntals, including nine mouths Clinical
Clerkship ; eighteen months at the Surgi-
cal Practice of a recognised Hospital or
Hospitals, including nine months Surgical
Dresserahip ! and six months at the Prac-
tice of an Eye ItiBrmary. Each candidate
la required to prodnce reports of six Medi-
cal and six Surgical cases froio the Hospi-
tal, and certificates of good moral conduct.
Tlie Examination embraces all the subjects
above named, and is written and practical.
Oral Examination is left to the discretion
of the Examiners. The Clinical Examina-
tion ia conducted at the Jamsetjee Jejec-
bhoy, or Medical College Hospital, and in-
cludes Surgical operations.

A candidate for the Degree of Doctor of
Medicine must have obtained the Degree
(at least} of B.A. in this University, or
some Dniveraity recognised by it, and must
bare iei;nlar!y attended the Medical and
Surgical Practice of a recognised Hospital
or Hospitals for two years subsequently to
hovtug obtained the Degree of Licentiate

in Medicine and Surgery. He must also
have attended a CiiUrse of thirty Lectores
on Comparative Anatomy. He must also
prodnce testimoniflls from at least three
Doctors of Medicine that he has habits
and character fitting bim to hold the De-
gree of Doctor. The Examination inclades
Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery, and Com-
parative Anatomy, and is written, oral,
and Clinical.
The fees are the same a^ at Calcutta.

CALCUTTA

No person may he enrolled on the list of
Medical College stadents, or permitted to
obtain certificates of attendance on Lec-
tures or Hospital Practice, who has not
previously passed the First Arte Eiamiaa-
tion of the Calcutta University, or some
of the Preliminary Arts Examinations

ih Qeneral Medical Council,
mitted students must pay an entrance Fee
of Fifteen Rupees, and also Five Rupees a
month. The following Medical Schoola
are in affiliation with the Calcntta Uni-
versity, viz. : — Medical College Hospital at
Calcutta, Cuttack Medical School, Dacca
Medical School, Temple Medical School,
and Sealdah Cnuipbell Medical School. Ail
the Professors are paid regular salaries,
varying from 100 to 1800 Rupees.

The regulations for the Licence in Medi-
cine and Surgery (L.M, k S.) are the same
na at Bombay. For the M.B. an extra
Examination in Comparative Anatomy is
required to be passed ; and for the M.D.
the same conditions must be complied
with as are in force at Bombay, with tba
exception of the Examination in Compara-
tive Anatomy.

LAHORE
The Medical Faculty of the Panjab
University at Lahore has regulations for
the Medical Degrees somewhat similar to
those at Bombay. The only poiota of
difference are nnimpurtant.

MADRAS
Candidates for the Licence in Medidne
and Surgery, the M.B., and the M.D. at
this University, are subject to tho sams
rules as are in force at Calcutta University.
There are two good Medical Schools in
connection with this University. One was
instituted expressly for the education of
the subordinate Medical officers of the

I

!t QBeftil dasGof men, intended
1 the army and civil dcpnct-
ment of GoTcnimeDt, aad '
eicellant Medical edncatioi
Examlustiou BoiaetbiD|>: similar to that of
the ApntliecBriea' Hall, in Loodoii. Tlie;
are all Dativea of Indin, and are drafted,
as required, into regimenta and civil sCa-
tiona, where they are employed nndar tht
Uedical ofBcers aa Hospital ussietai '
are placed in iodependetit cliucgo of

BINDB
There ii a Uedical School hers in ai
ion with the Indian UaivBrsitiee, bi
loes not KTBDt Degrees or Licences.

JAfAN

This Empire is liy far the moal; advanced
In civiligatioa and modern ideas of any
naUve State in the East. There nre the
, ems of Medicine, but the old
native one (similar to the Cliineae) ii
(fivin|C way to the Enropaan system, which
has been most auccessf uUy inlrodnoed into
the country by nativea who bave studied
and graduated in Europe. The old au

tstitionj will make the odvanci; in Med
Science a alow one; but already there
established in tbe large cities Medical
Schools, which me in a flouriahing eoi
dilion. For many yeara there has been
Medical School at flagasaki, under Dnti
managftment, which has educated a great
number of native Physicians, bnt does nol
grant Degrece. At Yodo (lakid) there ii
a Medical School in connectioa with the
Dniveraity and Qnvemment General Hos-
pital, called the " Imperial Medical College
of ¥edo," whose ProfBsaor of Anatomy Is i

■ Fallow of the London College of Surgeons,
and wboac Prolesaor of Surgery is a
Memberoftbeaame College. ThiaCoIleKe
granta Medical Degrees. AtMiako (Kiotfl)
tbere is also a Huspital and Medical School,
wiiich does not grant Diplomoi, and wiiich
la presided over by Ftrdinand Ethelbert
Junker de Langegg, a Gradante in Medi-
cine and Surgery of Vieoua, and Member
I of the Loudon College of Surgeons. The
Courses of study at these Schools are not
quite equal to those of the European
Schools, jet Medical Qraduates in Japanwill
receive before long an education in every
respect equal to that of British PliysiciBna.
Strange as this may seem, it is uever-
theleaa true. Nor ia this all. Not only la
•ducation mnking tbe mott remarkably

rapidstrides in these islands, but foreignora
and nativea are now placed i>nnn an pnnnl
footing, are entirely free t
when they like, and are in a luir way
convert Japan into a second Britain,
respect to education, wealth, and col.
metce. Any Graduate in Medicine, or Lioeu-
' may praetiau wlio likes.

MALAY PENIKStlLA

This Peiunaula comprisca part of tbe
Empire of Slam (vide Slam), tbe country
of Malaya, and four British Colonies.
Medical Practice amongst the nativea of
Mahiyu is of a very primitive kind, their
Medical men being tanght by the Siameae
Practiti oners, who bold tbe doctrinea of
the Burmese Faculty. The nativea, how-
ever, prefer being attended by these than
by the European Physicians at tbe British
Settle monte.

The British, or Straits Settlements, aa
they are called, are ; — Penang Island, WeI-
lesley Proviuce, Malacca District and Town,
aud Singapore Ishind, each having a great
number of European residenta, who conduct
an immense trade with India, China, Japan,
Siam, and the Bast Indian Islands. Any
British or British Culouial Medical man
may practise in any of these places, but
those intending to commence practice
tbere should in the firat place aecnre an
appointment in one of the large nietobonts'
houses. Tbe varioua large veaacls from
Europe and India to the Straits Settle-
ment, China, and Japan, bring a great
□nmber of patients for tbe reaidcnt
Medical men, who rocelvo largo Fees for
their services.

P0ET1TOUESE COLOITIES

These aettlements, viz. Goa, Damaun,
and Uin, in India, and Macao, in China,
have a popalatiDu of 800,000 inhabitantfl,
of which a amall portion are Europeans.
Free trade in medicine is allowed at all of
the places which are nut songht after by
British Practitioners. There are Portu-
gneae phyaiclana at all of them, and a few
British retidenta.

PERSIA

Any European Physician may practise
here, providad he hand in his name and
Degree to hla Consul, who will cDniplcte
the neceaaary preliminarioa at the Health
'^tllco, and obtain permisaion. There are
number of Europeans in the pay of their

I

I

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PEACnCE

I

T^pective GoveTnmeats, attaclied to Le-
gst'ionK, telegraph compainies, &c. ; but, as
the Persiaas are not a paying people, it
woulil uot be wise fur a Boropean Pliy-
slciim tfl commence practice lo tjie couatry
without BQch RD appoiutiuent. There is
one pnhlic DiapeoBary In Tehergn, but aa a
rnle the Persiuns are in it shouklugly oe-
gtcL't^iid state with regard to Medical aid.
The cheapest way of getting to Teheran
from London is ciS Colagne, Berlin, War-
saw, Astrakau, aeroBS tiie Caspian hj
steamer tn the Persian port of Enzeli, ftnd
thence to Besht, where iiinlea and horses
can be hired for Teheran. Bj this route
the eipeose is from £3S to £40 second
class, except on the Caspian steamers.
The native Phjalcians are poorly odccaled
mod eiceedingly superstitioua ; but it is
expected that there nill be an improve-
ment in the system of Medical education
befure long.

SUH

This rich and prosperous country offers
many advanta^ea to European eettlers, and
baa a largo Enropean population. In
Baukok there are a great number of British
residents, wbo trade with the Straits
Settlements, India, China, Hud Japan, and
there are also a few European Medical
men. The native population prefer their
ors, in the majority of cases,
to the Itritisb Physicians, but sometimes
they employ them when the native Doctors
have failed to effect a cure, and in audi
cases pay large Fees. Tbe native Doctors
axe educated nocording t« (he Burmese

system of Medicine, hut have an iotin:
acquaintance with min; of the Cbinese {
dqctrines. There does not exist quiti
much oppoaitlou to European doctrines in
thla country as is tO be fonud in Burmft
and Anam.

TUSEET IN ASIA

This part of the Ottoman Empire con- I
sista of Asia Minor, Syria, uud a part at 1
Arabia, the greater portion of which i* I
under the protectorate of Great BritAin. |
The great mass of the people in
country districts entrust the care of their I
bealtb to wise women and diviners, wLo J
swarm tbe country, but have no legal I
position. In the towns there are plenty J
of qualiSed practitioners. In order to 1
practise in Turkey in Asia a Diploma muat 1
be obtained from the Medical College at I
BeyiDUt or from tbe Imperial College of J
Uedicioe at Stambnul. Foreigners who 1
wish to practise here mast exhibit th^ I
Diplomas to the Sanitary Board of the toira J
tbey select, and pay a small fee for r^U- 1

BEYBOUT

There is a College of Medicine I:
which grants a license U> practise iu anj 1
part of the Ottoman Ecnpire, to all who 1
may satisfy the Examiners of their abilitf J
to practiae as Physicians, provided tlMjr ■
produce certificates of Medical stadies •'
thla College, that of Stamhoul, or bQj
otber respectable College of Medicine.

APEICA

I
I

ALGESIA (ALSXBIE)

Tbis large conntr; belongs to the FreDch,
and forma a praviuce of the Eopablio.
There ure h great uumWr of Frencb,
British, Knd Spaoieb people io Al^^ere
(Alg^), the capital town, iind life is ver;
similiu* to tbat at Paris. In order to be
able to pructiau as a Medical mun, tbe
Diploma of " Offieier de Santf " must bs
obtained from the Faculty of Medicinf
Algiers, wliiuh la in afflliutioa nitli tbe
University of France, or else the French
Degrea of M.D. must be obtained from
Paris, Montpellier, Lyons, or Nancy.
There are a great number of native Phy-
aicians (TebibiiJ, who have full liberty to
practise among the native populatiou
anywhere in the province. These Medical
men are extremely superstitions and totally
ignorant of Anatomy, but at the same
time have a great store of information.
The town of Algiers is a favorite winter
bealtb station for British people who
vnfTer from pulmonary affections and re-
quire a mild winter climate. Frost is
nrely seen. There is a British Physician
tt Algiers during the winter mouths,

ALGIERS (ALGER)
The Faculty of Medicine grants the
Diploma of ■' Offlcier de Saute," which
gives the right tu practise only in tbe
province of Algeria, and the regulatioua
for which arc the same as at the Fceuoh
Fttcnlties, A qualified foreign Phjsi

in Paris, who will, if satisfied with the
ftpplicsnl^s testimonials, kc, give an order
for him to appear before the Faculty at
Algiers and pass an oral FianiinBtion in
Anatomy, Physiology, Medicine, Surgery,
Hidwifery, and a Clinical Examination at
the Hospital, tbe cost of which is 850
francs (£34). The Eiamiuation lasts two
daya and is conducted io the French

CAPE COLOITY

on the 'dpe Medical Register.' Tfaoie ]
who are Hcensed to practise in the United
Kingdom, before obtaining the Cap«
Licence, must submit their Diplomas or
Certificates of Regbtration to the Cape
Medical Bourd, who will at once place
their Dames upon the Register. Those
who are not already possessed of British
Diplomas must satisfy the Board that
they are competent to act as Medical
Practitioners, by passing an Eiamination
before them. This Examination is both
thorough and practical, and is conducted
always in English. There is no good
opening for Medical men here jnat now,
the place being overstocked with Doctors,
aod business being aomawliat stagnant.
The cliiuatv is excellent, and -people live
longer than anywhere else in the whole
world. The following ia the University :

CAPE TOWN

The University of the Cape of Qood
Hope is a new institution, which bids
fair to rival the older Universities of the
mother country. The regulations are very
good, and the number of stndcnta annuBUy
extremely largo. At present there are
no Medical Eiaminations held, but tbe
Council are about to iuatitute a series of
Examinations for their Medical Degree,
which at present can only be obtained
" ad eundtm gradum," by those who
already possess a Medical Degree from
some recognised University,

EOTPT (HIBB OB MASB)

In order to practise as a Medical Prac-
titlooer in Egjpt, the licence mnat be
obtained from the Medical Focolty of the
University of Cairo. If the applicant be
a Doctor of Medicine or Licensed Prao-
titioner of any State in Europe or North
America, be must, by means of his Con-
sulate, submit his Diploma to the Board
of Health of tbe town at which he inteuds
to practise, where a list is kept of all
native and foreign Practitioners. This
Board is anthorised in such cases to grant
the licenoe to practise as though it bad
been obtained at Cairo. Tbe Graduates of

J

lie

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

the Stambonl aaS Beyrout FacnttitB are
allowod to pniulisD aiij where in the
coiintrj. There ace also a great number
of Dative quacks Hud wiee men and wamen
who pFHCtise with impnnity. There is
but one UaiTersitjr at Ouiro, but there are
two Medical Salioola, one in conDection
with the CniverBity, and one at Khartonm,
in the Sondan (Nnbia). This Medical
Sehoni at Khartoum was estabtiahed by
Dr. Lowe for the purpose af educating
HBtivea sufficiently to take charge of
certun districts under the superintendence
of a central eonanltant, holding a Diploma
from Cairo or elsewhere. A great nnmher
of Datives receire a good training at this
School every year, who, after passing nn
Eiamination of an elementary character,
receive a certificate of proficiency, but
are not allowed to practise on their own
account.

CAIRO
The Faculty of Medicine at the Uni-
veraity (Kaar-El-Ayiieo) grants a Degree,
which Ltcenses all who hold it to practise
in any part of Egypt. The studies re-
quired are l\ill and complete, and stn-
dents are obliged to go through the
regular Conreo and pass an EiaminalioD
before the Faculty before the Degree can
he obt^ned.

CK>LI) COAST

This British Colony is very nnhealthy,
and oflers few attractions to Medical Prac-
titioners. The population is not large,
and what European practice there is is
absorbed by the army, navy, and civil
service doctors, who are paid by Oovem-
ment. The interesting black population
prefer their fetisb-mcn and their charms
to the services of white men, and as a
rule are very conservative, preferring dirt,
dirknrss, and ignorance, to education and
progress.

LIBERIA

This Repnblic has a popalation of about
800,000, of whom about 16,000
migrants from America. The language
spoken is generally English. The climate,
though still fatal to Earopeans, has lately
been greatly improved by clearing, drain-
age, &c. There is free trade in Medicine,
and at present no Medical School exists,
thongh there are a great numlier of edu-
oatdonal establish m en ca.

HASOCCO

This Empire contains a larf-e popnI»-
ion composed of Arabs, Moors, Jews, and
Europeans, and has a tolerably salubriom

ite- There are a great nnmber of |
British and other European merchants at 1
ier. There are no restrictions agniinit J
Medical Practice, the Moorish Qov

allowing any European quiliSedJ

Medical man to practise, providing that i

name he seat in to the anthoritjaag

1 a licence obtained. The native Ddo- 1

sere both nnmerons and well traiaed'l

their art, but are terribly superstitious ,1

being educated at the University of Fel,. '

which is an establishment presided over I

by Mahometao Doctors.

FEZ

is fbunded in 793, and subae- l

qnently iwcame so famons as a seat of ]

Arabian learning, that its Schools of Phi- ]
losophy and Physical Science were

sorted to not only by people from nil fht J

Mahometan States of Africa hat even tnr 1

those from Christian countries. It is stiu I

celebrated as a University of renovro/ I

having Schoola for Grammar and Logic, f

Metaphysics, Alchemy nnd Medicine, and '

Astrology. The University is called "Dar- ,
el-Ilm " (the abode of knowledge).

NATAL

Any British Medical Practitioner mays
practise his profeseioa at this colony pro- I
vided that he conform to a few merely I
formal conditions. The colony oBers fewl
inducements nt present to Medical men, an*'
money is not very plentiful. There ia ■
Medical ScliooL

ORANGE RIVER REPUBLIC

There is no Medical School in th!«i|
country, which is in a very nn^ettled HtatOi
and presentg nn attractions to Media
men. Those who are practising
Republic are chiefly Dutch.

SIERRA LEOITE

This British colony ia very nnhenlthjA
and offers few temptations to Medioal tc
The chief town. Free Town, ia not so
healthy as the remainder of the colonya
and has a population of aliout 20,000, (/
whom n great number are British,
town is well built, and has wide a

m.

NORTH AMERICA

Mveral gooA BqaBiel, and plentj of good
baildingi. Tb«re ia do Medical Scliool, but
at tbe east end of the town tbere ig a Col-
lege owned by tlie CLurch Miaaionarir
Societj, wbicb baa Graduates in Arts,
Science, and Tbeologj', and is in afTiiiatioa
with Durham Unlveraitj.

Students who pass the Examination in
Arta at thia College maj be registered in
Great BritHin as students of Medicine.
Witli regard to Medical Practice liorfi.

prave

Scks 01

qualified men actiog as Ph^aici
SnrgeoUB. A Medical Graduate from the
mother country has only to take a bouse
or rooma, and pat out bia sign, in onlerto
be flooded with patienta, when be muat
" make hay wbile tbe sun ahinea," as he
will bare to experience ebb tides as soon
as the excitement passes off. Any one in-
tending to practise here should get an
introduction to tbe Governor, who possibly
way be of some service to biiu at a futuTO
timCi espeeiaUj if be cafe to go in for
Govemmetit monopoly. Tbe Diploma of
'"GoTemment patronage" is bete of much
value to a Medical n

ZASZIBAE

Tbe island and city of Zaniihar
governed by Sultan Seyyid Bargbash, who
visited England Id 1S75. Tbe city bas a
popidation of 50,000, including a great
number of Europeans, a good harbonr,
a large French Hospital, and an enormoos
trade, being tbe chief market in tbe East
for the anpplj of ivory and gams. In ceC'
tain seasons of the year the population of
the city doubles itself, owiog to tbe arrival
of foreign tiadera. Any properly-qualified
Medical man may practise here, providing
tbst leave be obtained from the authoii-
tica, who are advised in the matter by the
resident Medical men. Largo fortunes
have been made at this city by Medical
meo, but great caution must be exercised
iu choosing a suitable time lor taking ap
residence, aa sometimes tho place is too
crowded with Medical men, and deprived
of the greater portion of ita annual re-
sidents, whilst at others tho reverse is tbs

Medical r

n do not, 1

I

here for many years, althongh tbe climate
is not at all unhealthy. There are at pre-
sent three British, besides other foreign
Medical men iu the city of Zanzibar.

NOETH AMEBIC A

CAHASA

The Dominion of Canada, which forms
one of the largest of the British Colonita,
is divided into tbe provinces of British
Columbia (including Vancouver Island},
Manitoba, Hew Brunswick, Nova Scotia,
Ontario, Prince Edward's Island, and
Quebec, each having its own internal ad-
ministration, but all being sabject to tbe
Imperial Parliament in London.

The laws affecting tbe Medical Pro-
fensioD vary in diS'crent provinces and in
some are still very primitive. Medical
education in Canada is on a par with that
in Europe, the Universities and Medical
Colleges being well governed, and having,
■a a mlc, great facilities for study.

The following are the varioas provinces
of the Dominion in alphabetical order :

BBITISE COLVHBIA

This province contains a population of
about 60,000. chiefly adventaters, Chinese,
Indians, aud Yankeea. There are abont
16,000 permanently settled white reaideots.
There is no law for the prevention of

?iiackery, neither is there any Mudical
oll^e.

HANITOBA

This province has only about 40,000 in- i
habitants, and passcBses no Medical lam "a
or Colleges. I

HEW BBUirSWICE

This province bas a population of abont
300,000, of whom about aO/KK) reuda at

I

KaiB

MEDICAL EDUCinON AND PEACTICE

I
I

St. John's. Ko peraon ma; practise Mcdi-
onB OT Surgery witbia tlie province, or
demand nn; Fee or reward tor the cure of
diiensc. or tbe perforinanceof any Surgical
Operation, an less be hag obtained a Diploma
from some College or other poblic institn-
tion of Great Britain, Ireland, or the United
Btatee of America, aatborised bo grant the
aSime, or unless he boa been cnrefullj ex-
amined by competent judges appointed by
tbe Ooveruor in Council, and, upnn tbeir
report, baa received h licence from tbe
Qovprnor for that purpose. Eyery person
qnalified after thia manner is entitled to
demand, sne for, and recover reasoQable
and costiOtnary Fees for his services, and
niyment for Medicines furnished by htm.
This laiv contains no penal clause, in con-
Mgaence of nrbicb the province is overrnn
by quacks, who practise on the ready-
money system. There is DO Uedical College
in tbe province.

HOVA SCOTIA

This province has b population of abont
400,000, of which about 30,000 reside at
Halitni, tbe capital. No person may
practiio Medicine or Surgery, or recover
■nj Fee for services renderedaa a Medical
Practitioner, unless bis Diploma is regis-
tered. Persons practising witboaC being
registered are liable to a heavy Bne. This
law is carried out by a Uuard of Medical
Education, consisting of nine Medical men,
one of whom acts as Registrar. Five of
these are appointed by tbe Local Qovcrn-
nent, and bold office during good beha-
TiouT. The other four are appointed by
tiie Medical Society of Nova Scotia, and
bold office for four years.

No person is entitled to be registered
unless be possess a Diploma Irom a Col-
ege or University recognised by the Board,
ftnd has also pnsiied through u fonr-years'
Course at some recognised Medical College,
or three years at College and three years
In tbe Burger; of a recognised Medical
man. Tbe British, Canadian, and the best
of the United States' Colleges are rcco^-

, Lihtary, &c., and i

of tbe Provincial Medical Board, and the

following extracts from the " Nova Scotia
Medical Act " are published for tbe infor-
mation of students :

" 7. Hereafter no person shall begin or
enter upon the study of Physic Surgery,
or Midwifery, for the purpose of qualifying
himself to practise the same in this Pro-
vince, unless he shall have obtained from
tbe Provincial Medical Board a eertlfic&te
showing that he has satisfactorily passed a
Matriculation or Preliminary Eiamination
in tbe subjects specified in Schedule B. of
this Act.

"8. No candidate shall be admitted to
BQch Matriculation or Preliminary Etami-
uation, unless he shall have at least four-
teen days previous to sucli EiaminatJan
given notice to tbe Registrar of the Pro-
vinciul Medirjil Board of his intention to
present himself for sncb Examination, aRd
transmitted to the Registrar a certificate
showing that be has completed his ux-
teenth yesr; and shall before the Exami-
nation hflve paid a Fee of Five Dollars to
tbe Kegistrsr."

In future the Matricalation Eiaminera
will insist that students shall i»rry out the
regulations contained in the above para,
graphs 7 and S,

I

HALIFAX
The University of Halifai Faculty of
Medicine has in affiliation with it an ex-
cellent Medical School, called the Halifax
Medical CoUetfc, which was fnrraerly the
Medical Department of Dnlbousle College.
The School is fitted with LaboratAriea

this

Compulaorg

English Language — Including Qrammor,
Composition, and Writing from Dictation.

Arithmetic — Inolading Vulgar and De-
cima! Fractions, and the Eitractlou of the
Square Root.

Algebra — To the end of Simple Equn-

Oeometry — First Two Books of Euolid.

Lntiu — One Book, Translation and
Grammar.

Optional

One of the following subjects, viz.
History of England, with questions in
Modem Geography; French Translation j
German Translation; One Greek Book}
Natural Fhilosupby, including Elementary
Mechanics, Hydrostatics and Pneumatics j
History of Nova Scotia; History of the
Dominion of Canada.

NORTH AMERICA

1W1

I

Fee for Exsniiiiatioii Five Dollare. Tbif
Pea is not returned in cnse of failure.
Tbe Freliminar; or Malriculation Exami-
□BtioD is not required to he paeeed by
Oriidual>eB in Arts of recogoiiied "

KSeCXATIONB TOB CBQBZE IH UBVICHIS
ASH BDBBKHT

First.— No one sbnll be admitted to tho
l>egTee of Doctor of Uedicine nnd Hi
of Surger; who Bball uot have attended
LactureB for a period of ut least four years,
eubseqaeutly tj> tlie date of passing his
Matriculution ExamiiiBtioa, nb aome recog-
niged Medical College. A certificate show-
ingtbat the candidate has studied Medicine
in the Surgery of a recog^niaed Practitioner
for one year will be received in lieu of one
of the four years of study.

Second. — Candidiites for tbe Final Ex-
amination shall furnish teBtimoniais of
Bttendance on tlie following branches, viz.
two six-months' Courses each of Anutomy,
Cheiuiatry, Materia Medica, Physiology,
Surgery, Midwifery. Medicine, Practical
Anutomy, Clinical Medicine, and Clinical
Surgery; and one tbree-months' Course
aichof Practical Pharmacy, Medioal Juris-
prudence, Botany, and Practical Chenilstry.
Provided, however, that testimonials equiv-
alent to, though not precisely the same as
those ahove st&ted, may ha presented.

Third. — The candidate must also give
proof by certiQcate of having attended
during twelve months the practice of some
recognised Hospital, and also that he has
had three mantlis' practice in dispenaing

Fourth. — He must give proof by ticket
of having attended lor at least six mouths
the practice of a Lying-in Hospital, ap-
proved of by the College, or of having
Attended at least Six Cusea of Accouche-
ment i aUo a certificate from a registered
Medical Practitioner of " Proficiency in
the Practice of Vaccination."

Fifth.— No one shall be permitted to
become a candidate tor Examination, or
■hall receive a Degree, who shall not have
attended at leaat one Session of this Col-
lege, and have obtamed from it the tickets
for one full Course of all the branchei in-
cluded in its Curriculum.

Sixth.— A Medical Session cnnsiats of
registration and attendance upon Courses
of Lectures on at least two of the regular
subjects of study.

Seventh. — A Courao upon Prnctical
Anatomy ia anderstood to mean that the
student ahall have dissected the body once,
•.a. three parts.

Eighth. — Connies o( less length than
the Bbove will only be received for tlis
time over which they have extended-
Ninth. — Every candidate for the Degree
must, on or before the 15th day of March,
present to the Registrar of the Medical
Faculty testimonials of bis qualifications
entitling him to Examination, also a Thesil
or Inaugural DiBsertation upon some sub-
ject connected with Medical or Surgical
Science, and at tbe same time deliver to
tbe Registrar of the Faculty the following
certificate : ,

Hautaz...

. the undersigned, being desirous of
obtdniug the Degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine and Master of Surgery, do hereby
declare that I have attained the age of
ty-one years (or, if the case be other-
that 1 shall have attained the age of
twenty-one years before the next Oradoa.
tion day. (Signed) A. B.

Tenth. — The trials to be andergane by
the candidate sbnll be :

(1.) A general written and Oral Eiami-

ition on all the branches of Medical and
Surgical Science.

<2.) A Clinical Eiaminatiou ia Medicine

id Surgery conducted at tbe bed-side,
coses being anbrnitted for diagnods and
treatment in the vards of the Hospital.
itimnting the standing of candidate*
and the number of marks to be awarded.
Professors shall take into account the regu-
larity of their attendance, and the dili-
gence and core they have evinced iu re-
porting cases.

Eleventh. — The Eiaminitions will be di-
vided into Primary and Final, the former
comprehending the branches of Anatomy,
Chemistry, Materia Medica, Physiology, wod
Botany or Zoology j tho latter, those of
Practice of Medicine, Surgery, Obatetiios,
and Medical Jorisprudence. It will be
allowable for the student to present him-
self for the Primary Examination at the
lod of his third Session (or third year of
itudy).

Twelfth.- Tbe Fee for the Degrea of
Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery
shall be Twenty Dollara, to he paid by the
candidate before Examination, together
Ith a registration Fee of One Dollar.

Tho Fee for each clnas sbol] lie Twelve

Dollars, with the following exceptions :—

each of those of Medical Jurisprn-

e. Practical Chemistry and Botany,

Dollars; Practical Anatomy, Eight

DoUan; Practical Pbftrmacy, Four Dol-

I

I

130

MEDICAL SDUCATION AND PRACTICE

e pat/able i

advance

Urs. These Pew
to the Itugiatrur.

All gtudenU deitrous of stUndiDg the
LwtnrM shnll, at the commeiicemeQt of
each Senirm, enrol their name* and reai-
dencea in the Regiatar of the College, and

eocure from the Registrar a ticket of
atriculKtioD, for which meh student nill
pny n Fee of Two DoltarR, or n Perpetual
Matriculation Ticket will bo panted on
the pajment of Five DqIIoib.

Die said Regiiter shall be cloeed on the
30th day of November in each year.

Any student, after having paid the Fees,
and attended two Coareca of aay cUrb,
ehall be entitled to a Perpetual Ticket for
that class, eiecpt iti Practical Anatomy.

OHTAEIO

This province haa a population of nearly
two millions, of which about 80,000 reside
at Toronto, the capital. The Medical pro-
fossion hero is incorporated, forming wtint
ii called the College of Physicians and
SurgconB of Ontario, which body regaIat«B
all matters relutiug to Medical Education
and Practice. The Conncil of this College
is composed of twenty-five Me mbere, twelve
of whom are elected by the Profession at
large, eigbt are representative! of the
various Universities and teaching bodies,
and five are HonnEOpaths, who are elected
by the Homtopatbic Profession through-
out tbe province. There ie no teaching
iiiBtttotiou in connection with the College.
An Examining Board is appointed by the
Council, and all persons, no matter wliat
qnolifications they poasess, are compelled
by law to bo examined by this Board for
their licence to practise. It is at preseti'
being tested in the Courta whether holdei
of British qnalificatioQS cannot compel tbo
Coancil to register them without Eiami-
nation. Dr. Baldwin, a Graduate of Edin-
bni^h. did enforce registration, but the
Conncil is now contesting the mutter with
several Licentiates of the Edinburgh
London Colleges. According to the British
law, all persons who are registered on the
British Medical Register are entitled to
praoUse iu any part of Her Majesty'
dominions, whether the British Isles, o
the Colonies. It remains for tbe Canadia
Logislatiire to prove their right to suhver
the laws of the Home Parliament. Th
disaffection appears to have arisen in th
first instance from the fact that the Britia
Medical Registrar refused to register Cans
dioQ Degrees and Diplomas, an act which
deeply deplore.

1. AfterlstJannary, 1S79, thoMatricn-
lation Examinations will be held in Toronto
and Kingston ultcrautely. The Examina-
tion at Toronto will he held ou the first
Tnesday and Wednesday after Good Fri-
day. The Eiamination at Kingston, on
the third Tnesday and Wednesday in
Angnst in each year, ami hath the Matricu-
lation Examiners ahnll take part in every
MstricnlHtioD Examination. In this Ex-
sminatiou, writing and dictation will be
included; correct spelling, and legible
writing will be considered imperative.

2. The mlcs laid down for conducting
the Professional Examinations shall be
observed in all respects at the Matricula-
'^'^n Examinations.

3. Every student of Medicine must,
before his Profeasional studies begin, paaa

satisfactory Eiamination upon the fol-
lowing subjects before the Kiaminers of
tbe Council.

English LsBgnage, including Graramop
and Composition, Arithmetic, Algebra,
ioclodiug Simple Equations, Geometry,
first two books of Eaclid, Latin, trausU-
tion and Grammar; and upon one of the
following snbjects (of which students are
recommended to select either Natural
PbilOBOphy, or one of the Modem Lan-
gauges), the candidate having the option
of naming the fiuhJEct upon which he'
will be examined, viz. Greek, French,
GermatL, Natural Pliilosophy. including
MechaaicB, Hydrostatics, and Pueumatics.

4. Graduates in Arts, or students having
Matriculated in Arts in any University in
Her Majesty's Dominions, are not rt-qnired
to pass the Matriculation Examination,
bnt may register their names with the
Registrar of tbe College, npon giving
sutisfactorj evidence of their qualiScatians
and upon paying the Uatricn^tion Fee of
Ten Dollars. Graduates in Arts who have
attended a Course or Courses of Lectnrei
ou Botony and Tfaeoreticul Chemistry, and
who have already passed an Examination
on these subjects, will not be required to
undergo a, second Examination on the
same, provided they produce tickets for
one Course of Lectures on Botany, and

here and

be cDnitRiid ai sppliuble le eiChu sb

NORTH AMKRICA.

I

Cbemistry.

6. Every Medical etmlent after Matricu-
lating >huU be registered to the nmnner
jirescribed by the Council, and tbis will be
beld ta be tbe prclimiDary to his Medical
gtadies, which will onlj be oonaidered to
begin from the date of such regiBtration.

6. The valuation of the answers of the
several candidates at the MBtricnlation
Examinnticna shall be transmitted b; the
EiHuiiners to the RegiBtrar, together with
tbe qneatioDB and tho written answers of
the candidates, as saon ae bbc; have been
duly vatned; the result being detailed in
a Schedule to be furnished by the Registrar
to the Examiners.

7. Any candidate who shall, after June,
1878, fail in any branch of hia Matricola-
tion Examtnutiun, abail be held to have
failed allogether, and be rejected ; hob
thofe who before that date have passed
upon some of the subjects, shall bo allowed
credit for such sabjeuts at a subsequent
Examination.

1. Everj student after his Matricatatiou
has been registered must spend a period
of four years in actual Professional studies,
«[<^ept as hereinafter provided, dating from
the Ist of April, 1878, the prescribed
period of studies shall be held to mean
forty -eight calendar months, to be com-
puted from the date of Matriculation.

a, Glradnates in Arts of any College or
University recognised by tbe Council will
only bo required to pass three years, after
Graduating, in attendance upon Medical
Lectures belbre being admitted to their
final Examination ; no tickets for Lectures
will henceforward be accepted by the
Council unless twocertiflcates are endorsed
thereon ; tbe fint specifying the number
of Lectures actually delivered in
Course; and the second, testifying that
the papil had attended at least seventy-live

■ per cent, of tho same ; application) ' ~
every Professional Eiaminstion mm
made to tho Registrar of the College of
Fhjsicians and Surgeons of Ontario
least two weehs before such Eiaminatii
and no application will be received unless
accompanied by tho neccsasry ticlcets ^

kcertiBcates, and by tbe treasurer's run
■bowing that the Fees have been paid.
8. Every student commencing after
June, 1880 (not a Graduate in Arte),
attend Medical Lectures for at least
SeMioDi of ail months oach.

6. Every student must attend the under-
mentioned Courses of Lectures in a Uni-
versity, College, or School of Medicine
approved of by the Council, viz. — Fun)
Courses of nr montit each upon Anatomy,
Praetieal Anatomy, Physiology (including;
Histology), Theoretical Chemistry, Materia
Medica and Therapentica, Principles and
Practice of Medicine, Principles and Prac-
tice of Snrgery, Midwifery and Diseases
of Women and Children, Clinical Medi-
" Clinical Sorgery. One Course of
I or Fko Courses of three maniht
each upon Medical Jarispmdence. One
Course of three moniht upon Practical
Chemistry, and Botany. One Course of not
les? than tmenly-fiw Demonttraliona npon
Hiatoli^y, Physiology, and Pathology,
Ont Course of taenlg-fim Leetttret on
Sanitary Science. Every candidate will
bo required to prove that he bos twice
carefolly dissected tbe whole adult hnmoa

6. Every student before being admitted
to the final Examination hereinafter men-

ist have epent a period of six
months in the office of a regularly qnoli-
lied Medical Practitioner,* in compound-
ing Medicines.

7. He must have attended the practice
' a General Hospital after June, 1880,

for twenty -four months.

8. He most have attended six Cases of
Midwifery.

must, before being registered aa
r of the College of Physicians
and Surgeons of Ontario, have passed all
ibe Examinations bi^reinafter prescribed )
ind he must have attained tbe fnll age of
twenty-one years.

10. (a) All persons from recognised
Colleges outside the IVovinces of Ontario
and Quebec, who desire to qualify them-
selves for Registration in tbis Province,
must pass the Matricalntion Examination
cBtablisbed by the Coancil, and attend
thereafter one fnll "Winter Course" of
Lectures during two Winter Sessions in
some one of the Ontario Medical Schools,
and such other Coarse or Conrses oa may
be necessary to complete the Curriculum
required by tbe Conncil, and shall pass,
before the Board of Examiners appointed
by the Conncil, all the Emm I nations here-
inafter prescribed, (i) Nothing shnll
exempt residents of Ontario who, after

* The words " »(iil»rlr qnaliaed " m ipplieabis
oul) In FnctitiOBcra npscetnl nccoriist U law.

1
I

I

I

122

aiEDICAL EDDCIATI

Jaly, 1S7S, sleet to pnrsne their atodies
outeidB of tha Provinno of Ontario, from
pBSfiog four years in the pureuit or their
Frofeseionul studies; ench four years to
cotnineace at the dnte of their passing the
UHtricn lotion Examination before the Ex-
aminers appointed for tbat parpoae bj the
Coimoil.

1. Hereafter the ProfenBional Ei-
sminations ehall he divided into two
parts, nnmelj, a " Primarv " and a
" Final."

2. The Primarj Eiamlnatiaas sball be
nndorgone at the end of the second Winter
Session, and the Final after (he fourth

Win!

r Sessic

3. The following hrsnohcs shall be em-
braced in the Primary Einmiaation -.—(a)
Deseriptiva Anatomy. (i) Physiology
and Histology, (c) Chemistry, Theoreti-
cal and Practical, (d) Toxicology and
Sanitary Science, (e) Botany.

4. The following branches shall bo em-
braced in the Final Exnniinalaon -.—(a)
Medical and Surgical Anatomy. (A) Theory
and Practice of Medicine and Medical
Pathology, (e) Snidery, otbar thsc Oper-
ative, (d) Sorgcry, Operative, (e) Mid-
wifery (other than Operative), and Diseases
of Women and Children. {/) Midwifery,
Operative. (g) Medical Jnrisprudenoo.
(A) Materia Medics and Therapeutica.

5. The Primary Eiaminations shall be
entirely "Oral." The Final Examination
shall be entirely " Written."

6. Any candidate who fails in any
branch i^ his Primary Examination shall
be held to have failed ic nil, and any
candidate who at his Final Eiaminntion
passes creditably in four or more branches,
but fails in the others, shall receive credit
for the sabjects so passed and be com-
pelled to pass in the other branches only
at a Buhsequent Examination.

7. Candidates who intend to he Ex-
amined by the Homceopathic Examiners
in the special sabjects, shall signify their
intention to the Begistrar previous to the
commencement of the Examination, In

. order that he may provide means of prs-
inting their ideuti&cation by the other
idents, or by the Examiners.
R. In the event of any candidate signi-
ng his intention to the Rrgistrar to he
imined and Registered as a Homieo-
>Lic Practitioner, due notice of snch
ut be sabmltted to the Registrar, go

that the Examination may be condnctad
by the panics appointed for that porpose
bat prior to the acceptance of such notiw
from the candidate the osaal Fees must
be paid. In the event of any candidatai
presenting themselves for such Examina-
tions, due notice must bo given by th*
Registrar to the special Examiner-

1, The following scale of Feet have been
established by the Coancil of the College
of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario:

a, Matricalatlon- Examination . 10 00 g
i. Be)(i9trBtion of Matriculation :

1. Stndents Examined before the
Council Examiners . . NoCharg

2. StudenU Examined by the
various CotlegoB prior to July,
1870 I

S. Orailuates and Matriculants in
Arts of recognised Colleges . 10 0Q:|

c. •• Primary Examination " . 2

d. Final Examination, inclading
Registration . . . . 3i
(Tbeae Fees are to be Pxid to the

Treasurer of the College before
each ExaminatioD.)

e. Ordinary Registration Fee . . 10 OOf
/. Bogiitration of additioaal De-
grees or Titles . . . . S 00,]
(This Fee is only payable when

the additional Titles are Regis-
tered at different times, but any
number of such Titles as are
allowed to be Registered may
be pnt on record at the Erst
Registration for the single Fee
of 10 dollars.)
g. Diploma of Membership of the

College . e 00 I

(Ibis Diploma is granted free
of charge to all those Membera
of the College who attain their
Membership by passing the Ex-
aminations of the College. All
other Members may obtain it
on application to the Registrar,
bv paying the above-named
¥ee of 5 dollars.)
h. Annual Contribution from
Membera of the College for the
current Year, payable Ut the

Begistrar 1 00 |

(This Pee is payable by every
Member of the College on the
First day of January in each
year.)

I

NOETH AMERICA

2. AH Fees mart be paid iti lawful
money of Cnnsda, to the Treasarer of the
College.

8. No candidBtc will be ndmitted to nnv
intU the Fee for such Ei".

fall.

4. No part of the Fees paid either for
Matricalation or Prnfessional Examina-
tion b will be returned to oiiaiicceBBful
candidates.

COBODRG

The Medical Pacnlty of the UniverBJtj
of Yictoria College is merely an Eiamin-
ing body» having □□ teaching apparatos-
Tbe following are the regulation a :

Students intending to Oradnate in
Victoria University are recommended to
attend Lectures in tbe Toronto School
of Medicine, from which School certifi-
Mtes of attendance will be acoepted by
I the Medical Eiaminers of this Uaiversity.
Certificates of attendance will also be ac-
cepted from any other Medical School in
Ontario, of recognised standing.

The Lectoresfor the Province of Quehee
are delivered at the £cole de MSdecine
et de Cbimrgie, Montreal, where every
advantage for Clinical study Is afforded.

Tbe Conrses of Icstruotion are adapted
to the legal requirements of Che Pro-
vinces of Ontario and Quebec respect-

Begree of M.B. — Candidates for this
Degree are required to spend four years
in Professional study before being admitted
to final Examination.

Oradnatea in Arts will he admitted
after three years of Professional study
BDbsequent to Graduation.

AU candidates must fnmish evidence of
attendance upon Medical Lectures for
three Sessions of six months each at the
Toronto School of Medicine, the ficolo de
M61ocine et de Chimrgie, Montreal, or
■ome Scbool of standing recognised by
the Board. The Lectures required are as

Descriptive Anatomy, two Coursesj Prac-
tical Anatomy, two Courses j Physiology,
two Courses I Theoretical Chemistry, two
Courses; Materia Medica and Therapeu-
tics, two Courses; Principles and Practice
of Surgery, two Courses ; Principles and
Practice of Medicine, two Courses; Mid-
wifery and Diseases of Women and Chil-
dren, two Courses i CliDicsl Medicine, two
Courses; CltnicaJ Surgery, two Courses;
Medical Jurispradencc, one Coarse; Prac-
tical Chemistry, one Course ; Botany, one

They must spend six months in the
office of a rognlarly qaalified Medioal
Practitioner.

They most attend the Practice of •
General Hospital for eighteen months.

Tbey most have attended Six Cases of
Midwifery.

They must have passed the Matricula-
tion and Primary Examinations prescribed
by the Dnivcraity.

They mast he Twenty-one years of Age.

The; must Pass a satisfactory Final
Examination, written and oral, on all
the subjects of the Currienlum, before the
Eiamioers appointed by the Univeraity.

Fees. — MatricolaUon, 5 dollars; Degree
of M.D., inclading Primary and Final
Eiaminationa, 20 dollars.

Malrienlalion. — English Orummar and
Cotnposilion; Arithmetic; Algebra, throagh
Simple Eqautiona ; Geometry, Eaclid,
Books I and II ; Latin, Orajumar and
Translation of any Latin author ; an
option of Greek, French, German, Natural
Philosophy.

JVimojy Examinaiioa. — Descriptive
Anattimy ; Physiology ; Theoretical Chem-
istry ; Materia Medica ; Botany.

Final Eaainina Hon, — Snrgical Anatomy ;
Practical Chemistry; Principles and Prac-
tice of Medicine; Principles and Practice
of Surgery; Midwifery and Diseases of
Women and Children; Medical Jorispm-

KIHOSTON

Grants Degrees, the requirements for which

II. — The RoTiL ColiiBOB of E^tbioumb

iVD StTBOEOMB

OronU a Diploma (L.G.C.P.S.) after an
Examination somewbat similar bo that of
the Ontario College of Physicians and Sur-
geons, bat which does not grantthe licence
to practise. It also granti a Fellowship
(F.E.C.P,S.).

OTTAWA.
The Medical Pacnlty of tbe Cniversitj-
of Ottawa grants Degrees after Eiamins-
tions, the requirements for which are simi-
lar to those of the Toronto UuiversiUes.

MEDICAL EDUCAT

Degrea of M.B.—Tao fuUowiug are tliB
reqnirite* for admiuion to tbe Degree of
Bachelor of Mediuine, to which there axe two
orditwrj modes of proceeding, vii. (1) by
taking a Puaa CourK, or (2) by taking an
Boaonr Course.

fiBiraBW.— Candidates, to enter this
Fucuity, maitt paaa tlio Matriculation Ez-
amination unless (1) they poaaeaa a Degree
in Arta, not being an Honorary Degree,
from any Dominion or British Uoiveraity,
or (2) they haVB already matriculateil in
the Fftcuil^ of Art* or in tbo Faculty of
Law in this University. Before preaenUiig
themselves for the Matriculb "

indidati

most prodoce satisfactory

certiGcatES of gaud conduct, and of having
completed the aiiteentb year of their
The Annual Matricnlation Examin
(boih Paaa and Hoaonrs) will commer
the latter part of June. Supplemental
Examinationa for Matricnlaljon are held in
the latter part of Scptemher, at wbicli
tboie who were rejected at the June Ei'
aminntion, as well as new catididat<s, may
offer themselves; but no Hoaours or Scho-
larships will be awarded at ench supple-
mental Examination. The Fee for Ma-
triculation is Five Dollars, and mast be
paid to the Registrar at the time the can-
didate gives notice of his intention to pre-
sent himaelf, viz. at least two weeks before
the date of commeneement of Eiamina-
The Fee for registration of eiemp-

u from this Examin:

, for Gra-

Arts from other Universiti
Five Dollars; tor Matriculants I'rom other
Faoolties in this University, Three Dol-
lars; for Uradaatea in Arte of this Uni-
versity, Two Dollars. No Fee is exacted
from Graduates in Arts of this University
who have taken Honours in the Department
of Natural Sciences.

Candidates are required to hare ma-
triculated before presenting themselves tor
any Professional Examination, Candidates,
on giving notice of intention to present
themselves at the Matriculation Examina-
tion are reqaired to signify whether they
purpose taking the Pass or Honoor Exami-
nation. Scholarships are only awarded in
connection with the latter. The following
groups of subjects must be passed by every
Matriculant: — 1. Three out of the four

iCTICE

Inngnagu?, Latin, Greek, French, and
German, one of which moit be Latin.
Mathematics, including Arithmetic, Al-
l)ra to the end of Qnadratica, and tbo
rst Three Books of Euclid. 3. Engliah
Orammar and Composition, with the Out-
lines of History and of Modern GeO'
graphy, and an exercise in Writing to
Dictation.
No candidate will be allowed to pass the
atriculation Examination unless he has
obtained one third of the aggregate macka
allotted to it, and in each subject of every
group he must obtain at least one fourtb
of the marks allotted to it. No wider
mge of work is required of candidates for
onours, bnt extra Honour papers will be
it in all the above-mentioned aahjeols,
and special attention will be paid to trans-
lation from English into the langnajpei
professed by candidates. A paper on Che-
'itry will beaetlbrauch Honour students
may enter for tlie same, and the marks
obtuuod in it will be reckoned in along
ith the others in the award of Scholar-
ships. Those candidates will he placed in
the Firat Class of Honours who ohtain two
thirds more of the aggregate number oE
marks ; those who obtain one half of the
aggregate number will be ranked in the
Second Class. The Matricotation Scholar-
ships will be awarded to the two cuidi-
dates who rank first and second respec-
tively in the Examination, provided that
they have ohtaiued at least sixty per cent.
of the aj^egate number of marks, exclodve
of those allotted to Chemistry.

Bxgutationa Selaiag to Undergradaiaei.
— Undergraduates are required ta attend
Lectures, and receive practical instrnction
during each of four years, at OHB or othbb
of the Schools of Medicine recognised tor
this pnrpose by the University. The cer-
tidcates of attcudauce upon Lectures must
mention the precise number of Lectures
given in each CourBe.and must certify Lbe
attendunce of the candidate at two thirds
of these at least. The certificates of Prac-
tical InstructioD must certifythat the can-
didate has diligently pursued the stadias
in question for the whole of the time re-
qnired, and t^ese must be signed by the
teachers in the immediate charge of the
Laboratories where the instruction was
obtained. Each Undergraduate, at the
end of each of the four years of his Course,
is required to present himself at the Annual
Examination of that particular year. The
Annual Examinations are styled the First,
Second, Third, and Fourth Professional
Examinations, and are to

NOETH AMEBICA

BepiirBt« years, in the order na.ined, b; all
candidaCes for the Degree, a. In the
case of a. candidate being prevented hy
BiclcDeas, or other causes beyond hii con-
tml. from attending at one of the Profes-
aional Biaminations. he may be allowed, on
establiahinc the Bnfficienry of the canse. to
take that Eiaminatian together with the
neit following, b. This privilege will not
be allowed to a. candidate rejected at a
Profesnional E lamination, o. If, however,
the eaadidate hits been rejected in one sub-
ject only, having ehowD fair proficiency in
the othera, he may bo allowed to take that
BDbject along with the work of the nent
PriJeaiional E^nmination. d. In thecaae
of a candldut^ for the First ProfesBional
Eiamination failing to obtun the required
percentage in two sahjeeta, while he hag
diBtinguisliod himsulf in all the othera, the
Board of EiamineH may recomiDend that
the subjects passed be allowed to him, nnd
that he shall take the others over again
witb the work of the Second Professional
Eiamination. Oroduatos in Arts at this
Univeraity with Honoors in the Depart-
ment of Notaml Sciences, will be exempted
from tbo First Profeasional Eiaminatlon,
and from the Fee for the same. They
most, however, take thu Anatomy of that
Eiamination along with the Second Pro-
feasional Examioation. No candidate can
pass any of the Professional Eiamiaations
who has not obtained at least one half of
tbe marks required. Nor will a candidate
be considered as having passed any subject
who has not obtained at least one third of
themarksallottedtoit. N.B.— This regu'
lation is now enforced, and is applicable tr
Undergradnates going ant under tbe old
Statute- The Fee for each Professional
Eiamination is Two Dollars, payable
the candidate notifies to the Rcgisti
intention to present bimKlf. A candidate
who has been rejected at one Professional
Eiaminntion will be admitted to the same
ExamiDation in the following year on pay-
ment of One Dollar. Notice is given an-
noally. in Janaory, when the Eiaminatinns
for the year will commence. Every Un-
dergraduate who proposes to present him.
self at a Protessionol Examination musl
send in to the Itegistrar a statement (iic-
cording to a printed form furnished) of
the course be is taking, whether Pass or
Honour, of tbe Lectures attended, and of
tbe practical instruction received, with
the names of the Teachers, and such other
particulars as the printed form may indi
cate, together wilh the original oei
lificates referred to in the stiitement.

(1) Of Matriculation. (2) Of having

attended Lectures on the following sab-

ibjectB : — a. Anatomy, n Course af at

leaat 100 Lectures, b. Inorganic Che-

nistrj, a Course of at least ^iby Lectures.

p. Natural Philosophy, a Course of at

least twenty Lectures. *d. Botany, a

Coarse of at least forty Lectnras. "a.

Zoology, a Course of at least forty Leo-

' res. Of the above Lectorea marked *

least one third muat he of the nature of

practical lessons involving Laboratory

■octiue on the port of the stodent, and

lis must be attested to on tbe same or a

iparate certificate. (3) Of Practical

istructioa in Anatomy during six

months.

OEBTIFrOATBB BEQCIHHD FOB T

(1) Of having attended Lecturfts on the

following subjects : — a. Anatomy, a second

Course of 100 Lectnrea. S. Physiology.

Materia Medica and Therapeutics, caoh

Course of at least 100 Lectnres. d. Or-
ganic Chemistry, a Coarse of at least forty
Lectures. (2) Of Practical Instrucljon
in: — d. Anatomy, a second Course of six
months, b. Histology j nnd c. Physio-
logical Chemistry, each during at least
three months. (3) Of having dissected
the parts of the haman body ouce. (4)
Of being skilled in Compounding and Dis-
pensing Drugs. This certificate may be
from a registered Practitioner, the Apo-
thecary of a Public Hospital, or of a Public
Dispensary, or from a Member of the
E'barmaceutical Sooleljes of Ontario or

TUIBD FBOfEBaionU

(1) Of having attended Lectures on the
following subjects : — a. Practice of Medi-
ciiie. b. Surgery, o. Obstetrics, &c. ; and
d, CTinieal Sui^ery and Medicine, daring
Conrscsof 100 Lectures each, e. General
Pathology, Course of at least fifty Lec-
tures. (3) Of having dissected the ports
of the human body a second time. (3)
Of practical lust ruction in Patbolo-
gicJil Histology daring at least throe
months.

POCriTH PHOMBBIOHAI
(1) Of having attended Lectures on :—
a. Clinical Medicine and Surgery, a far-
tli.ir Coorse of 100 Lectures, b. Foreusio
Medicine, a Coarse of fifty I,ectares. «,
Hygiene, a Course of twenty-five Lectures.

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

d. Medical Psyoliology, a Coorae of twelve
Leotoies. (3) Of Practical Inetraction in
Cliemlstiy in its applicBtian to Hj'gione
and Forensic Medicine. (8) Of having
attended at leaat Sii Climes in u Public
Lunatic Asylum. (4) Of baving conducted
at least Six Lalioara. (6) Of proficiency in
Vaccination, certiEcatm received from any
regiatered I^ctitiontr. (6) Of attendance
in ttie wards of a Public Hoaijital acmm-
modating not lesa than 100 beds during
eighteen months. (7) Of attendance for
sii months on the out practice of a Hoa-
pita], Diapenaarj, or regiatered PratU*
tioacr. (8) Of having attended Tivelvo

SegalatiiHU Telatiag to the Bottoiir
Coune. — Candida es for Honours are en-
titled to Firat-Class Honours in any of the
Proreauonal Exatuinationa It they obtain
7G per cent, of the aggregate marks
allotted to such Eiamination. Those who
obtain 66 per cent, of the aggregate marks
will ba entitled to Second Class Honours.
Extra papers on all the Pass Subjects
will be set for Honour candidates.

riBST PBOBBBSIONAi; BXAMINiTIOK
(1) Anatomy of the Bones, Muscles, and
Ligamenta, aod of the Viscera of the Ab-
domen and Thorax. (2) Elemuots of In-
organic Chemistry. (3) Elemeata of
Natural Philosophy, Electricity, Heat, and
Light. (4) Elementeaf Batanyiinclnding
the Characters and Properties of the fol-
lowing Natural Orders : — Banuncnlaces,
pBpavaraceffi, Cruciferffl, Caryophyllaceie,
Malvacoe, Leguminoan, Roaacem, Saii-
fragBCCce, Ona^acera, Umbelliferffi, Rubia-
cete, Compoeitie, Ericaceae, PrimulaceiB,
Scropbnlariaceffi, Labiatte, Solanaces,
Polygonacem, Euphorbiaceai, Drtieacere,
AmentapetD, OrchidaceEe, Liliacen, Palmn,
CyperaceEB, Qrsmineie. A further ac-
quaintance with the noKious and mediaina.1
plants of the Canadian Flora ia cxpeotell.
|6) Elements of Zoology. "ComparatiTe
Anatomy of Vertebrata. •Practical Ei-
amioatioQ in Natural Philosophy.

a certain Eitra Honour

I

eabjects. Theae are marked
aateriat in the list which follows. Can-
didates proceeding' to the Degree of M.B,
by taking the Honour Coarse will be
grouped in two classes, according to their
BUCceiB in the Honour Examinations,
Only those candidates will receive their
Degree with First-Claas Honoura who have
been placed in the Honour Liat in all of
the four Profuaaional Eiaminationa, and
who have sacceedcd in obtaining First-
Claaa Honours in at least three out of the
four. Those caodidatea will receive their
Degree with 8ecoud-C!asa Hononre who
have been placed in the Honoar Li^ in
three out of the four Professional Exami-
nations, and who hare succeeded in ob-
taining First-Class Honours in at least one
Professional Examination. Candidates for
the Degree of M.B. who are alao Graduates
in Arta of the Uuiveraity with Honours in
the Department of Natural Science, will
be considered aa having passed their First
Professional Examination with Firat-Clasa
Honours, Au Undergraduate in the Honour
Course will not be allowed to degrade into
a lower year except by special permission
of the Senate, to be granted only in case
of illness, duly certiflwl, or for other grave
reasons, or unless he Intends to proceed to
hia Degree by the Pass Course,

Subjects bi the different Professional
Examinations :

(1) Elements of Organic Chemistrj.
(e) AuBtomj, (3) Physiology. (4) Ma-
teria MedJca and Therapeutics. ■Physio-
logy of Muscle, Nerve, Circnlation, Ac.

TEIBS FBOFEBBIOKAI< BXAUINATIOII

(1) Practice of Medicine. (2) Surgery
and Surgical Anatomy. (3) General
Pathology, including Morbid Anatomy and
the mode of conducting Autopsies. (4)
Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and
Children. (6) Clinical Eiaminationa in
Medicine and Surgery.

and Surgery.
(7) Practical Examination in Chemistry in
its application to Forensic Medicine and
Hygiene. In all the Professional Exami-
□atjons special importance will be attached
to the practical part, and candidates are
desired to note that in every subject Prac-
tical Examinations will be given to tJie
fullest extent possible.

Degree of Af.D.— The following are the
requisites for admission to the Degree of
M.D., vii. :— Having been admitted to the
Degree of M.B„ being of one year's stand-
ing from admission to the Degree of M.B.,
and having composed an approved Theua
upon some Medical subject.

Feet for Degrees.— ¥qt the Degree of
M.B,, Six Dollars; for the Degree of

NORTH AMERICA

127

BITLIB AND mijtriBiTEa

Dtgree of M.B.—Taa tollowiog
reqaiaites for BdmiisioD to tlie Degree of
Bachelor of Medicine in tbii Univenit/:

Having; pftsaed a Matricnktion Eiami-
DBtion in tlia following aubjecta, or one
equivalent thereto in all reipeets, tither in
this or Bome other reeogiiiaed Inatitution.
The sflbjecta comprised in this Eiaininit-
tioD are'thefollDHiug:

Compuliory. — Engligh Laognage, in-
eluding Grammar and Compoaitiun; Arith-
metic; Algebra, including Simple Equa-
tionsj Oeometr;, Brat tno books of Euclid;
Latin, Truulation and Grammar; and Id
one of the followiDg aubjects, the stndent
having the option of uaDjing the one in
which he will be Examined:

OpUotutl. — Greek, French, German,
Natural Pbilosoph;, incloding Mechanica,
HydroatatJes and Pnenmatiea.*

Gmduatea or Matriculauta in Arte, in
any recognised Univeraitj in Her Migesty'a
■lominions, are not required to pasa the
Matricnlation Eiami nation.

The certificate of having paased the
Matriculation Examinatiouf of the College
of Physicians and Surgeoua of Ontario is
aoceptoi by thia Cniveraity,

Matriculants in Medicine are required
to present themaelvea at the Univeraity for
enrolment ii£ suoh at tbe same time as the
Studenta in ArU.

Having produced a aatisractory certifi-
cste of good conduct.

Being of the fnll age ot twenty-one
yean.

Having pursued Medical studies for tbo
period of at least four yenra, and having
regularly attended Lectures extending
over a period ot at least three SeasionBt of
ail months each, in the following branches
of Medical Education, for tbe respective
periodshereinafteraet forth. Tiro Courses
of ail mouths cacb on Anatomy, Practical
Anatomy, Theory and Practice of Medicine,
Principlea and Practice of Surgery, General
Chemii(ry>Midiriferj, aud Diseasesof Wo-

rP^'i

\^.Z

u.lelj i

W^nctdn; tflu <£wd Frjitay, lai tlie tbird Iuuda;r
aud IVedondii ip Angiul nS erirf ;Eir.
t StndcaU lMgiuDie( their itadiM altoi

men andChildren,MateriaMedicaand The-
rapeutics, Phyaiolegy and Institutes of Me-
dicine; and one Course on each. Medical
Jorisprndcuce, Toxicology, Practical Che-
mistry, Botany, and Sanitary Science,

Having attended for at least eighteen
months the practice of some General Hos-
pital, and having attended, during two
Sessions, Clinical Lectures on Medicine and
Surgery.

Having attended for at least six movtha
the practice of a Lyiiig-in HogpiCul, or
^ven satisfactory evidence of having
otherwise enjoyed equivalent obatetricat
advantages, with cerciflcate of attendance
upon at least Six Cases of Labour.

Hating passed in this Univeraity an
Examination in all the above subjects.

The above Course of study may have
been pursued either wholly in Trinity
Medical School, or partly, in aome other
recognised Medical School. The last re-
quirement does not apply to Medical men
coming up for Examination who have
been several years in practice.

DegrtB of Jf.D.— Candidates for this
Degree must be Bachelors of Medicine of
at least six montlis' standing. They are
required to send in, at least one month
before Convocation, a Thesis on aome
Medical sabject, which Thesis most be
approved by tbe Board of Examiners.
No additional Fee is charged for thU
Degree.

The Curriculum of this University being
formally reo<^ni»ed by the several Royal
Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons
of Great Britain, all Graduates of Trinity
College are entitled to every privilege
enjoyed by the holders of Degrees Stota
any Colonial University.

Theaa are divided into Primary and
Finol.

The Primary Examination embraces the
following subjects : — Descriptive Anatomy,
Physiology and Microscopical Anatomy,
General Cheaiistrj and Chemical Physics,
Practical Chemistry, Materia M«dica and
Therapentics, Botany.

The Primary Einmi nation may be
passed at the close of the second year's
Lectures.

The Final Examination embraces tho
following subjects : — Medical and Surgical
Anatomy, Theory and Practice of Medi-
cine, including Medical Pathology, Prin-
ciplea and Practice of Surgery, Midwifery
and Diseases of Women and Children,

ISS

MEDICAL EDUCATION J

Medical Jurisprndenee and Toiicology,
and Sanitary Spienca.

This Eiamination takes place at tlie
dose of the Btndent'g lust Winter Session.

Should the candidate desire it, be ma;
nnderga bie entire Examinatioo in all the
branchM at the end of his last year's

The Examinations are held annually in
tlie spring, and the time of holding them
is BO arranged as not to interfere with
those of the Medical Council of Ontario,
which are beld annuully in Toronto.

Coiiferriny of Medieal Degreet. — These
are conferred nt a Special Convocation,
beld annually, at the cIobo of the Winter
Session. Candidates wlio receive the
degree of M.B. at this Convocation, are
entitled to the Degree of M.D. at the
annaal Convocatiou in the autumn of the
isme year, on complying with tbc require-
ments above prescribed.

Graduation Fett. — Primary Examina-
tion Fees for the Degree of M.B., Ten
Dollars; Final ditto. Fourteen Dollars;
Full Fee, including all Colle^ Eiamina-
tions, Twenty- Four Dollars.

I. — ToKosio School op Nsmouit, is

APFILIITIOK WITH ToBONTO TJ»I-
TBBBITT AND ViClOEIi. COLIKQH UttI'
TBB8ITT, COBOITBl}

1. Demonstrations, inclnding Material
for Dissection ; 2. Physiology j 3. Chemis-
try ; 4. Materia Medica and Therapeutics ;
e. Medicine; 6. Surgery; 7. Midwifery
and Diseases of Women and Children
Twelve Dollars eaeli.

Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical,
Fifteen Dollars.

1. MedicaUurisprudence, ThreeMonths
Course; 2. Practical Chemistry; 3. Clinical
Medicine; i. Clinical Surgery; Six Dollars

1. Sanitary Science; 2. Microscopical
Demonstrations ; 3. Botany ; Five Dollars

Registration, Five Dollars, payahle only

The Third Course on any braneh free.

11. — Tbinitv Mebicaii SaaooL nr iJ7iti-

ATIOS VflTH TBINITS CoLLEQK UKI- ,
VEBSITY, ToBONTO UMVKBBITS, AKD

Halifax Ustv

candidates whose standiog lias been suffi-
ciently high to merit them. These will
admit students, who obtain them, ta the
Feliawihip by Examination of Trinity
Medical School.

It ia the intention of the Fncaltj to
□tinne to have the Examinations for
this Diploma— which is the Faculty'i
certificate of qualification — as well as
those for all the other hononrs of the Schooli
ich as to be a guarantee to the public of
igh Professional attainments on the part
of those who hold them.

Examinntiona will lie condneted at the
close of each aosaion, to be known ns the
Firtt yaar'i, the Primary, and the Fimd
ExauiinatiouB respectively.

The aulijocts of the First Year's Exami-
nations are as followa ;— (1) Anatomy ot
the Bones, Mnscles, and Ligaments, and of
the Viscera of the Abdomen and Thorax.
(2) Elements of Inorganic Chemistry. (3)
Elements of Natural Philosophy. Elec-
tricity. Heat and Light.

The Primary Examination embmcea tha
following subjects, which are exactly those
included in the Primary Eiaminationi
now required by the Medical Ooancil.
Descriptive Anatomy, Physiology and
Microscopical Anatomy. Chemistry, Theo-
retical and Practical, Materia Medica and
Therapeutics, and Botany.

The Primary Examination may bo passed
at the close of the Second Winter Sesaion.
A certificate of having passed it, in any
recognised Canadian Medical School ot
University, or of the College of Phyaiciana
and Surgeons of Ontario, will be accepted
by this School.

Tba Final Examination embraces the
following aabjects, which are also substan-
tially similar to those in the Final Bxami-
nations decided upon by the Medical
Council.

Medical and Surgical Anatomy, Theory
and Practice of Medicine and Medical
Pathology, Principles aud Practice of Sur-
gery, Midwifery and Diseases of Women
and Children, Medical Jurisprudence Uld
Toxicology, and Sanitary Science.

NORTH AMERICA

129 '

The Fina] ExaminntioD takes place at

r tka close of the Inat Winter Session.

ShouliI the eanilidaCe desire it, he may

nndergo his entire EiBmiaatian in all the

braacbos at the end of the last Si^ssion.

No cHOdidate ia allowed to presEDt

himself for Euininution for the School

Diploma iMd Fellowikip who baa not ma-

trii^alaCed hefore the Biaminers of the

Medical Conncil (unless in the case af

Qradnates or UatriculaDts in Arti frotn

recognised Universities) and spent four

years in pursuit of Medical studies, nnd

attended at least tbe same Dnmber of

Sessions and Courses of Leutares required

I by the Medical Council from all candidates

L going np for the Final Examination of

W that body.

I VVBS FOB IBB QOintSB

1 Leelvre Fesi.— The Fisj for Anatomy,
Surgery, Pnictice of Medicine, Ohitetrics,
Materia Medics, Physiology, and General
Chemistry, Twelve Dollars each; Practical
Anatomy, and Practical Chemutry, Ei^cht
Dollars each; Medical Jaiisprudence, and
ToiicolDgy, Seven Dollars; Clinical Medi-
cine, and Clinical Surgery, Six Dollars
each; Botaay, Sanitary Scisnoe, Zoology,
Hioroscopical Anatomy, Five Dollnra eocli ;
Eegirtrtition, payaUie once only. Five
Dollars.

Students are free in all the re^lar
biBDcbea after thvy have attended the
School daring two full Courses, and paid
all Fees for these.

All Fees are payable strictly in advance.
Special Brrangemeuts h»ve been made
for gentlemen desiring to enter this School
who may have attended two or more
Conrses of Luctnres in other recognised
Schools or nnivcrtitics. Dental and other
casual stndenta can attend any Course or
Courses of Lectures they may desire in
this Instltntion on paying the nsoal Fees

The Toronto Qeneml Hosritnl, Twenty
Dollars for a Porpelnal Ticket; the Lying-
in-Hospital, Five Dollars for six months.

For the first year's Examination* .

For tbe Primary „

For the Final, indading Diploma .

For the ^nal Examinntion (includ-
ing Diploma), in all cases where
tlie Primary baa been passed in
aome Institution recognised by
the School 1

both tha Slhen la Six boUuD. "

The pnpila'of this School may present
themselves for Eiaminstion for Degrees
in Medicine at any one or more of the
several Universities with which it is
affiliated — and all who desire to proceed
to Great Britain, after finiahins their
studios bore, will find Trinity Medical
Selionl fully recognised by the Bevemt
Medical Inatitutions, Hospitals, and Ex-
amining Boards of the mother country.

QUEBEC

This province has a population of nearly
a million and a half, of whom about
120,000 reside at Montreal, and about
70,000 lit Quebee, the capital. The Med-
ical Profession here, as in Ontario, ia
incorporated, farming what ia called the
College of Physicians and Sni^cons of
Quebec, which body regulates all mattera
relating to Medical Edncatioo and Prac-
tice. The Council of this College ia com-
posed of forty roembers, thirty of whom
are elsctcd by the profeasion, tbe others
being reprcentativos of the Colleges and
Schools of Mcdidne. The chief difierence
between this and the Ontario College ia
that holders of recognised Degrees nnd
Qnalifications are permitted to reftiater
without further Examination. A Board
of Eiaminera is appointed to eiaminu
those whone qualifications are not satis-
factory to the Council, or who do not hold
a Medical Diploma. The Medical Act
states that " from and after tbe pasfliu[i; of
this Act, no person shall practise Medi-
cine, Surgery, or Midwifery, in the Pro-
vince of Quebec, unless he shall have
obtained a licence from the Provinrial
Medical Board (Coll. Phys. and Surgs.),
which is hereby authorised to issue such
licence. Every person who baa obtained,
or may hereafter obtain, a Modiral De-
gree or Diploma from any University or
College mentioned in Section 4 of this
Act (Canadian Colleges], shall be entitled

his Medical knowledge or skill, provided
that such Diploma shall have been given
after four years of study of the Meiliciil
Profession from the date of his admission
to study, and according to the require-
ments of the existing law; provided also
thtit the Provincial Medical Board sbal'
have power to grant the same privilege if
holders of Diplomas of Medicine and Sur-
gery From other British, Colonial i
Fruicb Universitia* oi

I

MEDICAL EDUCATION AKD PRACTICE

The following are the UniTersiWe
Madiottl Colleges in the ProviU'
QucIkc.

PBELISIMABT OB tUIBICCTUTIOir

Every Medical Student of the Proviuee
of Qnebee, before beginning hia Profea-
sioiial stndies mnat pass a satiBf&ctOry
Examination upon the following snlijectB :
— English and Fcencli, LHtln, Qeography ,
History, Arithnietic, Algebm, Geometrj,
Hud Belles- Lettree, and upon an; one of
the following Bobjecta:— Greek, Natural
and Moral PliUoeapli;, and maat present
a eerlriflcate of a good moral chaTacter.

The MatricQlation EianitnatiniiB ghail
be condncted by tbe Examiners nominated
by tha Board twice during the year, at
Qnebee and Montreal alternately. Thej
eball eommence on the Thnnday of the
neok immediately preceding the asmi-
Annoal Meeting of the Provincial Medical
Board in each of those cities, and be con-
tinaed daily till all the candidntes bave
been examined.

The Provindnl Medical Board shall
Appoint for three years (fiubject to the
continual approval of the Board) four
persons aet^mlly engaged in tlie work of
general edacation in tbo Province of
Quebec, to eiamine all persons about to
begin the study of Medicine, Surgery, and
Midwifery, an tlie subjects of general
educiation hereinbefore mentioned as be-
longing to the preliminary .joalificatioQ of
Medical »tudenta, vii. one Examj
skaiBii in the French langange and
skilled in tbe Eoglisli langnngc for tbe
City of Montreal, and one skilled '
tbe French languxge and one skilled
tbe English language for the. City
Quebec

The Examination shall be oral aud
written; and durinj; the oral part of the
Examination, two Examiners, one speak-
ing the French and the other tbe English
language, shall co-operate iu the Examina-
tion of each candidate..

Students admitted to the study of Medi-
nine before tbe passiug of the existing
law shall not bu required to undergo s
new Examinfltion.

Tbe Bnnrd may give a certificate of ad-
,0 the stndy of Medicine, Surgery,
and Midwifery to any eandidate who shall
e passed a Preliminary Examination

equivalent to that required in

viuce, before an anthonsed College at f

Licensing Board in Her Majesty's Do-

'nion, provided that the same privilege

accorded to the studcuts of this Pru-

CCHltroiTLtTM

Every Medical student must pnreae his
I^vfessionul studies uninterruptedly dur-
ing a period of not less than four years
fi'Dm the time of his having passed the
preliminary Eiamination.

Of the above four years, three six-
montbs' Sessions, at least, must be passed
in attendance upon Lectures at a Univer-
sity, Ciillege or incorporated School of
Medicine recognised by this Board, tbe
first whereof shall be so passed the foar
immediately succeeding the proliminarj

Every student must pursue the fallow-
ing Curricnlnm of Professional study : —
General or Deeerlptive Anatomy, Practical
Anatomy, Snrgery, t^actioe of Medicine,
Midwifery, Chemistry, Materia Medica
and General Therapeutics, the Institutes
of Medicine— or Physiology and General
Pathology, Clinical Medicine, Clinical
Surgery — two six-months' Coursea of
each.

Medical Jurisprudence — a Cnursa of aii
months, or two Courses of three months.

Botany, Hygiene — a three . mouths*
Coarse of each ; and a Course of not less
than twenty -five demonstrations upon
Microscoptc Anatomy, Physiology, and
Pathology.

Ho mnst attend the General Praetice of
an Hospital in which are contained not
less than fifty beds, under the charge of
not less than two Physicians or Sargeons.
Tor a period of not less than eighteen
mouths, or for three periods of not less
than six months each. He must attend
Six Cases of Lsbour and Compound Medi-
cine for six months.

No class or Hospital tickets will bo
recognised by the Bo^rd, unless accom-
panied with certificates of faithful and
regular attendanee.

No tickets will be recognised from any
teacher who Lectures on more than one
of the six-months' branches of Medical
stndy previously enjoined, except in the
instances of Clinical Medicine. Clinical
Surgery, snd Practical Anatomy.

Each six-months' Course shall conaiat
of one handred and twenty LectareB,
except those of Clinical Medicine, of

NORTH AMERICA

ISi

Cliniciil Surgery, aud ofMeilical JuriaprQ'

Before liU Gxnuiiaatinn bo entered
upon, the randidiite for the Licanoe mnat
deposit tbe required Foe with one of the
Sr^returies of tlie College, submit to the
Board sntisfuctorj eriduDaa that he has
sttHined tbe fall age of tweatj-one ;eu8,
and that be has complied with the rules
and regulations of the Board reapectiag
tlie preUininarj .Examination and tbe
Medical Carricaiuii].

The EiBoiluera divide the aulyecta or
BiaminBtioa in tlie following mumer:

Strit Sub-Commiftee^

tDeacriptire Anatomy . . 10 miti.

Surgery . . . . X5

Medieid Jarispradence . 10

Seeoad Sab-CommilUe —

Institates of Medicine . 10
Theory aud Pmctice of
Medicine ... 15

I Materia Medicn nud Pliar-
maey .... 10
Shird Sub-Committef—

Chemistry . . . .10
Midwifery . . , .15
Botiiny and Hygiene . . 10

0/ lAe Feei

Tbe following Hball be the scale of Fees
ijable to tbe College :

Certificate of Preliminary or Ma-
tricnlation Einmiuation, In-
cluding Registratiou . . 10 00

Diploma or Licence to Practise,
includiQg Regintration . . 20 00

Aaoaal subscription of Members . 2 00

Registration of persona possessed
uf Licence when Act passed , 1 00

^BegistratioD of additional De-
. grees or Titles to those liegis-
I tered wben obtaining the Li-
, wncD 1 00
Alt candidates for the licence, and sto.
dents proposing to pa^s thdr preliminary
Examination, shall, at the time they band
in tbeir credentials, deposit witb the
secretary of the district, in wbicb snch
Kxaminations are to be lield, the amount
of Pees which would bcoome duo ta the
College in tbe eveat of anccessful £i-

If the candidate for the licence or for
tliB preliminary Examination be T^ect«d,
he bIihII forfeit half the Fees paid to the
College, and the balance in either cose
shall be returned (□ the anaucceaifol
candidate.

MONTREAL

Has attached to it a Modical School, and
all the usual parapbemnlia for study. The
lollowiug are tbe rcg-u latin [is :

1. The Degree of Master of Surgery
(CM.) is not conferred on any person who
does not at the same time obtain the De-
gree of Doctor of Medicine (M.U.).

2. Each student must undergo, prior to
the commencement of bis Medical studies, a
Preliminary Eiamination upon tbe follow-
ing branebes of extra Medical education,
viz. English, French, Latin, Arithmetic,
Algebra, Oeometry, History, Belies-
let'res, and one cf the following optional
subjects: Greek. Natural and Morel Phi-
losophy.

3. Candidates fortheMedicel nndSurgical
Degrees rnnnt have been engaged aainter-
ruptedly for four years in Medical andSur-
gicnl study, but a certificate of liaring
studied one full year with a duly -licensed
Practitioner will reduce the period of study
at the University to three sessions.

4. Students must Matriculate afresh at

before the 1st of December.

G. Every candidate for Graduation mnit
give sufficient evidence hy certiScates —

A. Tiiat he has attended two eix-months'
Courses of Lectures on each of tbe follow-
ing Departments of Medical Science : —
General or Descriptive Anatomy, Prin-
ciples and Practice of Surgery, Theory and
Practice of Medicine, Midwifery aud Dii-
G.ises of Women and Children, Chemistry,
Materia Medica and Tbempeutics, and
Physiology.

B. That he has attended one six-months'
Course or two three -months' Courses of
Medical Jurisprudence, one sii-months'
Course of Pathology, one three-months'
course of Botany, of Hygiene, and also of
Practlcdl Chemistry and Microscopy, and
also a course of not less than twenty-five
Demonstrations upon Microscopic Anatomy,
Physiology, and Pathology.

0. That be baa attended not less than
two aii-months" Courses uf Clinical Mcdi-
dne and Clinical Surgery.

HEDICAL EDUCATION AND PBACTTCB

D. That be bas attended two aii-montlia'
Conrseg of Practii^l Anntoray.

B. Th&t he lias attended for at least
eigbteeo months, or three periods of sii
months eaeh, the Medical and Sorj^cal
Practice of a Hospitnl in which are cdd-
tuiiied not \caa than fift; beda, tinder the
charge of Dot less tliaa tiro Physicians or
SargeonB, and that he baa beeo engaged
for ut least six monthfl in componnding
and dispenaing Medicines at a Hoepital,
a Dispensary, or with a duly licensed
Practitioner.

r, Thathehasattenited atlcBstSix Caaes
of Midwifery, 'either in a Lying'in Hos-
pital or in Privntc Praetice, under the
aupcryision of a regnlar Medical Prac-

6. Out of the four years of Medical
and 8urg:ical study required by Clause 3
one full Conrse on each branch mentioned
in SectioBB A and B, Clause 6, must he
attended in this University.

7. Cannes of leea length tban the above
(Clause 6) will only be received for the
time over whiali they have extended.

8. Every candidate fnrthe Degree mnrt,
on or before the Ist day of March, deliver
to the Dean of the Medical Faculty —

i. A decliimtion, in his own handwriting,
that he has completed his twenty-first year
of age (or that he will have done so before
the day of Oraduation).

B. A statement of bis studies, accom-
panied with proper certificates.

9. Every candidate ahall be eiamined
both in writing and vivd voce. 'I'lie Ex-
nminutions are divided into Primaiy and
Final.

A. The Primary, comprehending Ana-
tomy, Chemistry, Praclical Chemistry,
Materia Medica.PhysiqiQgj, and Botany or
Zoology.

B, The Final— Praetice of Medicine,
Clinical Medicine, Surgery, Clinical Sur-
gery, Midwifery and the Diaeaaea of
Women and Children, Medical Juriapru-
dence, Pathology, and Hygiene.

10. Candidates may, if they choose, be
admitted to Eiamination on the Primary
Branches at the end of the third year of
their study. The Final Examination shall
not ta^e place until the candidate has
completed his fourth year of study.

t 1. The Fee for the class of Medical

IJnrispmdencc shall be Ten Dollars; Path-
ology and Hygiene, Sii Dollars each;
Botany, Five DoUorsj Prncti col Anatomy,
Five Dollars J Practiral Histology, Sixteen

Dollars; and that of all the other clasaes.
Twelve Dollars eai-h. The annual Fee for
Matriculation will be Two Dollars.

2, Any student having paid the Fees,
and attended to two Courses of Lectures
in any elasa, ahall he entitled toa Perpetoal
Ticket for the same.

3. The Fee for the Degree at Master in
Snrgery and Doctor of Medicine ahall he
Twenty Dollara, to be paid by successful
enudidates, together wiUi the registration
Fee of One DoUar.

All Fees most he paid in advanoe.

General Hospital.

II. — Laval tJ[n:TSBBiTY
[as two Medical Faculties— one at Hi
■eal and one at Quebec. Tiie regulati
re alike at both. The Coarse of insti
on extends over foar yenra, and oonaiata
of Lectures on the lullowiug subjects,
divided into two Sections — the Primary

d the Final.

nary

i

hour

Microscopical Anatomy and Histolt
120 Lectures.

Physiology, 160 Lectures.

General Fatbolagy, 80 Lectorea.

Hygiene, 60 Lectures.

Students must also attend, at the Fncnlty
of Arts, 240 Lecturei on Chemistry and
00 Lecturea on Bobiuy,

Materia Medics and General Therapen-

tics, 240 Lectnree.
Surgical Pathology and Theoretical

Operative Surgery, 240 Lepturea.

Medical Pathology and SpccialTherapeu-

tica, 240 Lectures.
Tocology, 240 Lectures.
Legal Medicine, 60 Lectures.
Toxicology, 60 Lectures.
Diaeaaea of Eyes and Ears, 60 Leo-
Practical Operative Surgery, 40 Lec-

Clinical Surgery, 180 Lecturei.
Clinical Medicine, 180 Lectures,
Clinical study of Diseases of Eyes and
Ears, 60 Lectures.

Clinical Midwifery, not less than rIk

•NORTH AMERICA

133

I
I

The Clini<ml Conrieg are given at
Qeneral HoipitBl, &c. In order to bo
• Doctor of Hedicine the candidate :
,iH][1«rgo two EianiinnCions, tbe firs
aU the primarj snbjecte, and the se
«ii all the final aubjeuts. Ho uiast
prodiiCB certificatea of hayiUR nndergone
all the preaeribed atadiea. If the result
of the BiamiaatiOD is " Aaaez hlen,"
Licence in Uedicine ia conferred ; but if
the result be "Bion" or " Tres-bien"
the Doctorate of Metlicine ia conferred.
Doth these Degrees grant the licence to
practise in the jirovince of Quebec, pro-
vided that they are registered at the Col-
lege of Phjaiciansand Siirgeiina. The Fee
for the liceaci; is Ei|cht DoUare, and fur
Ibe Doctorate Twenty DoUttrs.

-MoGiLt Uhitebbitt FAOCLnr op

Mbdicimh
lidured to be oue of the heat Medical
Schools in America. '

III.-

Engli»h language, inclndiag Grammar
and Compoaition ; Aiith motto, including
Vulgar and Decimal Fraetiona; Algebra,
including limple Equations; Ueumi'try,
first two hooka of Euclidj Latin, Transla-
tion and Grammar) aud one of the fal-
lowing optional snljjecCB : — Greek, French,
Qerman, Natural Philoaophy, including
Median icB, Hydrostatics, and Pneu-

Graduatea in Arts of recognised Uni-
Tei'sitlea are not required to anhuiit to the
Matriculation Eiaminution, and a, certifi-
cate of having passi^d this Examination
before the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons of Outario or of Quebec wiU be
accepted by thia University.

1. No one can be admitted to the Degree
of Doctor of Medicine and Miiater of Sur-

Ey who shall not either (1st) have attended
itnrea for a period of at least four six-
uoutha' Sessions iu this or some other
Univeraily, College, or Medical School,
approved of by this University ; or (2ndly)
have atodied Hedicine during at loast four
years, and duriug that time have attended
Lectures for a period of at least three sii-
months' Sessions, either in this or some
other approved Uoiversityj College, or
Medical School.

2. CandldaloB for the Final Examina-
tion iball fnniieh tesUnionials of attend-
mice on the following branches of Medical
Edooatkin, vis. i

Anntomy, Chemiitry, Materia Medina
and Pharmacy, luatitutes of Hedicine,
Principles and Practice of Surgery, Mid-
witvry and Diseases of Women and Chil-
dren, Theory and Practice of Medicine,
Practical Anatomy, Clinical Medicine,
Clinical Surgery — of which two Courses
will be reqnlred of six month)' duration.

Medical Jurispradence — of which one
Coarse of six moutha or two Couraes of
three mouths will he required.

Practical Chemistry, Botany or Zoology,
Hygiene — of which one Course will be
required of tliree months' duration.

And a Course of not less than twenty-
five Deuionitrationa upon Microscopic
Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology.

Provided, however, that tedtimanials
eqnivoluut to, though not precisely the
same as those above stated may be pre-
sented and accepted.

3. The candidate must give proof by
ticket of having atttudrd during eighteen
months the Practice of the Montreal
Oaucral Hospital, or that of some other
Hospital approved of by this University,
and hsve compounded Mediciues for six
months.

4. He must also give proof by (jcket
of having attended for at least six months
the Practice of the University or otber
Lying-iD Hospital approved of by this
University, and of having attended at least
Six Cases of Accouchement.

6. No one shall be permitted to become
a candidate for Examination who shall
not have attended at least oue Session of
this Univuisity, and one fall Course of
alt the braucbes included in its Curri-

6. Courses of leu length than the above
will only be received fur the time over
which tliey have extended.

7. Every candidate for the Degree
must, on or before the ISth of February,
present to the Di:an of the Medical
Faculty teatimoniala of his qualifications,

nost at the s

the

of the Faculty the following
tificate 1

MONTBBIX, IB

1, the nndersigned, being desirous of
obtaining the Degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine and Master of Surgery, do hereby
declare that 1 have attained the ago of
twenty-one years, or {if the ease bo other-
Mine), that 1 ahall have attainLil the Hge of
twcuty-oBo jeara before the next Gmdua-
tion day, and that I um not (or shall not
be at that time) under articles as a pupU

1
I
J

UEDICAL BDDCATION AND PBACTICE

The EiBmiDaUona at the cloaa of each
SeMion are arranged as follows :

First year. — ElemcDtar; Anatomy nnd
Fhyaiology ; Chemistrj (Chemical Hijiica
and Chemical Philosophj-) ; Materia
Hedica; Practical Ac atom j ; Botauy.

Second jeir. — iVinnry Paat Bxamina-
(lOH — Anatomy; PracticalAnatoinj; Pby-
riology; Chemistry; Practical Chemlatrj;
Hstcrla Uedica.

Third jear.-^Senional ExataiHolitM —
Medical Jurispcudeuce, with Toxicology ;
Hygiene.*

Medicine. — Ckssificatioa of Dieeasea,
Pathology of Zymotic DIboubcb. Cou-
tinuvd, poriodicul, and eruptive Fctctb.
Cnnrtitutional Dtaeaaea, Diseases of Kid-
Surgery. — Surgical Pathology; Wounds,
Fractnres, Dialocations.

Midwifery,— Orean 3 of generaUon of
the Female, and changes in tbem, which
Ksnlt from conception. SignB of Preg.
nancy, Diseases of Pregnancy ; Pelvis and
its Deformities; MecbRnism of Labonr.

Fonrth year. — I^nal Pan ExnBiinaliaa
— Mudicine, Surgery, Midwifery, Clinical
Medicine, Clinical Surgery, Medical Ana-
tomy, Snrgical Anatomy.

By means of the above arrangement a
certain deflnite amount of work must lie
accomplished in each year and, moreover,
an equitable division is made between the
Primary and Final bmuches.

It was not thonght udvianble that stu.
dcutB should 7)rwi dually on important sub-
jects of the Primary branches at the end
of the first year, hence the second year
Eiaminatioa embraces the whole range of
the Primary Bubjects, and the same hi>ldB
good for the Final branches in the third
and fourth year, vith the exception of
Medical Jui isprudence and Hygiene, which
may he Gnally passed at the end of the
third year.

The Sessional Exanninations at the close
of I he firat and third years are compulsory
upon all atndetitB, and they will bo rated
aciording to merit.

With regard to the Primary Examina-
tion at the end of the aecond year, it ro-
mnins optional with the student, whether
he passes in all the branchea, or leaves two
for Llie third yiar. In any case. Chemistry
and one other must be taken at the close
of the second year.

* Muf bo tiksD at Ihs eud of the Second Tear.

Lecturet. — One Coarae.

Practice of Medicine . . . 18 00
Clinical Medicine . . . . 12 00

Surgery 12 00

Clinical Surgery . . . . 12 00
ObatetricB and Gynsecology . . IS 00

Medical Jurisprudence . ■ , 10 00

Anatomy 12 00

Znatitntea of Medicine (Phyaiology
and Pathology) . . . . 12 00

Chemistry 18 00

Chemiitry, Practical . . . 18 00
Practical Anatomy . . . . 10 00

Botany and Zoology . , , 5 00

Matriculation . . . . S 00

En registration (each Sesaion} . 4 DO

Degree 20 00

Kegiatration of Degree . . . 1 00

BOBPtTAL BBEB

Montreal Geitaral Moipilal.

Six montha 8 00

Twelve months . . . . 12 00
Perpetual 20 00

Lying-in Siupilal.
Sii mouths S 00

Summer Stuiim . . . . 10 00
Practical Hiatology (MicroscopM

and reagents provided) , . IS 00

Any student, after having paid the Few
and attended two Courses of any elfu^
shall be entitled to a Perpetual Ticket tat
that class, except the following: — Prae-
tical Anatomy, Practical Histology and
Practical Chemistry.

(N.B.— All Fees are payable strictly In

Clinical iDstruction is given at tlia
Qeneral Hospital.

QUEBEC
Laval University haa two Medical Facul-
ties, one at Quebec and one at Montreal.
The regulationa ure alike at both, and hare
been already given {vide Montreal). Tha
Clinical Courses at this Faculty are given
at the Dispensary. There is a good Unapiun
also in connection with the Faculty at
Quebec.

KEnco

The United Stalea of MeiLoo form a
large and populous Republic, Homething
after the pattern of the Doited States of
America. Ench State, territory, and dii-
trict of the Confederation, has Ita own
internal laws, and is quite independent of
and distinct from its neighbour; but all
are alike nhject to the sapreme Gotc>»-

JL

NORTH AMERICA

it of the Federal Caani:U HDtl President
of the Republic only with reepeet to bx-
ternnl aSaira, auoli aa matters connected
with the Qtoeral Post Office, Foreign
Office, War Office, &o. The laws affcoting
the Medical Profeaaion vary considerably
in different statei. In the State of JdHbco,
lor oiamplc, no one may practise either
Medicine or Surgery nnlcss he first pass
the EiaminatJaa and obtain the Diploma
or tbe " luetituto de CienciaH del Eatnda
de Jalisco." This Diploma ia by uo meaua
easily obtidned, the Examination being
very searching and condneted in a most
satUfactory manner. It is also recognised
as a qaaliScation to practise in many parts
oF the United Slates of America. Ag^in,
no one may practise as a Medical man
in tbe City uf Mexico unless he pass
the Examination and obtain the Diploma
in Medicine and Surgery from tbo Board
of EKrectors ol Public loatruction of the
City of Mexico. Several other stutes and
mties bave similar regulations, bnt in
some there ie very little difficulty in ob-
taining a licence to practise, even though
tbe -applicant bave little Medical know-
ledge. There are avvcral Universities,
having Medical Faculties, vin. tbe Uni-
versity of Mexico, which is aitnated in
the centre of tbe city, and contains tbe
National Museum j and the Universities of
Gnadalaiara [,Jali»co), Oaiaeu, Campeaihy,
and Zacatecas. These institutions ore all
in a most ansatisfactory condition, and
their Diplomas and Degrees of little value,
Mexican physicians are celebrated Tor tbeir
linDwledge of the properties , of; herbs.
Much of what is known in European Ph|ir.
macy has been obtained from Mexican
sourcea. The extortions of Medical men,
ejipccially foreigners, arrived at such a
pitch some Idme since, that the Me^can
Government very properly iuterferod and
took tbo matter in hand, and made rcguia-
is which render it necessary for a Medi-

HEWFOUNDLAND

Thia British colony boa no Medical
School, and very few Medical men. In SL
John's, the largest town, there are only
five Medical men, all of whom have
British gualificationa, and who have formed
a society for tbe purpose of opposing any
Medical man who commences practice
without a Diploma, obtained after a Course
of Professional Edacatlon equal to the
minimum required for a regiatorablB Di-
ploma in the British Islands. This, how-
ever, is tbe only protection the Profession
has got, the Inw of tbe colony allowing
any person, qnaliSed or otherwise, to prac-
tise as a Medical Practitioner, provided
they behave themselves respectably, and
do not practise tbeir profession in a
criminal manner. The Colony ia very poor
indeed, and any Medical man who thinks
of trying his fortune here had better make
of some appointment.

miTED STATES

These states, altbou);!) united under
one central Government for purposes of
defunoe, &c., yet ure each of tbem inde-
pendent so far us tlieir internal affain

I

B concerned. Each a

B sovereign

unicipal capacity, while the general
Government is aovereigu in s national
capacity. Until lately the condition of
Medicine in tbe United States was very
bad indeed ; Universities were eatablislied
all over tbo oonntry and Degrees sold in
open day with the coolest effrontery. As
ttn instance of thia the following ex-
tract from the ' Philadelphia Record" of
Saturday, Fehroary gStb, 1880, ia quoted :

oal I

eof

1

t

knowledge, und to buve resided a specified
time in the city before he is permitted to
practise. It also Sxed a certain maximum
Fee for attendance. Mexico ia not at all
a desirable place to practise in, the people
being lawless, and, as a rule, not over
honest, and the protecUon afforded to
foreigners of a very meagre kind. Those
tvho know tbe language and customs of
the country well, however, may often be
very succcsslVil in practice; hut, as a rule,
nowadays, foreign pbyaiciflni avoid this
country as they would a plugae.

a Act."
A.B.'S„ A.M.'S., M.D.'S., D.D/S., ai

L.L.D.'S., GsoDMs Ocrc to Obdes.

Three Ministers of tbe Gospel Rimning a

Triplex Diploma Shop for Oraduat«a

in Medicine, Business, Arts

and Solon cea,

■■ Now. I'll show yon how to write i

prescription ! "

The speaiier, a man apparently about fifty
_ lara of age, and whose long gray liai
and beard gave him a rather miDlstcrli
appearance, ascended a platform in th

13S

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

second-story room of tbe Pliiladelpliii
Uuiveriity of Mtdicine and Surgei'j', and
advancing to tlie blBckbuard with a piece
of chalk, oddresaed himself to an andience
aC tiro innocent jounif men, whose rapt
atteution and earaest faces, es tbej sst in
the centra of the room, showed them to
be in qnost of knowledge.

In front of the desk, which stood on a
eligbtly raised platform, and which bore a
close resemhlanco to a pulpit stand, were
ranged three ruwa of hBrdhotti'm chain.
Gluwi coses, leaching from floor to ceiling,
and extending around three iridea of thi
room, contained a slim collection of sua'
tiOinical Bpecimetis in wax, while the wall
faiiiig the audience was covered witli
chnrts, illustrative of the various parts of
tlie bumdD body. A life-siie figure, made
of cloth and stufTed with sawdust, stood
against a frame on the platform, and at
the left baud of the Lecturer a skeleton,
intended for Demonstrative purposes, hung
saspeoded from the ceiling. A blackboard,
about tbree feet square, was fastened to
the wall directly back of the desk, and
completed the furniture of the room.

" You will be sorprised, gentlemen,"
explained the Lecturer, for such he was,
" to know how simple it is to write nut a
recipe. We will take my mixture for
'dentition'; that meana 'teething' —
children's teething. lu former times it
WB8 the custom of Physicians to relieve
the pniD that attends teetliiug by lancing
tlie gums, hut with the prescription that
1 shall give you this is unnecesiary. Foi
instance, now hureis tlie letter 'p,' [mark-
ing it on the hoard] with a tail around it ;
tlmt stands for ' Take.' Do you see P
' Z ' ttands for drachm, ' oz ' for ounce, aui
•^U ' stands for drops."

" What does ' gtt' mean P What won
' it derived frojoP" interrupted thi

Bof t'

Aiter hesitating a moment, and looking
at tlie questioners as though surpristd
their iguomnce, the Lecturer exclaimed :

■'Why, drops — 'gtt' stands for droj
Now theo," proceeded the Doctor.

" There, that stands for phosphate of iro:

' ' Carb.,' " the Lecturer expl^ncd,
'stuiids for carbonate, and 'mag.' for
uognesin — * carbonate of magnesia, twenty

leftJH

grains." Now, on this end to your left
the bottom of the prescriptioo, 1
' M," for mil, ' ft.' for make — "

" Make what, Doctor ? "

" Make solution. I write ' Ml.' — that
stands for mix, make BolntioQ. Now.wendd

' Oz.' stands for
of simple syrup,
sugar and wate
whole prcBcriptif

And he read this prescript!

ch is made of a little
There you have the
" exclaimed the Leo-

blackboard :

u.n H

lODfulto

" Now, ain't that easy P "

" Yes," gasped the listeners, ii
ment and delight.

"That is jnst my way of teaching my
students," he exclaimed. "That's Just
the way I'll teach you."

The wrapt listeners were ' liecord ' men,
in the rSle of Medical stailents, who
wanted Diplomas. The Lecturer waa
T. B. Miller, Dean of the PhiUdelphia
University of Mvdicine andSurgery, located
at 209, North Tenth-street, and the dis-
course given literally in the above was tho
culmination of a two-hour talk yeatenjaj

1

afternoon, in which th

hod inquired how they could be

riboi

A small tin sign rosding : " T. B. Millep,
M.D., Physician and Surgeon," emhellishea
the hnU-door adjoining the diug store
located on the first floor of the " Univet.
sity," and entering shortly alter noon, the
' liecord ' representatives found the Doctor
in his little private office in the rear.

" Well, gentlemen," began the Doctor,
" what can I do lor jou ? "

" Doctor '■ — and a lump seemed to rise
in the speaker's threat as he attcuiptett to
answer — " wo came to inquire about tt,
Course in Medicine."

" Ah 1 I understand. Ton wish to
euter the University as stndents. H«re

lU ever attended Medical Lectures P "

"NoP"

" Nor read Medicine ? "

"We know nothing of Medicine, Doctor.
We thought we would come and inquire the

h ! yes," and, reaching np to a.

NOBTH AMERICA

137

"Do J

e Degrei

" It will cost you 100 Dollars."

"And i£ we were to paj to-day, how
goon could we priictiBO Medicine F "

" Im mediate I J, air, iioaiediBtely ; jon
can haag out your ehingle at once."

" But, Doctor, wo baVB no Diplomaa."

'' I'll settle that. I'll give yoa a cer-
tificate to practUe Medicine, and no man,
no Legislature [his voice rising'], no body
ut men [still more elevated, and giving
each word witli emphatic deiibenbion],
can interfere with your practice in any
tjtate of the Union."

" That's what we want."

" Well, I'll give it to joa and put the
seal of the Uuiversit; on it if you pay ine
One Hnndred Dollars."

"As a Oradaate of the Fbiladelpbia
University P " inqoired one of the fast
fliidging Doctors.

" Yes — or you onn take your choice ont
of three charters. We have the charter
or the Philadelphia Institute of Medi.^inc
and Surgery, That was the original
charter. Then we Lave the Quaker City
Business College of Arts and Sciences,
which is the beat of alii ^ud two weeks
ago WB bought the charter of the Penn
Medical Uoiversity — that College up on
Bruwu-atreeC, near Thirteenth. They're
running yet, bnt it ia witliout a charter,
MS they sold it to us. The best charter is
the Quaker City Business College;" and.
reaching up to a shell', he pulled down a
large iniuute book, io wbieh were recorded
the doings of a Board of Tmstoes. Turn-
ing over the leaves, he found a printed
copy of the cborter pasted in a book. Jt

Seclion 3. — The esui corporation shall
Lave power to teach all branches of learn-
ing necessary for the thorough theoretical
and practical Education of young men for
the various duties anJ employments of
life, end to iiapurt inatrnttion in
|_nicli branches of literary and scientiHc

"knowledge as may from time b
m4iteaied expedient.

F Seclion 4.— The said Corporation shall
' Inve power to confer Degrees of Merit
■uch persons as shall have completed the
preicrihed Course of study, and may be
deemed sufficiently graduated in know-
ledge to merit the same.

K" That," exclaimed the Dean, " gives ns
)wcr to confer any DeKree. We can
mier Degrees of A.B., A.M., M.D., D.D.,
L.D., or anything you want,"

have

you give n
Doctor?" was asked.

" No ; " then catching himEclf. he said :
Oh. let me say. Yes. I got my Degree
of M.D. from this College, also my Degree
if D.D. lamauM.D., D.D. Now, most
blks want tbe Diploma of the Philadelphia
University, becanse it has ' Medicine ' in
it. Yon see, ' Quaker City liuaioeta Col-
lege ' wouldn't sound so well for a Doctor's
Diploma."

A roll of paper lay on tho desk. Un-
folding this, he showed a Diploma made
■ for " Edward Fiahblatt."
You remember the converted Jew,

"Yea, I have heard of him." was the

" Well, that is Fisbblatt. I am going
) Bend it on to him to-morrow. He is
ProfeJaor of a College in New York, Pro-
.lanta College, and editor of
the ■ Eclectic Medical Jourual.' Oh, he's
a good editor; he's a good editor, I tell
you. Tbia is ad evndfm,"
" What doea that mean ? "
"Why, ad eumfem means ' la additiou'
— la additiou to his other titles."

" Of course, one Corporation can act
under three different charters?" tbe
Medical student innocently snggeatod.

" Yes — yes. I run them all. I am
Dean. I took hold in 1876, and have been
running it ever since. Let me tell you.
In addition to my Lectures and my large
practice 1 am pastor of a chureh at Fifth
and Lehigh Avenue."

" You must be a bnay man."
" Oh, my Hme is wonderfully occupied."
" Doctor, bow long must westudy before
we can praotisBp "

"Ob, you can go ahead to-morrow and
pmotise. Go up to tbe School of Mid-
wifery, on Thirteenth Street, and attend to
tbe cases. If yon get into any trouble I'll
sue you through."

" What books most we have?"
" You need very few bouks. I will
guarantee that your boobs don't cost you
Ten Dollars. Here, now, is ' Gray's Ana-
tomy,' that yon get for a Dollar and a Half.
'Paine'a Practice' I will get yoo for One
Dollar Seventy-flve Cents. 'Obstetrics'—
I wrote a book on that, and I will give it
to you tor Seventy-flve Cents. The other
text-bnoks on ' Obstetrloa ' would cost you
Five Dollars. But mind ; see my name —
Milleri thal^s me— it contains all jou
want — it ia a manual."

"Oh, it's easy— to practise Medicine,"
he sad. "Here, 1 have this bottle," bdug-

ing B BDiall dark Iwttle from behind his
inkstand, and placing it od tlie edge of the
d«k ; " that is econite. Here is bella-
dunuB ; and this, nux vomica. Those
three bottlea," poinlJD); to them, " I alwajs
carry al>out with me, and they will enre
every disease man ever had. Here, also, is
a little pocket case with tea vials in it,"
opening the caae and shoning the viats
while tolltingi "thaae tliirteen hottles —
nil jon will need in giving Medicine. (
it's easy. JuBt yon follow my instractia
and I will make jjpod Dootors of yoa."
" How long must we stody ? "
" Well, DOW, I will take yoa as
private Btudents. You eome to me one
week and recite ; then attr:nd the Lecti

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

You B

t take

full

I

Conrae. I will fli that. And before yon
go"— seeing the studente ri»e-.-"l niUHt
abow yon onr Mnsenm and Dissecting-
room." Tbe Musenm was in a room ten
by twelve. One case containing a buncb
of wai models, covered with dust, eom.
prised the Mnsenm.

" Ain't that a woudcrf nl Miucnm 7 " he
asked.

" VcB, indeed it is," approvingly added
tbe BtndontB.

" Follow me," said the Dean, and he
took them over to the Lectare room, where
WBB given the Lecture which ieads thin
article, on " How to write a preaoripCion."
Returning to his mnBty office, the dicker-
ing began over the mouey which was to be

" I don't know bow soon I can pay you.
Doctor," said ODD or the prospective Doc-
tors. "What ■ "■■

opay n

much as yon o

then the rest when you can spare

The reporter was reading the prospectus,
which had been handed to him aome time
before, and he saw this.

" A liberal reduction will he made to
those whose means are limited, and the
same kept strictly confldential."

■• What will One Hundred Dollars do for
ine if I pay you to-day ? "

" It will see you clear through," ho
answered, "Fay me whut you caa. How
much can you pay to-day ? "

" I don't know," the young Sawhonea
replied. "I will go homo and aee how
much money I can get."

" When can yoa come back ? "

"This evening."

"All right; 1 will be here," the Dean
■aid, and as the reporters were passing out
of the door he called ont : "llcniemher;
in o'clock ; don't yon disappoint me."

The aeqael shows he was
pointed.

Tho engagement to meet the Doctor ' _
the evening was promptly kept, ami at
seven o'clock, when the Medical studouts
and ' Eecord ' reporters presented them-
selves again at the office, the matron,
Mra. Diswell, seated at the Doctor's desk,
explained that he had not yet arrived, but
before leaving tbe office had requested her
to ask his new studeuts to wait until be

After waiting about three-qnartars
an hour, a man, evidently acquainted thop
came into the office, and seating himse
near the two visitors, inquired, ia an ol
hand manner, whether they were the gea
tlcmen who intended to enter the Ud.
versity, adding that lie had Graduated h
Madicine from the College of MaryLu^
hut feeling that his tuition had been im-^
perfect and insnffioient. he came to the
City and passed through the "Philadelphia
University of Medicine and Surgery," and
that his Conrae in tbe latt«r really ^ve
him the thorough and praotioal knowledg " ~
that he desired.

When ho had concluded bis remarla
which were interlarded with quizzing
to the post history of the new appliei
be arose and left the room, and about fin
minutes afterwards the Doctor himaa
appeared, explaining that he had bea
dehiyed by a very serious esae of aiokoa
with one of his patients, and immediate
proceeded to buBineas hy aaking whethsi
the applicants were prepared to compl '
with the Tequirements to enter tbe Colled
as students.

" Only partially prepared," explaint
one, '■ I would prefer to poy the Fee I
instalments."

" Very well," interrupted the Doob
" You may do that. Yon con pay a portion
or it now; another at the cloqe of tb|.
Course, and the balance when yon reoulinj
your Diploma." J

" But in that case I would not be allows^
to pructise until next February f "

" Ob, yes, yon will. The certifii
which I shall give yon aa soon as yod
decide to enter the College gives'" '*
rigljt to hang your shingle ont a
Tho fact of having been admitted a
student is all that is necessary; hnt I wHfl
give you a certificate that vrill entiUl
you to practise, and if any one attempd
to ^trouble yon about that just cr —
me and I will protect you and s
through. How much do yoa wish
down thia eveuing F "

HOBTH AMERICA

1S9

The newBpnper man auggeated twenty-
five Dollars.

" Very well," said the Doctor. " I will
writa you out a certifiqute." Wbereupon
ho tore B blank leaf from a book, and
wbicb, filled out, renda as follows :

f No.

PaHiASELFHIA nUITEltSIIE OF

Ubdioinb ma Sussebt.

This w ta certifg, that in considera-
tion of tlie tarn of Om Hundred
Dollars, the receipt whereof is hereby
acknowledged, tbe holder of tbls Cer-
' tifioate is tQtitled to Tico years'
I Scholaraliip and Tuition in the Medi-
\ cal Department of said College.

Witneas tbe Seal of tb« College,
\ Ttpentg-ieveHth day of February, 1380.
W. J. P. INSKAHAU,

Frea. Board of Trustees.
Atteit! Wm. Major, Seo'j.

"Now, shout the certifieate that will
eoable me to practise," suggested the
• Heci rd ' representative,

" Ob, this wilt do," replied the mndero
.£8calapias, referring to tbe certificate
of scholarship wblcb ho had joat aigniid.
"That will show jour connection with
tbe Institute, and is all tbot is necessary
for you to haTB to proceed with a case at

Taking down a big account hook, he
asked them thtir names.

" Heaidence pleaieF" he aaked.

All '

down with the Chisa of 1879, the Coi
of which — if ever there wos a CourB<
commencing last October and cloaiog two
weeks ago,

Here is the list of oamea aa they stood
when the * ll«cord ' namea were put down.

Walter Z. Twitchell, Lancaster, N.H.

Julia P. Wright, Boston, Moss.

Mrs. Cora Vf. Eind, 136, N. EloTontb
Street.

Ida B. Mitebell, 419, Arch Street.

W. H. Soudtr, Clayton, N. J.

Wellington O. Steele, Liberty, Sullivan
Coontj, N. Y.

Francis Weaver, West Phiiadelpbia.

Asa K. Kinney, Wcstfull, Vt.

EUlabeth (lobel, 837, North Fifth Sti

Jennio Rlokorde. 832, South Ki

I. LaciusMaynard, 898, North Tenth 8t[
John Norrls, 1309, South Fifteenth Sti
"No. 1309, South Fifteenth Street. Ah.
]Cr. Norria, I know where that is," he

aid, adilrcBsinE; the City Editor of the
liecord." " Now I will pnt your names,
fnrrta and Maynard, on the list of stndeuts
or Iai:t winter, so that all you need now

vill be published in our anuounceuient
for 1880."
After some farther discussion, however,
which the Doctor waa reminded that
thia would not permit him to practise
;ine, and on being- requested to give
tbe applicant n certllicnte etsting jnat
wliat was meant and what was promised.
Rev. Mr. t. B. Miller, A.B., D.D., A.M..
finally wrote ont the following :

This is to cbbtut that the bearer, Mr.
John Norris, in lien of taking out tickets
and entering tbe " PhiladelphiH University
of Medicine and Surgery," under tbe direct
auperviaion of the Dean, ia entitled to proc-
Uedicine from this date.

T. B. MiLLEB, Dean,
Phiiadelpbia University o£ Medicine and
Surgery.
Fehnmry 27th, 1880,

Then, pulling out a drawer in his desk,
e produced a number of printed cards,
'ith blanks left for the name and date,
tiat were Qlled in by bim, and which
read aa follows :

Philadelphia University

Medicine. Surgery, and Pliarmacy.
Medical Departmeut.
Matrieulatioa.
By John Norris.

T. B. MiUer. M.D., Dean.
Session, 1879-80.

Philadelphia University

Medicine and Surgery.
Medical Department.
Admit Mr. John Norris

to Lectures on
Analoms and Histology.

By Prof. E. E. Wooster.
October 6, 1879.

Fbiladelpbia University

Medicine and Surgery.
Medical Department.
Admit Hr. John Norris

to Lectures on
Surgers.
By Prof. J. Randolph Rowond, M.D.
October 6, 1879.

MEDICAL EDDCATIOS AND PRACTICE

MedininM and Surgery.
Medicul Department.
Ada][t Mr. John NottIb

Fhj/iiotoffii and Hygiene.
Bj Prof. Wm. Rargr^vea, i
October 6, 1879.

Philadelpbia TTaivcraity

MediciDe and Surgery.
Mudiual Uepartmeut.
Admit Mr. John Norrii

to Lpctnrei on
Obstelrint and Diseaiesof Women
Children.
By Prof. TliomaB B. Uiiler, W
October 6, 1879.

Philadelphia UuivorsiLy

Medicine and Sargery.
Medicnl Departmuat.
Admit Mr. Joha Norris

to Lecture* on
ChetnUiri/ and Toxicologg.
By Prof. John Kaje. »
October 6, 1879.

Philadelphia University

of
Medii:ine &nd Surgery.
Medicul Department.
Admit Mr. John Norria

to Lecturer on
TheoiTl and Practice.
liv Prof. W. HHrgmvce, 5
October 6, 1B79.

PbilBdelphlft University

of
Medicine nnd Snrgery.
Medical Department.
Admit Mr, John Noixig
to Lectures on
Materia Medica and TherapeKtict.
By Prof. W. B. Orvis, M.D.
October 6, 1879.

" TLere," said the Doctor, handing to the
' B«cord ' man the eight cards, while he,
in eichange, received twonty.five Dollars,
" You are now ttstudent, regularly admitted
to the College, of which I am the Dean.
You ai'B I have dated them hack to
Octoher 6th, 1879, and which will give
you the benefit of a claim to baviug
puaaedthe first Course. (Jiie more Course

e it,"
being called to the omia-
lion of the Seal of the Univoriity on the
certificates, the Doctor rummaged around
the drawer fur a moment, and, Gndiog
none, explained that he was out of Seals
at his offlcij, but would bring noma down
from bia house in the morning, and re-
i|ue>ted the newly-amlged Mudii-al Prao-
titioners, to call to-day, when the Suali
would be affixed to the documents. _

The Doctor's (ace beamed with b
aa he arose to condui't the viiitors t
door, and bidding them good night
voice (hick witli joy, he called out :

" Now, gentlemen, don't fail to let lUil
hear from yon ! " I

" Oh, no, Doctor," chorused the repor>fl
ters in reply, " Yon will hear troai r'

U he reads this he baa heard from then.!

On inquiring at the Methodist 3
Itooms, on Arch Street, above Tenth, I
reporter was informed that Bev. T,
Miller was a Minister in good standina
in the Philadelphia Conference, and th4
there bad never been so much i
whisper against his moral character. Th* \
fact was also stated that be is at t)M ■
present time in charge of Eden MethodiatM
Church, on Lebigh Avenue, below Fif|' '
Street. At the last meeting of the C
fereucB it was stated that there «
objection raised in that body t
practising Medicine while be rem
active service in the Ministry, hot t
objection was not pushed, and so tll»<]
matl«r was dropped, aud Miller was ra^T
turned to liis former charge at Eden Cbnruh, 1

The leading official members of I"
Church were next waited apon, and thej^l
too, spoke of tbdr Pastor as a man of' fl
moral worth, so far as (hey had ever a»> I
certained, but deprecated hia being wJ
strongly wedded to his Medical callinvl
and to the " College," ae it detracted fron^9
his eflecbiveness as a Pastor.

" Before be took up Medicine," said oa*:!
of the brethren, "there '

popular or effective Preacher in the Cqb- 4
forcnce. Onr cotigregation is small, aadn
cannot afford to pay a large salary ; but
I know of one of our members who said b)
Ill-other Miller, ■' We will go without meal
three limes a week to save money enough
to give yon a good living If you will I
ouly give up that College."

NORTE AU&mCA

Another brothi'r raid : " WliUa wo don't
knon instiling ngamat BroCber Miller's
cbarocter, yet we don't like the idea of
hJB being conDei'ted with that College, for
it bKSi as everybodj knows, b bad icpa-
tationi idthoDgn Brother Miller Bays that
Dr. P»ine is the worst maligaed mno thiit
ever livcili but, of ooarsc, I don't know
anything aboot that. What 1 was going to
aajr was this, tbat Brother Miller's time will
be up with us in little over a month, and
10, rather than make a disturbance ia the
Church, we thoQght it best to let bim go
on peaceably till Conference meets, and
then we will be done with him. If he
would onlj give up bis Medicine and give
his whole time tg tlie Ministry there woaM_
not be a lietter preacher io the city."

Eev. W. J. P. Ingraham, President of
the Board of Trustees, is a local prfncher
in the Methodist Charcli, doing buaiuess
during the week at 45, Strawberrj-atreet,
■ small street running north from Ghest-
Dot. between Second and Third.

Kev. William Major, Secretary of the
* Board of Truitees, is the preacher in charge
of Centenary (M. E.) Church, at Forty-first
and Spring Garden streets. Mr. Major
has always taken a front place in theratiks
of reformers, particularly with those en-
gaged in trying to enforce a more strict
observance of the Sabbath, and in the total
abetiuence reform movement. During
Murphy's temperance campaign in this
city Mr, Mnjor was an ardent supporter of
the renowned reformer, and took an active
part in conducting the mectiugs which
were held nightly at the Annei of the
Academy of tlie Fine Arts, on Broad-street.

Ridg

oe, above Walkc

Ebnrt

A watchman was placed on the huilci-
ing, but hfi was removed soon after, hecanse
the Doctor Factory evidently ]iroved re-
mnnerative, and the money flowed in
freely. Up to this time all bat 77 Dollars
bed been paid to the landlord. On tho
20th oF the present month an ndditioniil
levy was made on the place for the rent
of January, which has not been paid.

Teste pdiy morning the Bav. Mr. Miller,
&c,, M.D., served a writ of replevin upon
Constable Raymond and William C.
Sparks, repleviniiig the Dmg Store in the
front part of the Doctor Factory building
from the constable. The lease on the
place is made out in the names of Miller
and Wooater, both of whom are of the
Facolty."

It is gratifying to learn that tlie charter
of this University has be^n cancelled, and
Chat no snch Institntions as this are in ex-
istivicein any of the States, except as purely
private estuulishments. The cnnditinn of
Medicine has lately verv much improved
in the States, and no Uuivecsity can be
established withont the consent of (he
State Commissioners of Public Charities
and Correction (Commissioners of Police),
who sign all the Degrees issued. Most of
the States have, moreover, Jreuied laws for
the better regulation of Medical practice,

ery easy n

I On the 21flt of January of tho present
Tear the owner of the bnitding on 200
North Tenth -street, occupied by the
Philadelphia University of Medicine and
Suixery, thought it abont time that be
had received some rent. For seven months
the Bev. Mr. Miller, A.B., M.D.. D.D., had
run the Doctor factory, and had failed to
■ettle with the hmdlord. The services of
Mr. Jacob Raymond, constable of the
Foorteenth Ward, were called in. He
proceeded to the College, and requested
the payment of 430 Dollars, that being the
■um due up to January 1. tho preniiaes
being rented at a cost of 60 Dollars per
month. A levy was made, and among tlie
immerons effecta found in the CoUfge
were many that were recognised as being
a part of thoae which formed a College
with which Dr Paine was connected, on

Medical Practitii . .. ._

them. In other States things are still in
a very backward and nnsatisfacti'cy con-
dition, and Medical men are frequently
met with who display their attainments
on hand-bills in tbe public thoroughfare,
while really possessing few merits, and
who are permitted to practise on the
strength of a testimonial from a regular
Qradnute, or some other such quAlificatlon.
In many States there eiist a iiumber ot
Ueciieal Boards and Societies whose busi-
ness it is to take care that no nnijnalified
person practises as a Medical Practitioner,
and who examine tho Degrees and
Diplomas of all candidates for practice,
which, if satisfactory, entitle the can-
didates to tbe licence to practise, but
which, if ansatisfactory, are not considered
sufficient qualifications for practice with-
out an Eiamination being passed on all
Medical subjects before the State Board or
Society. Each State Board or Society
reongjiisei as a sufficient qnalitication for
practice the Jioences of other State Boards
or Societies in the Dnion, and the Degrees
and Diplomu of ftll Home aind Foreign

I
I

143

MEDICAL EDDCATION AND PRACTICB

Univenitieg ind Hedicat Curporatious c
EOod repute. All Diplaiuas in Ueilicim
Sorgrary, and Midwiferj, ohtained froi
MedieiA Cullegea in tbe Utiitud SUtea
(whether Doivereities or not), bti: conai.
derail to he Degrees, and therefore are ra-
presented by the letters " M.D." In Jaoe,
IBT7, a meeting of American Medical Col-
leges took pIaceinChifikga,nt which it was
decided that an AfHoeiatioQ should he
formed, called the " Amerii-an Medical Col-
lege Asaociation," which shonld huve for its
object the elevation of tlie gtaodard of Medi-
cel Educatjon. Many of the American Unl-
versities, and Coilegea hate joined this
AisociatioD, and no doubt many more
will looo do lilcewise. There are,
however. i«veral flrBt-claia Univertitioa,
whoie repntatioQS aro nn impeachable,
but which have nob thought fit to join
their neighbours In thia movement, lo
that the fact of a College belonging to this
Association does not in any wiiy imply
superiority over many others that are not
raemhers, InLlovd, thura are some most
excellent Medical Colleget in the States,
not members of this Assncintion, whose
requirements for Oraduution are very far
superior to those enumerated in the
Articles of Confederation ; whilst others
have requirements fijr Qradnation which
exolqdes them from membership. The
Article! of CanfcderatioD of tbia Aaao-
ciation insist upon a ccrbiin minimum
standard of edncation for Medical Prac-
titioners, which is at present not very high,
hut which, in all probability, will soon be
raieed. The step iu the right direction
has been taken, and, in such a country as
the United States, it is truly mnrvellons
that even this much advance has been
already made. We may expect great
results. None but regular Colleges are
adiuittod to membership, in spite of the
protestations of certaiu Ei^Iectic and
Homreopathic Institutions, and conse-
qaeotly the now Association has bad to
contend with enemiea both outside and
inside the ranks of the profession. De-
mocratic Governments are not remarkable
for legislative ability or interest in matters
of science, and least of all in those in-
volving the health and huppiness of the
community J and so, whatever tends to
elevate the character and ueefulness of the
Medical Profession muat be alowly and
laboriously worked oat by the frateroily
itself. Whether thia ia being done iq the
United States or not is a question which
must be decided after careful investiga-
tion of the exiatiug condition of Medicine

in that conntry; and to all onprejodiced
judges the far't must be patent that tbe
American Medical Profession has not been
behindhand in tbe general race of progress,
' which, in the course of one century, I

t,,;ra

h.ir

AkllOLH I. — OF TBB rACtTLTY

The Medicul Members of the Faculty
mast be regular Qraduatca or LicantiatM
and Practitionera of Medicine, in gvrad
standing, using: the word "regular" in
tbe sense oommonly understood in the
Medical Profession.

Seclioa 1. — Tbe scheme of tnition shall

Anatomy, including Dissections, Physio-
logy, Cbemiatry, Materia Medica and
TherspoutlcB, Obstetrics, Surgery, Patho-
logy, and Practice of Medicine. Th« Cal>
legiate Session, wberein the Courae ii
given, shall bo understood as tha " tega-
lar " Seasion.

Section 2. — Said regular Session ihaU
not be leaa than twenty weeks in dnratioa. Jl
This section to go in force at and afbm •!
the Session of lS79-8a J

Section 3. — Not more than one regnln -J
Sessinn, counting the regular Seiiion ■■ J
ono of the two Courses of instractioii'l
required for Qradnation, shall be held ia-A
the same year.

— BSQCIHEUBNTS I

No person, whether a Gradnata hll
Medicine or not, ebnU be given a DiploBUtJB
of " Doctor of Medicine " who ahall n "^
have fulSlled the following requicemaal
except as hereinafter provided tor
Article IV,

1. He must produce satisfactory (
deuce of good moral character, and i
having attuned the age of twentj-a
years.

2. He must Gle a satisfactory oertiSos
of having studied Medicine for at lea.
tbree years under a regular Gradnata a.
Licentiate and PractiUoner of Uediolnl
iu good standing, ming the word "

ITOHTH AMERICA

149

Ikt" Id the bsdso cammonl; nniierstoQd in
the Medical profcBaion. No CHiidLdiite
ahall be eligible for flnni EiBinination for
Grad iiiLtion naleee liJa term ot bitrce jears'
Btndj aball have been completed, or ahM
expire at (t date not later Chan three
month* atter the final EiaminBtion. This
clanae to take eSect at and after the Ses-
sion of 1879-80.

3, Ue Ria>t file the proper official ovi-
deni'c that during the nbove -mentioned
three ;eara he haa MatriculBted 8t some
gffilinled College or Colleges, for two
regular SegBtona, nnd in the coarae of the
aaroe (except na provided 1q 1) baa atten-
ded two full Coursea of inatructioD on the
aeven topics mentioned in Article ii. But
the latter, at least, of the two full Courses
mnat have been attended at the College
iesniiig the Diploma. No (wo eonaecntive
Couraea oC inatructioD ahall be held aa
Bstlalying the above reqnirementa unlesa
the time between the beginning of the
first Coarae and the end of the second ia
greater than fifteen montha.

4. In cate a College ahali adopt a sjste-
mntic graduated scheme of taitioa, at-
tendance on the whole of the same ahall
be equivalent to the reqaircmenta men-
tioned ID 3, provided such scheme includes

in Article n, and requires attendance at
at least two jenrl; regular Collugiato Ses-
aiona of not less than twenty weeks' durn-

6. The candidate most have passed a
personal Examination before the Faculty
on all aeven of the branches of Medicine

6. He mnat have paid in full all CoUogB
dues, inclnding the Oradnatiun Fee.

An Honorary Degree of "Doctor in
Medicine" may bo granted in numbers
not exceeding one yearly, to diitinguinhed
Physicians or flcieiitific men of over forty
years of age. lint in snch case the
Diploma ahall bear across its face the
word " Honorary," in conapicuooa charac-
tera, and the sume word ahall always be
appended to the name of the recipient '
all lists or Graduates.

ABTICLB v.— OF FBBi
Secfionl.— All Fees shall he paid

lawful uionoy, and no promlflMry notes or

promises to pay shall be accepted in lien

of cash for payment of Fees.

Srvlion 2. — No ticket, or other ocrtiB-

cate of attendance upon College exercises,

bo issued to any student until the
dues for the same shi.ll have be, n fully paid.

Sectioa 3.— The established Fees ior the
exercises of the regntar Sesaiou, except the
Matriculatioa Fee, Orodnatioii Fee, Fee
for Dissections, may be reduced not more
than one half to Grnduatta of other affili-
ated Colleges of leas than three years*
standing, andtoUndergmduatesof the same
who have already attended two full Conrsei
' the instruction of the regular Session.

Ssclion 4.— The same Fees may be re-

itted altogether to a College's own

tmni, to GradnatcB of other affiliated
Colleges of three years' standing— the
three years dating from the time of Qrad-
nation and ending at the close of the
rognlsr Session for which the tickets are
given — to Undergraduates who have al-
ready attended two full Coarsea of the
inatructiou of the regular Session, tlie
latter of which, at least, shall have been in
the College making the remission, and to
thcnlogical students, when not candidates
for a Diploma.

SuBlion 5. — The same Pees may 1^ re-
duced or remitted to deserving indigent
Btudenta, to a number not exceeding five
per cent, of the number of Matricnlanta at
the previous regnlar Seafiion of the College.

Seetioa 6.— Under no circuni stances
whiitovor, other than the ahove, shall the
Fucultiea, or any members of the same,
grant, upon Iheir omt oullioriiy, any re-
misaiona or reductions of establisliod Fees.
And it is distinctly understood and agreed
that the Facultiea will dlacountenuDce and
oppose the anthorlaing^ by governing
Boarda of the admission of individual
stadents upon other than the regularly
established charges for their grade.

Saclion 7. — itcmiaaiou or reduction of
Fees for other eiereiaes than those of the
regular Session, return to a student of any
moneys after payment of Fees, or an ap-
priation of funds of the College for pay-
ment of any student's Fees, or part there-
of, shall be deemed violations of the pro-
visions of this article in regurd to remis-
sion or reduction of Fees,

ABTICLS T

or o

No College shall admit to the privileges
accorded in Articlea iii and T the stu-
dents or Graduatea of any College whiuh,
during any period of the student's or
Graduate's pupilage, shall have been ex-
cluded from the list of afliliated Colleges
recognised by the Aasodation.

MEDICAL EDTTCATION AfTD PBACTICB

Amebic AH Medio a l
This Association mat Srst ua a, Nutianal
, Medical ConTention, Huy Gtb, 1846, in
tbe City of Sett York. The orgHniiation
was (ioinplet«d, and tliB preaeat name
•dopted in Pliilndelphia, Ma; 5. 1847.
The Association meets annasllj in May or
Jane, in some one of the large cities, and
ia eorapoied of permanent members and
delegates from reg-ularly conutitnted Me-
dical societies of good Btandiii); in the
Cnited states. Tlie object of the Auo-
eiatioQ is to promote the progress of
Medical science, and to act as a court of
last appeal in contra verted points in
Medical ethics.

ALABAMA

The following Medical Boards and Socif
ties are entitled by la* to grant licence
to practiao in this State, viz. CUibomi
Demopolis (Marengo Co.), Kufaula (for
morly Irwinton), Huntaville, JaeliBonsville,
Mobile, Selma (Dallas Co.), and Tnsca-

Tbese Medical Boards and Societies mnat
examiiiB ull applicants for practice, and
also their Diplomas or licences, which
mnaC in all eases be from a reapeotablri
College or Instttation. But regular Qra-
duatea oF Medical Collegea in the United
States may practise tlieir prnfession with-
ont a licence, and tlieir Di)ilomas shall be
anfficient evidence of their antliority tu do
so. They mnst also grant to every appli-
cant who ia found, upon Examination, to
be daly qualified and of good moral cha-
racter, and has paid Five Dollnra ({5) for
the nae of tbe Board, a licence to prac-
tise Medicine, Sargary, or any of the
branchea.; Every licence mnat be signed
by the fteaident of the Board granting it,
and connteraigned by the Secretary and
Judge of Probate of the county in which

GREEKSBOROUGH (HALE CO.)
The Sonthcin University at Oreena-
borongh has a Medical FacDlty, which was
eatabliahcd in 1672, with a fair class for a
Firat Session. There are five Prnfessore in
the Medical Departmcut. No Degree is
conferred without Examination.

MOBILE
The Medical College of Alabama, at

Mobile, was organised in 18S9, with a fnll
corps of Profesaora; closed doring' the
wBTi and reopened in 1367- It is con-
ducted nt n " free School," tbe only Fees
being Matriculation, Twrnty-fire Dollan;
Anatomy, Ten Dollars i Qrsdaation, Thirty
DollarB. Tbe claaa at the lust Session
numbered 103. There are (en Professora,
It Deaionatrutar, and an Aaaiatant Demon-
strator of Anatomy.

Thia College ia one of thoao which joined
the "American Medical College' Asaocia-
tlon," and grants D^^es in Medicine ac-
cording to its Articles of Coarederation,
previanaly deacribed.

ALASKA

This territory woa purchased by the
United Statea' floTcmment from Rnaaia in
1667, and waa formerly known as Uussian
North America. The coast ia somewhat
warmed by the Japan current, or Bl»ck
atream, which ia the counterpart in the
Pacific of the Oalfstream in the Atlantic,
but has, neveitheieae, ancb an extremely
cold climate that few white people are to
he found there. There are a few natives
and Rnssiana to be found hero and there;
no territorial government baa been formed,
the general Government of the United
States having complete control of the
country. There are few Medical men in
itory, audno inducements for others

ogo.

ARIZONA

ih Medical Board iseatablisbed; andthi
name of the person and of the branch in
which he is licenced to practise must be
registered in the hooks of tbe Judge of
Probate, for which a Fee of Pifty Cents is
demanded.

The State Aasooiation ia now making an
effort to secure Legislation, giving it ex-
clusive control over the licensing of Phy-
sicians in this State.

The following are the Univeraitiea in

Thia intereatins State has no Medical
Inatitutions, and free trade cxista amongst
the twenty-two Medical men in tbe State.
There exist here the remains of former
civilization and cultivntion, such a
of ancient citiea and cathedrals.

ARKANSAS

This State is rather larger than Ore
Britain, and has a popuhition of 434,^
and 1100 Medical men. There are I

IfOBTH AMBRICA

I

Medical Colleges or SclimU in the Stute,
nyone may practise who likes, quiili-
r unqunlitieil.

CALIFOENIA

....» Slftle covers nn area of 188,981
aqnarc milcB, and is, therefore, more than
three times the aiio of Great Britiiin.
Population, 690,000. Number of Medical
men, 1300. No one can practise Medi-
cine or any of its braDchea withontpoasesB-
ing tha liceow of the California State
Society. All regular Graduntas of reapect-
Bble American and Foreign Universities
and Colleges are entitled to receive this
licence without undergoing any Examina-
tion. The Board of Eiamlners o( the
State Society Tcqairo an Eiaroination to
be passed on all Medical aotyects by Under-
graduates wiahing to practise in. tlie State.
In the case of persons wishing to practise
as Homosopathic or Eclectic pEyaiciflnB,the
Examinations must be passed before the
Medical Examining Boards of the Cali-
foriua Stalfi Homccopathic Medical Society
in the one caae, and the California State
Eclectic Medical Society in the other cbsc.
All the Eiaminers on these three Boards
must take oath before a District or County
Judge that they are regular Gnidnatea of
regular constituted Mrfical Colleges, and
that they will pL-rform the doties of their
office with honour and integrity,

The fallowing are the Medical Colleges
isf this SUtc :

' SAN FRANCISCO

Lntely formed the MlmIIcsI department of
the University of the Pacific (orRaniaed
in 1858), and now forma the Medical
departmeDt of the Univerait; College,
popularly known as the " City College,"
from its location in the heart of (ho
City of Snn Fmnctsco (116, Haight Street).
This School has a full corps of Pro.
fessora, and possesses ample means for
Clinical Instruction. The Fees are. Matri-
culation Five Dolhirs, Professors' Fees,
130 DoUarr, Qradnatiou, forty Dollars,
Demonstrators' Ticket, Tea Dollars. The
requirements for Graduation are as fol-
lows: — 1, The candidate mast bo twenty-
one years of age. 2, He inasC lisre
attended three full Courses of Medical
Lectures, one of which must have been
delivered in this Inititntion. 3. He maat
have attended at least one Conrse of Prac-

tical Anatomy in the diBBCcting ronm. 4-
Hf must write a Thesis on some Medical
subject, and submit the same to the Faculty
two weeka prior to the com meat.' em ent-
6. He must undergo an Examination before
the Faculty. Gradualea from other Medical
Colleges desiring to he admitted to ihc ad
eundein Degree are reqnired to present
satisfactory testimoniula of character and
Professional standing, to submit to a Pcuc-
ticfll Examination, and to pay a Fee of
Fifty Dollars.

II. — USTVKBam OP CiLIFOEKIA Medi-

iL POLLEQB (called TOLAMD MeDI-

OAL COLLESB)

Has a, fiill corpa of Professors and ii
Demonitrator of Anatomy (a Graduate o(
the Univeralty). The requirements for
Qradoatiaa and the Fees are the same aa
those of the City College, except that fiBO
Courses of Practical Anatomy are required
instead of one.

COLO&iJ)0

This territory hns an area of 104500
aquare miles, and a population of 39,900.
There are about seventy Medical men ill
the State, principally to be found in the
town of Denver. Free trade eiists in
Medicine, and there are [io Meiiiual
Schools. .

COLUMBIA

This District has a popnlatiou of 132,000,
and about 330 medical men, chicHy in
Washington and Georgetown. There is
free trade in Mediciuo. The following are
the Uniiersitiea of the District :

WASHINGTON

Was organised in 18B0. The Faculty
consists of twelve Profe^ors, a Demon-
atrator of Anatomy, and a Prosector (all
Graduates).

QKNEBAL BULEfl FOB SBABDiTIOK

1. The candidate must be of good moral
chiiractcr, and twenty-one years of age.

2. He must have atadied Medicine not
less than three years, during vrbich be
shall have Httcntled three full Courses of
inatniction, delivered in some recognised
Medleiil School, the last of which shall
have been in this Institution.

[He must have Died a aatisfaetory certi-
ficate of having studied Medicine for at

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND FBlCnCE

least tliTeo yanTs nnder a regular Orsdnntej
or Liceatiate and Pructitiuncr of Medi-
cine, ia {^d stnncliiig, using tlie word
"regular" in the sense caminoiilj under-
stood in the Medical Profession. No can-
didate shall he eligible far Fioal Eumi-
nation for Qroduation unless his term ol
three years shall have been completed,
II eipire

k

shall expire at a date not later than three
months after the dole of the Final Ex
nation. TiU clause ia take effect at
after the Seiihn of 1879-80.]

3- He must have attended at least two
Coarats of Practical Anatomj, aud
Courses of Clinical Instmction-

4. Uo must have submitted to
Faculty nn ucceptublu Thesis, in liis
handwriting, on some Medical subject, and
mast have Babseqneiitlf passed a satis
factory Examination.

FBEB BOB tSE WllTTKS BB98IOB

DDllnn.
For the full Coorso of Lectures 100
MatricuIatioQ . . . . S
Demonstrator .... 10
Gradufltiou .... 80
Single Ticket .... 15

Payment of Fees is required at tli
coitimeQcemeat of the Session-

The Army Medical Museum, which i
one of the best eiiatiug collections of
Pathological and Anatomical specimcna, is
cloae to this School.

II. — MEDlCiLDBPiBTMENTOPCoLTmBIA
U(iIVBK6!TY (otherwise called the Hi-

iiovAL Medical Colleoe)

Was organised in 1825, and has ten
Professors, besides a Demonstrator and a
Prosector of Anatomy, a Demonstrator of
Physiology, and D Demonstrator of Patho-
logical Histology (all Graduates).

BBIliriBKltBKTE

1. Candidates for the Degree of Doctor
of Medicine must have attended three
Courses of Lectures, the subjects to be
arranged as follovs

Firti yeuJ-.— Anal
mistry, and Mater:
Anatomy and Histology.

Second, year. — Anatomy, Physiology,

lemistry, mid Materia Medica, Practice
of Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics,
Histijiogy, Practical Anatqmy, Clinics.

EKamination at the en^ of second year
Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, and
Materia Medics.

Third, year. — Practice of Medicine, Snp-

gery. Obstetrics, aod Pathologicnl His-
tology. Clinical Medicine and Surgery.
Fiaal Examination at the eud of this

2. Stodents of otlier Institutions who
hare attended one Course of Lifcturcs in a
regular Medical School, will be placed
upon the same footiug with those who
have attended one Coarse in this College;
and those who have attended two Coarses
of Lectures in some other regular College,
or Colleges, will rank with thoee who
haie attended two Courses in this In-
stitution, and tho same privileges as
regards eiauiinalion will be extended to

3. Candidates for Qraduation mast have
studied Medicine three years, or the term
of three years' study must be completed nt
a date not exceeding three months Oifter
tho period of the Final Examination.
They must he of good moral character, and
at least twenty-one years of age.

Satisfactory eridenoe tlint the above
conditions Lave been complied with aast
bo furnished hy writteo certificate from
some regniar physician in good standing,

4. The candidate shall have dissected at
least two sessions, and have attended tivo
Courses of Clinical instruction.

6. One mouth before the close of the
Session he shal! enter his name with the
Dean of the Faculty as a candidate for
Graduation, and deliver to him an In-
aagural Thesis upon some Medical BtitHeot
written in his own handwriting. (The
Examinations to which he will ho sub-
mitted are held in March and Septem-
ber of each year. The Diplomn ia only
granted at the auaual commencemeut in
March.)

The entire expense for a fnll
Course of Lectures by all the
Professors is .

Single Tickets ....

Practical Anatomy, hy the De-
monstrator ....

Matriculating Fee, payable only

Graduating Expenses

The student is required to pay t _

only for t!ie ticket of Each ProfeM

ccEcding attendance \sftee ofexpan

No charge will be made for the Coui

of Practical Instruction in the Labo

on Chemistry, Physiology, and 1

for Clinical Lectures.

NORTH AMERICA.

147

tho

of tho

By virtue of a liberal endowment from
Mr. W. W. Corcoran, thia CoUega is ea-
abled to oQer six free Scholarships, wliich
are nndcr tbo superviaioD of the Catutn-
binn UniTeraity. All applicants for the
privilagM of this endowment niast pco-
dnco a certificnte from the authorities of
the University tliat they have been fitted
by previous edncation for tba study of
Medicine, and muet Bubmtt themselves to
the Class Examinations and graded Course
of etady.

t HOWABS

Eae seven Professors and three Le
tnrers. In this Inststatian instraction
given regardless of sex or coloor. The Course
consists of Lectures, and daily Clinical
instruction at the Freedmau'a Oenerul
Hospital and Asylum, situated within the
gronnds of the Institution. The Fees
arc: — Matricalation, FivoDollRcsj Lecture
Tickets, 100 Dollars; and Graduatii
Twenty-five Dollnrs. The requirements for
Graduation are three years' study of Medi-
cine, and attendance upon three Courses
of Lectoces at some recognised Medical
School, testimonial of good moral cha-
racter, and a nrittcn Examination before
the Faculty upon all the seven Medical
branches.

COHNECTICDI

PopuUtion, 650,000. Number of Medi
cal mea in the State, TOO, or tbereabout.
There is a State Medical Society, organised
in 1855, nbieh does not exercise much
control over Medical practice, in <
queace of which the State is overrun with
nnqualiScd practitioners. The tolloning

III tAe only Medical University :
1 NEW HA\-EN

Yale College Medical Fncnlty is in every
respcc t a first- class ScbooL It was opened
in 1S13. and in 1832 the class nambered
ninety-three, bnt has tincc diminished in
nuralwr to thirty-two, owinf{ to tlie want
of encouragement it received from the
antborities, wbo did not ujipreciate the
value of having- in their midst a Medical
College which wai an honour to the State.

The Course of study is divided into tivo
I in each year, a Spring and a Winter
The former commences in March,
continues for sixteen weeks. The

latter commences in October, and closes in

Febmary.

The Museum contains a large colleotion
of natural and morbid specimens, nnmerons
casts, plates and models of elegant execu-'
and an extensive cabinet of Materia
cB, all of which are made practically
nsefnl in illustrating the aabjects taught.
The Libraries of the University and the
Cabinets of Mineralogy, Geology, Palaion-
tology. Osteology, and Zoology, which are
of unsurpassed excellence, are also open
for the instrnction of students.

New Haven offers special advantages
to Medical students for tho pursuit of
Zoology, Comparative Anatomy, Botany,
and other co^ate studies, luder dis-
tinguished toachers, in conn
ShefBcld Scientific School.

nEQCtfiEUGKTS FOIL A SEQBEE

Every candidate must be twentj-'Ono
years of age, and of good moral character i
must have spent at least one continnons
year at this School, and have passed the
required Examinations in all the studies of
the three years' Course.

No Theses are required for Graduation j
but Theses or Monographs embodying' re>
suits of original research, and of mnrlced
excellence, will be honorably mentioned,
and may be commended for publication in
the Transaetions of the Connecticut Medi-
cal Society or elsewhere.

EXAUINATIOIJS

The Board of Examiners consists of the
Faculty, and an equal number of the
Members of the Connecticut Medical So-
ciety appointed by the President and
Fellows of the same. The President of
the Society is ex-officio President of the
Board.

Examinations, chiefly in writing, will he
held at the end of each year to determine
the standing of students with reference to
their advancement to the atndies ct tho
succeeding year.

Final Examinations in the Elementary
branches will be held at the end of the
second year of study, and in the pruotical
branches of Medicine at the closa of the
third year.

" ' ■ the fact that an exact period

MEDICAL BDOCATION' AND fRACTICE

or required study i,

of tlir

alta'minciita of Btndeuti, nnd thnt tlie Da\j
trne teel ia the quality of tlie Eiamina-
tiouB; therefore, students nbo are Gm-
dnule) ia Scicni^e or Arts, nnd who hy
euperior abilitiea have made distingniBhed
proficiency in their etadica, may, at the
discretion of the Faoultj', be admitted to
tile E»arainBtion for Degrees, after two
years of study, the last: of which munt
iiave heea io this College.

Cuodidates for fiuul Eiamication mast
notify the Dean in writing of their in-
tention not less ttian one month prior to
the time when the Examination ia to be
held.

No student can receive his Degree until
he haa passed a tatiifactorj Examination
in. all the subjecta named in the annual
anuonncements of the year of hiB connec-
tion with the College.

When the graded Courso of Instruction
is folly established, and those who enter
the College after the pahlleation of this
circalar beconio eligible for Oradnation,
it is intended to hold Eiaminations for
' Oradnation only at the elid of the year in
Jnne ; bnt for those now connected with
the College, and whose time of study will
expire at the end of the Winter term,
Examination will be held in January
February, as heretofore.

Mati'icnlation Fco (unnually)
Tuition Fee, for one year . . 2
Incidentals of Laboratory .
Demonstrator's Ticket, including

mattrlal

Gradaation Fee ....

If the annnnl toitioc Fee is paid in two
payments, 120 Dollars mnst be paid for
the tint term, and Eighty Dollars for the
second. Students who have attended aijd
paid for two foil years will be entitle"
attend the third year for 100 Dollars,
in two payments, Sijtj Dollars for the
firBb term and Forty Dollars "
second.

DAKOTA

ipiilatiun, 14,180. Number of MedJeul

' DELAWARE

Population, 125,200. Number of reg
Medical men, about 180. No person wlth-

t a licence or ccrtifieate from the Board
__ Examiners, consisting of Fellows of
the Medical Society of Delaware, Can
practise as a Medical Practitioner, nnLeas
.n actual practice in this State
before February 4, 1832, or resides in, and
is regalarly admitted to praetile in some
other State of the Union. Any one who
violates this law will he Sued from Fiftj
to 1000 DoUara.

There is no Medical Univeralty in this
State,

FLORIDA

Population, 160,000, Number of Mcdi-
i1 men, about 250. Area of State, SS,268
square miles.

The conditions for Medical practice

I.— A Diploma from eoine Medical Col-
lege niiiflt be lodged with the clerk of the
Court of the county in which the
applicant wishes to reside.

II. — Or a certiflcate must be filed at
the Bame office, signed by at least two
practising PhysioiniiB residing in this
State, who ate regular Gradnates of some
Medical College.

IIL— Or a certiBcBl« must be filed at the
same office, signed by a Professor of a
Medical College, showing thnt the pcraon
who haa received the cevtifleatc has
attended one Conrse of Lectures in some
Medical College; and also a certiQcatc from
a Physician.

There is no Medical College in this State.

OEOHOIA

Area, 58,000 square miles. Population
1,200,000, HumberofMedical men about
ItiOO. The conditiona for practice in this
State are as follows i

I. — A Board composed of PbyaiciaJU
chosen from the State mnst examine all
who wish to practise in the State, and,
if aatiailed with their knowledge, grant
them licensca to practiae.

II.— All who already hold Diplomas
from any Georgian or other respectable
College are allowed to practise if they
regialcr,

HI.— The Fee for the licence by Di-
ploma is I'ivo Dollars, and by Eiaraina-
tion, Twenty .five Dolliirs.

IV. — Any person who shall practise
Surgery, or in any manner prescribe f«

NORTH AMERICA

■ T

the core of Diaeasei for Fee or reward,
ia violstiou of tlie provisioua of this kv,
:a liahle to indictment, and, ou convic-
tion, to a Sue not s;iceediug 500
Dollars for tlie firEl offenco. nml for the
second, to imprboDLQent not exceeding
Two Months.
The foUon-iog are the Qeoi^ian Uedical

ATLANTA

The Medical College wu orgmilaGd ia
1855, and ia a Member of the Auoeiatioo
of American Medical Colleges, in coofor-
mitj with whose Articles of Confedera-
tion it grants Degrees. Tlie Fees are —
Matriculntion, five Dollnrs j Lecture
Ticltefc!, I'iitj Dollars; Anatomy, Tea
Dollars J Gradualion, Twentj-eve DoIIkcs.

■ AUGUSTA

P The Medical College of Georgia, other-

I wise called the Medical Department of
the University of Georgia, was funnded
at Angosta in 1S32, and ia, therefore,
the oldest Medical Institution in the
State. There ate Eli^rea Profeaanra, a
Demouetnitar, and eevcral assiatanti.
Clinici are giveu at the Cit; Hoapitol,
which is upon the grouuils of the College,
and under the control of the Faculty. A
Medical Library and Museum are open
to the students. The reijitiremeuta for
Graduation are as Tollowa, vii. ; — 1. Two
fnll Catuses at some recognised Medical
School. 2. Three years' atudy of the Pro-
fession with a regular Qradaate. 3. An
EiamtnstioD, before the Faculty, upon the
seven Medical branches. 4. The payment
of the usual Fee. The writing ofa Thesis
is optional. The Pees for attendance oq
Lectures und QtadoatioD are aa follows ;—
Professor's tickets, 105 Uallsra; Matricu-
lation Fee, Five Dollars; Practical Ana-
tomy, Ten Dollars; Digdoma, Thirty

, DDllar.'.

^P SAVANNAH

The Charter for this Medical CoUefie wi
granted in 1S36, but it was not organised
unta 1858. The Faculty of this College
have imanimously adopted the Articles of

I Conftde ration of the " Aiueriuau Medical
^OUeei' Association," and official corrui-
■ondenco baa already been iuaiiguvatcil,
[

Member of the Asaeeiation, <

bequibbub:(ts fi

I OBABUATION

1. The candidnte mast produce satis-
factory evidence of good moral character,
and of having attained the age of twenty-
one years.

Z. He must file a antisfactory certifi-
cate of having atndied Medicine for at
least three years, under s reguhir Gra-
duate, or Licentiate and Practitioner of
Medicine, in good standing.

S. He mpet file the proper official evi-
dence that, during the abOTC-mentionod
three yean, he has Matriculated at aome
affiliated College or Colleges far Two
regular Seaaions, and iti the coaree of the
same has attended two full Coacsea of
inbtrtiction ou Anatomy, including Dis-
sections, Fhyaiotogy, Chemiatry, Materia
Medics and Therapeutics, Obstetrics,
Surgery, Pathology, and Practice of
Medicine.

4. He must pass a. personal Eiamina-
tion before the Faculty in all seven of
the branches of Medicioe mentioned in
Article 3.

5. He must have paid in full nil CoUceo
dues, including the Graduation Fee.

CHABOEB

For Course of Lectures . . 50 00

For Single Ticket , . 10 00

Matricuhition (paid once only) . 5 00

DomonatratoHB Ticket . . . B OU

Diploma 30 00

ILLINOIS

Population of state, 2,550,000. Number
of Medical men, 4tiU0. Anyone who can
prodnco a Diploma from any recognised
Medical College in the United States or
any other civilised country, or who bus
prictiaed Medicine in this State in a re-
spectable manner for ten years prior to
the passing of the Act, may receive the
licence to practise from the State Board cT
Health ; otherwise he mast pass an Einnii-
nation on all brunches of Medicine befuru
the Hoard. The following ace the Ueilto '
Colleges in the St«t« :

UEDICAL BDtrCATIOH AND FEACTICE

^^^CoU

CHICAGO
I.— BamrBTT EotBCiro Mkdioal
College
WsB organised in 18S8.

BSQCIBITIB FOB OBiSlTATlOK

The oBodidHte must bo tventj-oi
;eiiB of agp, and possess a good uiotsI
clinracter. He mnsl hnre been cngngeil
in the study of Medleluo at least tbree
jears previous to tbe date of Graduation,
■nd must have attenilad not less tlian two
Couries of Lectures, tbe last of which
mast bave been in tbia College. Written
or other documentor; evidence of these
facts must be presented to the Dean with
the application. He niuat have dissected,
and, previoas to Graduation, must austflin
a satiBfactorj' and honorable Examiuation
in every department.

UEB

Toition Fee, inolading all depart-
ments 60 00

Hatticnlatian Fee , . 5 00

Demonsti'Btai'g Ticket, including

mBterial 10 00

Graduation Fee . . . 25 00

Scholarahips, entitling the purchaser to
attend ns man; terms aa be may choose,
can bo had for 100 Dollars,

All Fees are payable in advance, hut tbe
Graduation Fee will be returned in ease
the candidate is unaocceasful or desires to
withdraw. Gradaatea of this College and
of other regularly organised and chartered
Uediml CoUegea, in good standing, will
be admitted to the full Courac of Lectures
on payment of the Matticnlation Fee of
Five Dollars.

Otherwiae called Chicago Medical College,
baa sixteen Professors, one adjunct Pro-
fessor, and a Demonstrator of Anatomy.
Tiie Courses of study are arranged accord-
ing to the different plans, one to sitit
atadenta attending for two, and one to
anit those attending for three joars. The
tbree-Courae plan "ia recommended," but
the two-Course plan " is permitted." In
either case the atndiea are to arranged as
not to be repeated, and the students are
examined at the end of each Course.
Clinicnl Instruction is given at Me rev
Hospital. This College is n Member of
tbe Association of American Medical
Colleges,

EKqtrrBEiiBsTa fob a
All applicanta for admission are re-
quired to poeseas a tborongh knowledge of
the common branohea of English edaca-
tion, including the Grit series of Matiie-
matiCB and tbe Elements of tbe Natoral
Sciences.

COBBITIOKa

The candidates must present evidence
of the following qualifications : — 1. Oood
moral obanirter. 2. Three yeara' study.
3. Age, twenty-one years oc over. 4.
Dissection, Uoapital attendance, and two
or more Courses of Lectarea, of which the
last must be at this College. 6. Mast
pass tbe regular Examination. 6. Mast
deposit with the Recording Secretary, by
February lat, a ealiifactory Thesis, 'stu-
dents from other Colleges most also deposit
certiScatea as to qualiBcation No. 4.

Lecture Fees for the College year . 75 00
Practitiouera' Course . . . 30 00
Graduation Fee . . . 30 00

Registration Fee . . . , S 00
Demonstrator's Ticket . . . 5 00
Laboratory Tiotiet . , . 5 00
Hospital Ticket . . . . 6 00
All Fees must bo paid in advance to
the Ilegistrar, Students who Iiavo paid
for two full Coursea o( Lectures are on- ~
titlod to attendance upon subsequent
Courses free.

IIL— RuBK Mkpicil Coixbob
Was founded In 1842, and is consequently
one of tbe oldest Colleges in the West.
The magnificent College buildinga were
totally destroyed by fire on October 9th,
1871. A new building is now erected, ad-
joining tbe grounds of tbe new county J
Hospital. This College is a Member of ■
tbe AsBoeiation of American Medics! I
Colleges. "

Tbe following arc the requirementiS for
the Degree of Doctor of Medicine :

1. The candidate must be tiventy-one
years of age, and must give satisfactory
evidence of posaeesing a good moral char-
actor, with snch primary education as ia
clearly requisite for a proper standing
with tha public and tbe profession.

2. He mast have pursued the study of
Medicine three years, and bave attended
at least two full Courses of Lectures, of
which the first one may have bpen In
some other recognised Medical CoUege,
and the last in tbia institution. The Iiec-

NOBTH AMEBIC^

turei of the spring t«rm cannot be reck-
oned as "a CouTM o( Lectures"
reqairoment.

3. He mast have attended CliniCHl
instruction during at least odb College

4. He most hare pursued the study of
Practical Anatomy, ouder the direction of
the Demonstrator, and to the extent c'
having dissected each region of the body.

5. fie inuit bavo taken ons Course i
Practical Chcmistrj, under the direction
of tbe Professor of Chemietry.

6. He must notify the Secretary of the
Facalty of bis intention to become a can-
didate, depositing tbo amonnt of the
Graduation Fee n-ith the Treasurer, on (
before the 20th day cJ January. In ca
the candidate fails to Graduate, the Fee
returned

7. Eveij candidate must undergo a full
id satisfactory written or oral Eiami-

I

:actory
naoon on eacb branch tangbt in tbi
College.

VXSB

Uoilui
Matriculation Fee . . . 5 00
Lecture Fees for the Coaree . . 75 00
Admission to the Dissecting Boom,
(material at cost) tickets to be
issued nnly to holders of the
General Ticket . . . 6 00

, Pee for Practical Chemistry (che-
micals used at coat price} . . G 00
Oraduation Fee . . . . 30 00

From Alumni of this College, and from
'iti atndents who hare paid into its tres'
the price of two full Conrses of LeC'
tures, the Hatriculatiuu Fee ouly (Five
Dollars) will be oipocted. From Alumni
of other respectable Medical Colleges tbo
Matriculation Fee and one half Lecture
Fee will be required.

Tbe College year commences ill March.

Was established in 1670. CUnies nio held

at tbo County Hospital and the Woman**

Hospital. The Fees are— Matriculation,

Five Dollars! Lectures, Fifty Dollflrsj

DemoDstrator'a Fee, Five Dollars; Cook

Coontj Hospital Ticket, Five Dollars ;

Women's Hospital Fee, Five Dollars ; Qra-

doation Fee, Twenty DoUats. This College

^^lis Member of the Association of American

HWedical Collcgei, and grants Degrees in

^fnnformity with the Articles of Con-

t__

INDIANA

I'opulation nearly 2.000,000. Number
of Medical men, 3700. There are no
laws to protect tbe public from the gross
quackery which is carried on with impanity
in this State. The foUowiag are the
Medical College! i

EVANSVILLE
The Medical College at Evansvitle is a
Member of the Association of Amcriciju
Medical Colleges, in conformity with whose
Articles of Confederation it grants De-
grees. It possesses a Medical Library and
Museum. Tbe Fees are— Coarse Tickets,
Fifty Dollars; Matricuhition, Five Dollars;
Anatomy. Five Dollars; Graduation,
Tiventy-fiva DoUars,

INDIANAPOLIS
I. — BdtiiBb UKiTSBBiir Medical

Facdltt
Otherwise called tbe MetUcal College of
Indiana, was organised in 1960. There
are eleven Professors in tbe Medical
F.iculty, and nearly one hundred students
attended the last Sessiou. There are good
Laboratories (in conjunction with the
College of Physicians and Snrgeons), n
good Museum, and an Osteological Cabinet.
This Medical College is a Member of the
American Association of Medical Colleges,
and grants Degrees according to the
' rticlea of Confederation.

The eipenses for the Coarse are as fol-
lows — all Fees except the Graduation Fee
being invariably payable in advance :

DoUus.

MatricnlatioQ Fee . . , . 6 00

Laboratory Ticket . . . . 6 00

•Professors' Tickets . , 40 00

Demonstrator's Ticket . , 5 00

Qradnation Fee . . . . 26 00

The Matriculation Fee must be paid at

tho beginning of each Session, by every

student who proposes to pursue ony study

', this College, as a. requisite Pretimiuaty

entering upon such study. The only

lemptions from this rule are Oraduatei

of this College and candidates for Grodua-

' in thereat.

The Fees for optional partial Courses
will be at the rate of Fire Dollars for each
department of instruction.

jidDiiH witta Ills loIioD lii1»u bj liie

CDlleiti qF Ibe Wetl mid BDuUi-wnt upoa lUe lub-
icol Dt Fm, the Fee for FnilCnon' lickcU in lliii
CiilLi[svill, inerlho EHncnt reir, bt SeTeuiy-B>E

MEDICAL BDUCATION AND PRACTICK

\

Tlie Grudnutioa Fee of Tweutyfive
DolUn is pajHbla in advance of Oradua-
tiOD b; euch candidate for the Degree of
Doctor of Medicine.

Oriuluat«8 of this College nre admitted
free of clmrge to nil the DiiVictic and
Clinicnl Iiecturcs thereof.

GradnatM of other regolar Schools, who
maj hnve Graduated three jears before the
cloie of n given SesBion, will be admitted,
on payment of the MatrleulRtioa t'eei to
■II the Didactic and Clinicul LuctoreB of
laoh Seinon.

NoreductioDB or reiniseionB of the above
Feea will be granted iiiwii any grounda
whntever.

I IL — Thb Cotr.EOB 03 PHiaiCIABS ABB
Sdhobonh
Is B very flourishing inatitntion, and baa
nine ProfeuoTj. The requireoieiits for
Oradnntion are :— 1. Two fnll Conraea at
Eome Medical Sirlionl, the latter at this
School. 2. Three jears' gtady of Medi-
cine witli a regular Graduate. 3. An
Einmination before the Faculty on the

i leven main branch ea of Medicine. 4.
Payment of Feea.

IHDIAN TEEHITOBY

Tliia portion of the United States has
1 Medkal Institution, and there ia free
trade in Medicine.

IOWA

The papuliitioD of tliia State ia nearly
Z,0O0,0O0, and tbere are about 1000 Medi-
cal men. There are no laws respecting
the practice of Medicine. The following
ara tlie Medical Collies :

IOWA cirr

The MEDiciii DEPiniMzNT of Iowa
. Staib Usiteksitt
Waa organised in 1870, and cousiata of
ten Profcsanrs, and ' a DemaHBtrator of
Anatomy. Students of both sexea are ad-
mitted to the Lectures. A new Hospital
building haa been erected within the
gronnda of the University at which Clinical
Inatruction will be given. Tbe Clinical
laboratory ia open six honla daily. The
Fees are — Mataieolation, Five DoUarg;
Lecture Ticket, Twenty Dollars; Demon-
strator's Fee, Ten Dollars; and Gradnn-
tion Fee, Twcnty.five Dollars. This Col-
lege is a Member of tbe Association of
American Medical CoUegea, and grants

Whs organised in 1849. There arc nine
Profeasora in the Faculty.

Gradoatea "of thia and other regular
Schools of Medicine are admitbed to all
Lectures upon payment of the Uatricula-
tion Fee. Female stndenta admitted upon
the same torma as males.

For the entire Conrae of Instrnc-

tion 20 00

Matriculation Ticket , . . 5 00
Demonstrator's Ticiiet . . . 6 00
Hospital Ticket . . . Gratuitous.
Grndustion Fee . ■ . . . 30 00

nEqtriBKMENTS soft GBABTJATION

Each student is required, at the opeuing
of the Session, to pay the Fees and pro-
cure the ticketc. Candidatca for Gradua-
tion — 1. Must ho twenty-one years of age,
and preseut testimonials of good moral
character. 2. Must have attended two
full Courses of Medical Lectures in all tba
departments, the laat at the College of
Physicians- «md .Surgeons, at Keokak. 8. ,
Must present a certidcate of having itndied
Medicine three years, including Leeturo
tcrma. 4. Must notify the Doan at least
sii weeks before the close of the Session
of Ills or her intention to become a candi-
date fur Gradoation, accompanied by the
Fee. No Theiis required^ but moat prcient
satisAictory evidence of literary quaiillca-
tion. 5. Must pass a satisfactory Exami-
nation in the Institution, either written or
oral, at the discretion of the Faculty. '

There nre no KlcUicnl Institutiona in
this State, and any one may practise who
liliea. The popnlation is 400,000, and the
number of Medical men aboat 9S0.

KENTUCKY

This State haa a population of 1, 360,000,
and there are 2500 Medical men. No
person is allowed to practise Medi
any of it« brnncbes. Unless sneh person haa
pmcUeed respectably and honorably tm
ten years previous te the 23rd of Pebrnary,
1874, or holds tbe eerHfloate ot " ■"

i

NORTH AMEEICi,

158

diatrict Medical EiamiDiag Bonrde, after a
SDitiBftLctor; BliamiDatioa, unless tlie person
be a Gradimte of eomo Medical College of
repute. Each violutiau of the eaid law
Eubjects tlie offender to FJI'ty Dollars fine
for the Srat offence, and 100 DoUarB
for each Eubseqnent offence, the latter
with imprUonment. The Bonrds are com-
posed of five regular Physicias in each
judicial diatrict, and hold their commla-
aioDS for four yearg.

■ LOUISVILLE

m I. — LOlrlBTIIJ.E UoEFITAE MESIOAL

P CoiJ,EOB

Is a MeinbeT of the Association of
American Medical Colleges, and grants
Degrees in accordance ivitli the Articles of
Confederation.

II. — LODISTTLLB MmiOAi. ComxoB
Waa organised in 1869, and haa tea
Froferaon.

Matriculation Fee .

Professors' Tickets.

Dissection

(Iraduiition .

Claas Contribution Fund

. 5 00
. 50 00
. 10 00
. 30 00
. I 00

This College is a Member of tbe Associa-
tioD of American Medical Colleges, and
grants Degrees according to tbe Articles of
' Confederation.

111. — LociaviLLE UnivEaeiTY Facclti

Wita organiafd in 1837, and has elglit
Professors, a DeoKNistratar, and three
assistants. The Fees are — Mutriculation,
Fiye Dollars; Profestors' Tiokota, Fifty
UoUars j Demonstrator's Ticket, Ten Dol-
lars; Hospital Ticket, Five Dcdlocs; and
Graduation Fee, Thirty Dolbirs. This
College is a Member of the Agsocintiait of
American Medical Colleges, and grunts
Degrees in accordance with the Articles of
Confederation.

F LOUISIANA

This State hoa a population of 800,000,
and there are 940 Medical men. "
person Is allowed to practise Medicine :
luenna of livetibood in any of its Depart-
ments in this State without first making
affidavit before a duly qnalified Juatico of
the Peace in the Parish wherein he resides
of hia having received tbe Degree
Doctor of Medicine from a rc^nlael; i
oorgocRled Medical Imtitntimi in America

Europe, end designating its name and
locality. The Justice brfore whom tbe
affidavit is made is required to furnish to
tbe person making it a certificate of the
fact, and also to transmit a copy of tlie
affidavit to the parish recorder, who shall
record the same in a book kept for tbe
purpose. For these servicea each officer
receiyes One Dollar. Persons who have
been practising Medicine for ten yeora
withoat B Diploma, and female Practi-
tionera of Midwifery, ore not obliged to
comply with these require nienta. The
Degree of Doctor of Medicine of Louisiana
University authorises the holder to prac-
tise Medicine in the State without moles-
tation.

new orleans
Tbe Ustvkesitt op Lohtbiaha Mbdioai

FiCULIY

Was organised in 1834. Tbe means of
teaching now at the command of tbe
Faculty are unaurpassed in tbe United
States, and are quite hb complete as those
of many of the renowned Schools of Me-
dicine abroad. There ia a fine Museum
and Library in connection with it. This
College is a Member of the Association of
American Medical Colleges.

BBQCnSllBa JOB GBAJinjTIOH

1. The candidate mast bo of good moral
character, aud have attained tbe age of
twenty-one years.

3. He must present a certiScateof having
studied Medicine for at least three years,
under the direction of a regular Qraduate
or Practitioner of Medicine of good stand-

3. He must have attended two com-
plete Courses of Lectures and Dissections
in a generally -recognised Medical College,
the last of which must have been in this
InstitntiDa.

4. He must nrile a Tbeais on a Medical
subject, and present it to the Dean one
month before the cloee of the Session.

5. Ho must pass a satisfactory Exami-
nation before the Faculty.

6. He most have paid in full all College
dues, including the Graduation Fee.

For tlie Tickets of all the Pco-

fessota

For the Ticket of Praclical Ana-
Matriculation ....
Grad notion in Medicine and
Surgery . . . ,

Dollan.

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE
UAIKE

The popalntion. of this SUtc is nbout
700,000, and there are nbont 830 Medical
men. No pcreon, eieept a Plijeieina or
Sorgeon who began to pracUae prior tn
Pebrnarj 16th, 1831, or has reeeived u
Medical Degree at a public Medical Inati-
tntion IQ the United Stntea, or a Licence
from the Ceosora of the Maino Medical
Society, sliall recover any compensation for
Medical or Snrgicul servicei, unlese, pre-
vionsiy to rendering anch aervicea. he lias
obtaiDcd a certifiijate of good moral cha-
racter froia the mnnicipal officera of
the tontt wliere ho then resided. Thus
runa the Maine Medical law on the
anbject of Medical practice. The foUow-
ing is the onl; Medical College:

BRUNSWICK

nowDoiir CoiXBGB Mkdksai: School
Otherwise Itnown aa Maine Medics
School, waa organised in 1S20. It has t
good Cabinet of Morbid and Comparativi
Anatomy.

TEBUS or LDHISBIOH

Candidates for MatricoUtion will he
required to give evidence that they poisesE
a good Eagliah edocation.

The Fees (or admigaioii to the severa
Conrsea of Lectures, pagahU Hrictli) ir
advance, and hi/ cath only, are Seventy-fivi
Dollara. Matricnlation Fee, payable each
term. Five Dollara.

Pnpilg who have attended two
Courses of Medical Lectures, one of which
bns been in this School, are admitted to all
subsequent Courses without payment of
any Lecture Fees.

Studenta who have attended two full
Courses at other regular Medical Insti-
tntioiiB, are required to pay Twenty-five
Dollars for admission to their flrat Course
of Lectures at this School, in addition tr
the Matriculation Fee.

The Graduation Pee, including thi
Diploma, is Tneaty Dollara.

No student will bs allomed to attend any
Conrte of Leotura in Hii* School viiihotti
the csrbjlcate of the Secrelari/. Members
of the Medical profeasion are cordially
innted to attend tbe Lectures at any

QraduatLS of other Schools, who hai
been engaged three years in the regoli
practice of Medicine, may receive n general
ticket upon present ition of their Diplomni
and payment of the Mntriciilatioii Fee.

Studcnta, and particularly candidates
<r a Degree, arc examined cither daily or
weekly on the suhjecta of the Lectures.
Especial attention ia directed to the fact
that Members of the Faculty, in each
department, hold ^ataitoos Eiaminntions
on specified evenings of each week, upon
the subjects of the Lectures.

The Faculty, believing; it to be deairable
for atudenta to pay especial attention to
the primary branches during the first
portion of their Coarse of atndy, in order
that they might be better prepared to
appreciate the more advanced subjetits in
the latter part, voted three years ago that
any student might present himself fbr
Elimination in Anatomy, Physiology, and
Chemistry (any or all), at the regularly
appointed time for Eiaminatian, provided
ho previously presented to the Secretary
satisfactory evidence that, at the close of
the current term, he had completed at
[east twelve months of actual study, and
had attended a ftill Coarse of Lecture* !n
this School. They, daring the last year,
voted additionally that any student may
present himself for final Einmination
in Materia Medica and Therapeutioi,
and in Obstetrics, at the regularly
appointed time for Examination, provid^
he previoaily presents to the Secretary
satiafiwtory evidence that, at the clo«e
of the cnrrent term, ho shall have com-
pleted at least two years of actual atndy
and have attended two Courses of Lectnrei,
the eecond of which musthavebeen in tbia
School. An oflicial record of the result of
the BuccesBral Examinations shall be kept
by the Secretary. The succcasfnl passage
of an Examination will not exempt a
studentfrom faitbfol attendance upon nny
exercises in aoy department during aufage-
qucnt Courses.

The Examinations for the Defcree of
Doctor of Medicine are held by the Faculty
of Medicine at the close of the Conrae of
Lectures. Degrees are conferred at com-
mencement.

The candidates rouat be twenty-one
years of age, and mnat have devoted three
years to their Professional studies under
the direction of n regular Practitioner of
Medicine. They must have attended two
full Conrsea of Leotnros in some regular,
incorporated Medical institution ; ttnd the
last Course, previous to Examination,
must have been at this School. They

NORTH AMERICA

must deposit with the Secretary of the
Facultj antufactory certificiteg of good
mornl chanictei*, and c>f liaving pursued
tlieir Mpdical studies for tlie required
term. Thoj toast also pass a satisfactory
nritteo and oral Exnminatian in Anatomy,
Plijaiolog-y, Surgetj, Chemiitry, Materia
Medica, PhBTmacy, Obstetrics, Patbology,
nud Practice. Tbey mast also presciil a
Thesis or Dissertatioa on loms Medical
subject, n fair copy of wbiili must be
deposited with the Secretary of the
Faculty at least ton days before the com'
meneement of the Examination at tbo
close of the Lecture*. These copies are
pteserred in the Medical Library,

HABYIABD

Population SOO.OOO. Number of Medi-
cal men in tbe State about 1300. Ail
licensed Medical mea resident in tbe State
constitute the "Medical Faculty of the
State of Maryland." All tbe Members of
the " Medical Faculty " who reside in
each district — each county beiog a district,
and the City of Baltimore a separate dis-
trict — constitute the Medical Society of
tbe district ; and this Society has the
aatliority to elect annoally a Board of
Examineri. The Board of Examiners in
tbe City of Baltimore district coniiats of
twelve, and ia every other diftrict of six,
respectable and regular Physicians, of
which number one half go out of oMce
each year. These Boards are empowered
to grant licenses to all such aa upon £i-
fttnioation are found t<i possess a correct
knowledge of Natural Philosophy, Chem-
istry, Anatomy, Physiology, Materia Me-
dica, TherapenUcs, and the Principles and
Practice of Medioinc, Sorgery.andObstet-
Irics, Every Medical man must renew his
rlieenBo annually at a cost of Five Dollars.
ENo ualicensed Physician or Snrgeon is
Fallowed to practise or receive pay for bia
iorvlcci, under a penalty of 100 Dollars
for each olTeticc. Neither thall an^ an-
licensed Physician or Surgeon practise in
the name or as the partner ofanotUer;
but a boni fide student of Medicine may
Biaist hia preceptor without subjecting
himself to tills penalty. No Pliysician
who reiidca out of this State is pertuitted
la practise in this State, nnlesi hesubjects
himself to the same penalties and regnla-
tious aa reudent Physicians ; but a regular
Uradaatc of a respectable Medical college
Id the United States, is not prohibited
a toniPK into this State to administer

Medicine or perform n eiivgical operation
when specially sent for.
Thri following arc the Medical Colleges :

BALTIMORE

I.— CoLLEOE o? pargiciiss amd
Sdboeovb
Has twelvo Pcofessorsj seven assiatnnti,
and n Demonitrator of Anatomy. The
building has spacious, well-furnished lec-
tnro roomf, which are supplied with
plates, driiwitiga, models, casta, spociraens
of Morbid Anatomy, lie. Tbo reqairc-
ments for Gcadnation are tbe same as
(hose insisted upon by tbe Association of
American Medical Colleges, although this
College is not a Member of that body.
The Fees ace :— MatriouUiiOQ. Five Dol-
lars i Professors' Tickets, 120 Dollars ; De-
monstrators' Fee, Tern Dollars ; Graduation,
Twenty Dollars. Although a very young
institution, being founded in 1874, the
College is in a very nourishing condition.

II. — Maetiaitd Unitsbbiti Mbdioae
Faototy
Was organised in 1833. Clinical instrnc-
lion is given at the University Hospital,
adjoining which tbe Faculty have recently
erected a commodious building, with ac-
commodation for twcnty-foDr resident
pupils. The Fees are : — Matriculation,
Five Dollars i Lecture Tictet, 126 Dol-
lars; Anatomy, Ten Dollars; aud Gradua-
tion, Twenty Dollars. Residi?nt students
are charged 100 Dollars per annum.
A candidate for the M.D. Degree must
have attended two years of Lectures in
this School, together with Clinical work
in Hospital for the same period ; must
adduN evidence of attendance during one
Winter Session on Practical Anatouiy j
most present a Thesis of bis oh-u compo-
sition; and must be examined upon nil
Medical subjects before tbo Faculty.

III. — WiaHINOTOK UuiyBMiTT Mbdicu
FiCULTT

Has connected with it tbo Washington
University Hospital. The requirements
for Gradnatiou arc the same as at Mary-
land University Faculty. The Feesare; —
Matriculation, Five Dolbirs ; Lectnre and
Hospital Tickets, Sixty-five Dollars;
Graduation Fee, Twenty Dollars,

KASSACHUSETS

Tlie popnbition of this State ia nearly
2,000,000, and there ate about 2100 Medi-

UHDICAL BDDCUIOS AND PRACTICE

cbI men, There is free trade in Medicine,
in coniequencc of wliidi tbe coantrj is
oivrrau witii quKCl;a. Ttie following are
Uie Uediol Colleges :

Wus CBtjiblialjca at Boston in 17S2.
All Medicsl cliuses nre conilacted at the
Faculty Buildings in liuaton, and the Arts
Courwa ot the University, at Cambridge.
In the aubjecta of Anntom;, Histology,
Chemistry, and Pathologitail Atiatoitiy>
Laboratory work ia eobstituted for the
niual Didaetie LectDro!, and ia &g much
required as attendiince at Lectures. Clini-
cal Lectures are given at the Massachn-
setta General Hospital and the City Hob-

BKQtIlBlTRS FOB ASUieSIOir

All candidates for admis-iiaD, excepting
tboae who have passed an EUaminat^ou for
ailoiission to Uarrard College, must pre-
sent B Degree in Letters or Science from a
recogniaed Callage or Scientific School, or
paaa an Eiamioation, OD the M^Onday pre-
ceding the lust Weduesdny in Juno or
September at 10 a.m., in the following
subjects ;

1. Latia. — The translatjon of easy Latin
prose, French or German will be accepted,
however, as a aubstitote for Latin.

2. Phyiiet. — Candidates will be required
to show such a knowledge of this subject
ai may be obtained from Balloiir Stewart's
Elementary work on Fhyaica.

The EiaminaUoDB will be coaducted in
writing! and, in judging the work of the
candidate, the spelliug, grammar, and con-
straction will be considered.

Graduates in Medicine will cot be re-
quired to pass this Exammation on joining
the School.

First year. — Anatomy, Physiology, and
General Chemiatry.

Second year. — Medical Chemistry, Mate-
ria Medica, FathologicBl Anatomy, Clinical
Medicine, and Clinical Surgery.

Third gear. — Therapeutics, Obatetrioa,
Theory and Practice of Medicine, Clinical
Medicine, Surgery, and Clinical Sui^ry.

Soipilal Appointmenta.—Tvientj or
more stadents are selected annually for
Houao Officers of the varioua Hospitals.
Appointinenta to the Doston Lying-in
Hoepital ore fur a term of four months,

The regular Kiami nations are held in
the following order :

At the end of the Jlrat year. — Aiulonij.
Physiology, and General Chemistry.

At the end of the mcond year. — Mediul
Chemistry, Materia Modirn, and Patbo-
logical Anatomy.

At lie end of the third year. — Then-

Sotics, Obstetrics, Theory and Practice of
edioine. Clinical Medicine, Sargery, and
Clinical Surgery.

The regular Eiaminations are held tl
the end of each year in June ; and a week
before the opening of the School in Sep-
tember, on the stttdies of the preceding

No student shall be allowed to aoticipalt
the Examinations in the rGgular Courses!
studies of his year, except by special per-
mission of the Faculty. No atadent shal!
be allowed to present himself for Eiaoii-
nation in any branch, without notifying
the Dean hy letter that he intends to do
so, one month before the time when the
Eiamination is to be held.

The Examinations arc conducted maiolj
in writing. Ho student will j-eceive hir
Degree until he bos passed a satisfoctorf
ExnminatJon in all the above-men tjoned
subjects, and presented a certificate froni
the Demonstrator of Anatomy that he hi"
satisractorily dissected the three parts of
the body. Those who fail iu any subjed
may present themselves in that aabiMl
again at the npit regular Examination.

The Examinalioni for admUtio* an
held at the Medical School ia June snj
September, on the Monday preceding tin
last Wcdneaday in those months, at 10 a.m.

HTODEUra

Siudenla are divided into three olasKK
according to their time of study and prg-

Students may he admitted to adTHncfd
standing in the regular Course ; but all
who apply for admission into the aecoiil
or third year's class roust paas an Exami-
nation at the beginning of the year in tin
branoliea already parsned by the clsM It
which they seek admission, nnd faraiiba
satisfaetoryt certificate of time spent ia
Medical studies. No student shall advanc*
with his claaa, or he admitted to adTtseed

TbtJ

nsEi

a.iaiti0Di>for

llu»

Uddto

""■•

and taetum

idail

« ruttm Bf M

:'i^":^':LZ

ifOBld AMEBtCA

standing, QctU ha has pnsaed tlic requirod
EinminBtion in tbe etudies of tlie year,
or a raiyoritj of them ; nor shall he become
a Mpmbec of tlie tbird class until he has
pD«9cd dl tbe Eiaminationa of tbe lii'st, in
addition t^ a minority of those of the

Students ivbo do nob intend to offer
Ihcmeelvea for & Degree nilt, bowerer, be
received for unj portion of the Course.

An; student mny ohtsin, without bii Ex-
umioation, a eertiSente of liis period of
tonnection witli the School.

BEqniBElIEBIS FOB A OSOBEE

Every candidate muit be twenty. one
ycsrs of age, and of good moral character ;
muEb give evidence of having studied
MeiUcine three fnll years; have spent ut
least one continuous year at this School;
have presented a satiifiiotory Thesis ;
biiTO passed the required Exsminution

Theses of conspicuous merit are
tioued with honoar, or read, at the Uni-
versity Commencement.

Tbe Degree of Master of Arts is open t(
Graduates of the School who are alsi
Bachelors at Arts, and who pursue ai
approved Course of study in Mediciae foi
at least one yenr after taking tlic Degret
I of Doctor of Medicine.

• UBQASIES

The Library at the McdJcul College ii
open to tbe student on the deposit of Fivi
Dollars, bo be refnoded to him when h(
may desire, after returning all hooks.

The College Libiary at Cambridgi
is open to the ttudents of the Medical
Sehrol.

The Boston Public Library, which con-
tains a largo collection of Medical books,
■ may also be used by students recommended
Lj^y ihe Dean.

i For Matriculation, Five Dollars ; for a
year, 200 Dollars (if in two payments,
at (he Urst, 120 Dollars; at the second,
Eighty Dolki>); for a balf-;ear alone,
ISO Dollars; for Uradeation, Thirty Dol-
I l>ra.

Graduates of other Medical Schools may
' tain the Degree of M.D, at this Unlver-
;y after a year's study in tlie Graduates'
'se. Tbe required Examinations ma
i6 passed in such order as is dt'iiriid, bu
inly at the stated seasons. Tlie Fee for
lar is ZOO Dollars, for a half-year 12

II. — NbW EKOtiNB FkMILE COILEOE

Fees are — Matriculation, Five Dollars ;
;tu re Tickets, Seventy-five Dollars; and
Graduation, Thirty Dullars. The final Ex-
amination for the Degree cannot be held
until after tbe second Session.

VICKIQAS

The popnhition of this State is 1,300,000,

and there are about 2100 Medical men.

one may practise Medicine who likes,

the country ii inundated with qnauks.

The folloiving are the Medical Colleges :

ASS AKBOR
MiCHifliN UNiyBBaitr Mxniciii Faodltt
Was organised at Ann Arbor in 1850.
Fine opportuuiljes are offered for the
study of Chemistry, the Laboratory being
n separate bnlldi:ig, efficiently ventilated
by steam power, and provided with one
bundled and thirty-two tables. It is open
to students who have qualified in the
rudiments of Chemistry from October Ist
until June 30th, at an expense to each
itndent of the material actaally used by

him. Clin

e held ii

ir Hos-

pital upon the Univei
University possesses a hirge Medical Mu-
senm and Library, and is a Member of the
Association of American Medical Colleges.

Every candidate fur admission to the
Medical Department must be eighteen years
of age, and must present to the Faculty
eatisfaotory evidence of a good moral cha-

Unless already Qraduntesor Matrionlatcs
of the University or of some literary or
scientific College, oi Qruduatea oradvanced
MeroberBof some Academy or High School,
or unless holding certlQcatcs from some
public School Board, us bein^ properly-
qualified Teachers, or unless having oer-
tiflcates based upon an Eiamination of
some regular Medical Society as being
properly qualified to engage in the study
of Medicine, aU candidates must be ex-
amined as to their elementary education
and their fitness to enter tbe College and
pursue properly and prolitably tho study
of tho profrssiou. The Examination wiU
bo in writing, and will include an account
of tbe oandidates* educational advantages, '

I

nod nngwon npon aoch rjneations orAritli- 1
metic, Geognipli;, Hiitorj, Farin« of Go-
vernment, Mid current eTentt, as ihal*. .
sUov their practical ill Celligence i and piir-
ticnlarly will the; be required to correot
imperfect Engliab, go m to teit their
nbilit; to eiprcia ideaa correctly io
writing.

CONBlTtOHfl

Thoic condidatea preparing to Qraduate
&t the cloaa of their Second Coarse of Lee-
tarea uiaat announce their intention at the
beginning of th*t Course, in order to re-
ceive those repeated £iaiiiiiiiltions necea-
gary to Httoat their tjualifi cations.

Those proposing to receive tliefall three
yGBrs' graded Course before presenting
themselves for Oraduition, must annoancc
their intention to tW Dean at the time of
tbeii' Matricolation, onvbeoever Ihcy have
thus determined, so that the; mny be classi-
fied and receive proper directions rcapect-
ing attendancB and exercises, and have

E roper places assigned them at the various
recturcs tbeymaj nttend, and tliat records
may be kept of their Coarae, attendance,
and progress. Tbej will.froni time to time,
receive certificates of attendance, and of
their standing an the euhjccta in which'
they have been fully examined.

To be admitted to the Degree of Doctor
of Medicine, all students must preaunt
evidence of the posseaaion of a good moral
character, of being twenty-one years of
age, of baviog been engaged in the study
of Practical Anatomy and of Practical Che-
miatry, and of having pursued the study
of Medicine for the period of thi'eo years,
including tbe time speot in attendnnco
upon Lectures — not in addition to this
time — and muat hare attended two full
Cooraes of Lectui-es on the different
branches of Medical Science, tli^ last of
which must have been in this College i but
to encourage a higher grade of preliminary
acqMirementa, and in recognition of the
volueto a candidate of an eitended Conraa
of aciontiflc and literary studies, an allow-
nnce of aix months from the term of Medi-
cal stndiea la made in favour of Graduates
of the College of Arts and Sciences in this
University, and of other respectable lite-
rary Colleges i and also in acknowledg-
ment of the amount of Medical knowledge
obtained in a full Course of Pbannacentical
atady, an allawanee of twelve months is
made for Graduates in tbe Department of
Pharmacy in this University.

There is a separate School of Medicine
for Womeu at this University, with tbe

Fcea and require meets for Gra.

FEES AMD EXPE!(SBa

The Feet,* which must be paid in ad-
vance, are as follows ;

^airictttaiion Fee. — Residents of Michi-
gan, Ton Dollars ; non-reddeDts, Twentj-
Ave Dollnrs.

Annual Duet. — Reaidents of Stirliigan,
Twenty Dollars; noa-reai dents. Twenty-
five Dollars.

Oradvation Fee, — For all alike. Ten
Dollars.

The Admission Fee is paid but once, and
entitles the student to tlie privilog-es of
permanent membsrsliip in any Department
of the University. The unnual Fee is paid
the Drat year, and every year thereafter.

DETROIT

I.— DETEOIT HOMIKOPATHIC CotlBOB

Wn» organised in 1871. Sludenta who
are not Graduates of Literary CoUegcs,
High Schools, or Academies, must pais a
Preliminary Examination before being ad-
mitted to this School. Both eeiea may
become atndenta. Tha Fees are the Eame
us at Michigan University. An Biaiuina-
tion ia reqoired to be passed before the
Degree is conferred.

II.— Dbtboit Medical Collkqb
Was institnted in 1868, and ia a Member
of the Association of Americaa Medical
Colleges. New regulatiaas have just been
issued, as fallows ;

Application for admissiou to the Session
of IHSO-l, Bud thereuner, will be exainined
aa f ollowa .

(h.) They muat show their proBciency
in English Composition by writing an
Esaay on any subject assigned, not to
exceed in length one page of foolscap.

(i.) In Mathematiosthey oreeipected to
show a familiarity with the Piinoiplea of
Arithmetic, including Decimal and Vulgar
Fractions, and with those of Algebra, in-
cluding simple Eq nations.

(e.) In Physics or Natural PhUosopby
they will be expected to know aa much as
is contained in Balfour Stewart's Elements,
or any equivalent teit-booV.

In place of this Examination tbe College
will accept tlio Degree of A.B., B.S., Ph.D..

I, except b; order of llu Board i

rljg the Bcad.

HOBXa AUEBICA

IBd

eerUficateB ofliiviiiB pi^ssed the entrance
EmmiDatian of anj iiiuorporated Literary
College, or of any recogiiiged Medical Col-
lege ill which un Examination is required
for sdiniSBioD! nlao oCTtilicates of liaviiig
graduated at any high School or Academy,
or of having attained proficiency in any
inch School in the subjects of the above-
mentioned Matricatation Eiaumation.

At the diicretionofthe Examining Com-
mittee, any gtadenC failing in one or more
parla of this Examination cnay be admitted
to the Junior Clnaa, on condition of hia
making good the deficiency within a
aped Bed period.

Examiaations for ndmiecioD will beheld
on Monday and Tnesday preceding the
opening of the regular term.

Three regular Courses of Lectures given
in three distinct yean will be required for
Gradnntion. Each regular Course will
begin the second Wednesday in September,
and continue until the second Taesday ia
March. The Preliminary Session will be
merged into the regular Session. The
Optional Spring Session will be cDutinned,

At the close of the first year Examina-
tions will be held in Descriptive Anatomy,
General Chemistry, Physiology of Nutri-
tion, and Materia Medics.

At the close of tJie second year Examina-
tions will be held in General and Surgical
Anatomy, Medicai and Physiological Che-
mistry, Physiology of the Nervoui System
and Reproduction, Tberapeatics and
Pathology.

At the close of the third year, Exnminn-
tiona will be held OD Practice of Medicine,
Surgery, Obstetrics, Diseases of Women,
Diieasei of Children, and Diseases of the
Eye aud Ear.

ExaminatiOQs in Practical Laboratory
work will be held at the end of the several
prneticnl Courses. Certificates of having
satisfactorily pursued Courses both in
the Chemical. Physiological, and Ana-
tomical Laboratories, and in daily Clinical
work at Hospitals and Dispensaries, will
be required of each student before the Final
Examinations of the third year.

Candidates failing to pass Examination
in one branch only at the closeof tbe first
or second yeor, will be allowed to go on
with the studies of the next year, on con-
dition of making up tbe deficiency within
n definite period. Those failing in more
Uun one braaeh will be obliged to fall

back one year in their course, but the Fees,
ill every case, will he the same as though
they had not failed.

Students who have attended one full
Course at a recognised Medical College will
be admitted to the Middle Class, bnt they
will be required to fulfil the conditions of
the Matriculation Examination, and to
pass, at the end of the session, an Exaui-
nation upon the branches of the first and
second year.

Students who have attended two full
Courses at other recognised Medical Col-
leges, and Graduates of other recognised
Medical Colleges, will be admitted to tbe
third year, bnt they will be required at the
close of the seiston to pass EuimiaaUona
upon all of the branches examined upon
during the three years.

If possible, the union between the
Didactic, Laboratory, aud Clinical teach-
ing will he closer than hitherto. Stu-
dents ore eipected to attend the Clinics

Attendance npon Lectures other than
those in regular order is optional, but the
stndent is advised, in tho main, Co confine
his attention to tho subjects included in
his own Course.

Daily practical work in one of the
several Laboratories will he continued
thronghont the first two years. Daily
practical Clinical work wilt he required
during the third year.

a, BTC.

DoUori

Matriculation or Begistratiou

Fee, once a year .... 5 00
Lecture Fees for the first regu-
lar term . . . 75 00
„ „ for the second

regular term . . 76 00
„ „ for the third regu-

lar term . . . CO 00
Hospital Tickets free.
Spring Recitation terra. Ten Dollars, to
all who have attended tlie regular term j
all others are charged Twenty-five Dollars,
hut Fifteen Dollars will be applied on the
Fees for next regular session attended.
Graduation or Final Examination Fee,
Thirty Dollars.

Other conditions of Graduation ore as
in former years.

Students and Graduates who have at-
tended the third-year Conrses and all
Alumni of the College may. attend any
number of subsequent Cenl'ses on payment
of tbe Matriculation Fee.
These new requirements will apply to

160

MEDICAL EDUCATION

) PBACnJ

thote OITLT tvbo b^in attenilntico it tlie
Detroit Midieal College u studenti at or
mfter the Seuloa uF 18S0-81. All atudeiil*
ID atteadaiice during- 1879-HO luny Gra-
duate noUrr the old requirementB, na
foUoira :

Diplomng will be conferred but oneo h
j'car, at the Annual Commeocein en t, which
is held at the ctoie of tbe regular Se«iiun,
and to thoBO only who bnve complied with
the following rei|uiren)enti for OmduatioD :

1. Kvideiice of having attuned tbe age
of twonlj-one years, tS haying atudied
Medicine during n period of three yeara,
and of having snatained a good moral
churartii.*

2. Attendance upon at loaattn'o regalor
Couraes of Leetnrei, the last of which
muit bnve been in this Institutiua,

8. Diseection of every part of tbe
cadaver.

4. A Coone of Aonlytical and Medical
Clieniittry in the Laboratory,

6. A latiafactory written and oral Ei-
•aroiuation upon the fundamental brnncbea

of Medicine and Sui^ery.

G. So thtaet are required, hut every
candidate must write two Eaaaya on
aubjecta aaaigned bim, and publicly defend

7. TheOraduatingFecmnatbe depoaited
with tbo SecietHTy on or before Febrnary
lit, 1S79, which Vna »ill be returned to
■ueb ua I'aii to pa<a tlieir Examination a.

Candidates far Qraduation will present
tbeir CrodeiitiaU to the Secretary on
entering tbe College.

The ExaBii»atiBit of CandidaUi takes
place Bemi-aDnnally, vix. in tbe latter
part of February, ond on the firat Tuesday
in September; but Degrees ai'e conferred
only at t^e eud of the Winter Seuion.

The ColUge Commineement for con-
ferring of liegrees ia held ntinually at
the close of the Winter Session.

Ill, — MiOBi&iN Mkoical Collbse
Was instituted in 1870, and requires tbe
foUnwing prcliminory Examination to be
paaned before Matriculntion aa a ttadcnt
of Medicine, vii;, ;

1. English Grammar.

2. English Composition (a abort compo-
aition upon nny subject).

3. Arithmetic to and including common
and Decimal^raetioos.

r ciclusl

sfMciiidnc

i. Algebra to and including simple
Eqnitioni.
6. Qeometry, tbe firat tvo boobs.

6. Geoeral Geography and Hialorj of
the United States.

7. Latin Gnunmar and Tranalation of
easy Latin prose.

8. Optional studies (one of wlitch will
be accepted in lieu of any of tlie above
studies, except Eii^lisb Qraoiitiar, Compo-
aition aad Latin), Qreck, French, Oormtn,
elementary Physics, Botany or Zoology.

Any atndeut failing in one only of the
above subjects, will be admitted to the
College, and will bo given an opportunity
to mate up his deficiency.

Any student who has reoeived a Diploma
from any high School, normal School,
Academy, College, or University, will, on
presentation of tbe same, be admitted
withoQt ExaminatioD, as will also stu-
dents who bave passed the Matriculating
Examination of other colleges.

COMBrrloKB F

I oBAlitriTiON

The candidate for Gradnation mnat be
twenty-one years of age, must present
evidence of good moral character, and
proof of having spent three years in the
study of Medlcino and Surgery, under the
aupervision of some repnlahlo Physician.
who is himself B Qradnateofaome regular
and recognised Medical College. He must
also present evidence of having attended
three full Couries of Looturas in some
regularly nreaniaed College of Medicine
and Surgery, the last of which mnst fanvs
been in the Michigan College of Medicine ;
and if he bave paaaed the Exauiiuations
required by this College for firat and
secDQd Course stndcnta, ho must also pass
a satisfuctory Eiauiiuation upon tbe fal-
lowing subjects : Principles and Practice
of Medicine, Clinical Medicine, General
and Special Surgery, Obstetrics, DiaeHroa
of Women and Children, Hygiene and
Medical Jurisprudence .

For tho Session of L880-1, only, nn
exception to tbe above conditions will he
made In favour of atudente who hove
attended one full Coarse of Lectures iu a
recognised CoUegB which requires but two
Courses of Lectures for Oradoation. In
such case Che student will be admitted to
the Grsduutiiig Class upon passing the
'^'"•"="°""" -ud tbe Ex-
College t

MHtriculatJon Examination

aiiiinatiouB required by tlii.

first and aecond Course students
lively. Graduates of other recognl
Medical College* will be admitted '

]

NORTH

I Oradunting Claes upon passing the Ma-

r triculatiug Exuiuination.

I Wliile the atadeuts will bo eipcctcil tu
pay S]ieciii3 attention to the studiua of the
year for which they (inter, they will be
permitted to attend all the Lectures and
Clinics.

Detroit, witb a popnlation ot 130,000
has an abundance ot clinical material,
a large aiuonnt of which preientB itself
at the large Central Dispensary in the
Cullego building, wbicb is open daily. In
addition to this, ample Hospital facilitiee
will be afforded the students of (his
College.

M«trlcQlBtion Fee (paid but ooce) . 5 00

Annual Fee (including tickets for

Regular and Preliminary Terms) 50 00

For ftvliminary (or optional) Term
to students who do not attend
the regular Term . . . 15 00

Qradoation Fee . . . . 20 00

UIKITEBOTA

Population of State, 460,000. Number
of Medical men, 450. There are no Medical
CollegBB which grant Degrees, and any
one muy tiractiae who tikes. There is a
Medical Bchool at WinoDa, which was
opened in I87S, with the object of afford-
ing^ students better facilities for acquiring
Uedical knowledge than can bo obtained
in the surgery of a medical man. There
is a good Anatomical and Pathological
Mnseum '

^HISSISSIFPI
. Population, 850,000. Number of Medical
■en in the State, 1600. There are no
laws to prevent qaacks practising, and
no Medical Colleges. The University of
Hissisiippi ioteuds Laving a Medical
Faculty shortly.

ti HISSOUBI

L The population of thia State is nearly
1^000,000, aad there aru about 40O0
He die* 1 men. Tliere is free trade in
Hi^licine, and the country swarms with
qaacks. The following are the Medical
CoUcgea:

KANSAS CITY

The College of Phyaiciuna and Surgeons

was organised in 18(i0. Clinieal iuatruc-

tion is given at the City Uoapitol and the

College Uispeuaary.

The aggregate cost of a full Courae of
study for one term is Sixty-five DoUara
as follows:

Matriculation Pee (to be paid but once),
Five DoUars.

Pre for the Professors' Tickets, Fifty
Dollars.

Ticket of DemoDstraEor of Anatomy,
Teu Dollars.

Tickets for a partial Course are: Ma-
triculation, Five Dollars, and for each
other ticliet. Ten Dollars.

The Graduation Fee ia Twenty Dollars.

Ticket! must be takon oat and paid for
at the b^inning of the Term, aud the
taking of promissory notca from students
ia strictly forbidden by the bye-laws of the
Colli'go.

BEqUlSEUENTa KIB OBASITATIOH

The candidate muat produce aatisfuc-
tory evideiico of good moral character, and
must have attained the age of twenty-one
years.

He must file a satisfactory certificate of
having studied Medidne for at least three
years under a regular Qraduate or Licen-
tiate aud Practitioner of Medicine, in
good standing, using the word " regular '
in the sense commonly understood in the
Medical Profession.

He must file the proper official evidenco
that, during the aboye-mentioned three
years, ho has Matriculated at some affili-
ated College or Colleges, for two regular
Sessions, and in the Courae of the eauia
hai attended two (utl Counes of instruc-
tioD on the following branches of Medicine,
to wit: Anatomy, Physiology, Chemislry,
Matcriu Medica and Therapeutics, Obstet-
rics, Surgery, Practice of Medicine i
Patholugy. The latter of theie two
Courses must have been attended at t
College.

He must also have passed a peraonal
Examination before the Faculty, on "
ot tho hmnchea of Medicine abovc-m
tioncd, and muat have paid io full all
College duea, including the Graduation
Fee.

I

>IT. LOUIS

I.— AUBsicAH Medical Collioe
la nn Eclectic Schoul, and ita teacbmga
vre in accordaDc« witb tbat ajBMm of
priotiw.

MiJDtBlTM FOB GSinHiTJOK
1. The (sndidatB niilat ba twenty-oi
feara of age, of gooil moral chnrncter, and
innat bnve been cnc^Si^d in tbB atodj of
Med[viuc at leut three years, iDclaiUiig
the time spent at Leeturea.

8. Ho RiQsb have attended two fnll
Coiirars of Laeturea, in different yeara,
tbe last of wliich mnst have boon in this
Iiistitation ; tbe first may bsTe been in
some other accredited School; or he moat
bave read Medicine two years and at-
tended tbree Couraesof LeoturBS; or base
attended four Conrsei of Lectnrcs witb
intermediate Reading.

8. Examinatiaiia for the Degree of
Doctor of Medicine will bo held at tbo
oloae of both Winter and Spring Sessions,
bnt there will bo bnt one public Com-
mencement yearly — at tbe cloao of the
Spring Seiaion. All Diplomaa will bear
tbe Akte at the first Tuesday in June.

4. No Diplomaa will be issued eioepl
upon actual atteudance and Eiaminatian.
The Corporation grnnta no Degrees in
honorariuni or ad euadtmi

6. Applicants mast have attended the
DisBectioas and Hospital Clinica u long aa
they were atudeots.

6. They mnat notify the Faculty one
month before the cloae of the lesaiou of
their intention to become candidates for
Qrnduation. Said notices will be nrndu
by filling up blanks furniabed by the
Dean, and returned to him, and at the
same time tbe Graduation Fees lo accom-
pany the applications, which, in case of
withdrawal or rejection, will be returned.

7. To secure a place in the Gradaating
clusa tlicre must be antinfactory evidence
of having complied with all the prelimi-
nary requisites.

SEES

DoUan.
Tnition for one fall Course, in-

eluding all departments . . 65 00
Matricnlation and Demonatcatore'

Tioltets, each . . , . 6 00
Hospital Tickets .... Free.
Graduation 25 00

Sobojarabip Tickets ore iaBiicd by the
Board of TruatMfl for 150 Dollars, to be
paid in advance, entitling the holder to

attend aa many Con roes of Lectures as tc
cboosits previous to Graduation. Aa i
mutter of economy tliia plan in prefericd
by many atadenta contetuplating men!
than two Cannes of I.ecturea.

The Fees in all case* miut bo paid in

Graduates of Medical Collegia in gooi
standing may attend a lull Course of
Lectnres, or any of the departmeDtc, by
paying tbe MatriculattOD and Demonstra-
toPa Fee, each Five Dollars. Should any
iVom tbia clai» deaire the Degree of Doclor
of Medicine conferred by our Board of
Tmstees. they can obtain it by passing
the aame Examination ruquirett of studenU,
and paying tbo usual Urodu^itioa Fee,
Twenty -live Dollars.

II.-

BEQUIBBKSSTa FOB eSASIIATIOIl

1. The candidate must be twenty-one
years of age, of good moral character, and
most have bei'n engaged in the atudy of
medicine for three years (Couraes of Lec-
tures included).

2. Be ffltwt Aal» aUeKded fvio fall
Covmia of Lecturet. If he haa attended a
full Course in some accredited Medical
Inatitution, be may, by attendance upon a
lull Course of Lectures in this College,
preaent bimseirfor Gradaation. The Dis-
aecttng Ticket must alao have been taken.

3. Uu mnst undergo a aatiafactory Ki-
nminntion on all the bianches taught in
this College, and write an acceptable
Theeia in the Engtisfa, Lstiii, Fi-encb, or
German language, on some subject con-
nected with Medicine. ApplicaQts wbo
have complied with all tbe requircmenta,
may present themselves for Eiamination
previous tu tbe Commencement Exercises
at the close of the Sessiou.

4. He must, by the flrat of February,
notify the Dean iq writing of bis inten-
tion to become a candidate, deliver to bim
his Thesis, and the Graduation Fee, which
will be returned to bim in case of with-
drawal or r^ection.

6. Candidates will be examined separ-
ately or collectively by each Professor.
Special EiamiuatioDs may, by consent of
tbe Faculty, be held in particular cafes.
Formal notice of the result of each Ex-
amination win be given by the Registrar
to tbe candidates for Graduatioa.

I70RTE AMERICA

S, The namsa of aucoessful candidates
shall be reported by tho Regiatrur to the
Board of TruateHB. in order that, if con-
firmcij by it, a aiaadamas may he issued
for the conferring of the DegreeB. In
unsuccessful cases, the candidate may, by
consent of the Pacaltj, avail himself of a
second Examination.

7. A leparate EinmiQation shall be hod
in the case iS each student who is a com-
peting caodidata for any of the priies.

8. A anccessfal candidate shall not
absent himself from tbe CommenccnieDt
without Hrst oblaiuing permiasion from
tbe Faculty.

S. The Faculty shall Lava anthority to
consider and decide upon ciisca of epocial
application for admission to the Lectures.

10. Honnrary Degrees may bo conferred
on distiogaished praetitiouers by the re-
commendation of the Faculty.

11. The tequiremeote far an ad aindiim
Degree in this College are, a Diploma
from an accredited Medical School ; also,
satisfactory testimunials from tegnlar Phy-
sicians, with respect to character and Pro.
fcsaional standing; an stteadanco on the
Leetuiea from time to time, during the
session at which it is desired to Qraduate,
and a satisfactory Eiamiuation by tho
Faculty.

13. In view of the fact that many of
the students cease their attendance on
Lectures during the last month of the
aesaion, without any good and sufficient
reason, it has been decided that the roll
of the class shall be called dnring the last
week of tho Course of Lectores, and that
the absentees shall be declared as having
failed to attend a full Course of Lectures,
nnlcss they be absent by permission of the
Facolty or from sickness.

FSUAUt Stvdents

Fur many years the doors of this Instj-
tution hftTO been open to women wbt
desire to take a thorough course ol
Medical Instmction. Thej must ha wil.
ling to abide by the Rules and Regula-
tion! of the College, to ho governed by the
same laws, listen to the same Lecture!
witness the lame Clinics, attend the asm
Dissections, and be subjected to tbe sam
Einminatiaus m their male companions.

Many have availed tbemaelves of these
advantagus and passed successful Eia.
minations and received the College De-
gree.

Fee for one Course of Lectures . DO 00
Matriu-olation Fte . . , 6 00
Practical Anatomy . . . 10 00
Graduation Fee . . . . 25 00
Gradnates of other Medical Col-
lies 30 00

Feu for Orsdcd Course, including
Lectures for the entire term of
tlu-ee years or longer, issued
only to students who agree to
attend tbrce Coarsea A Leo-
tores, and invariably iu advance 100 00

III.— MlBSODKI MBDICAL COILEQB
Was oi^niscd in ISIO, and is a new
building adjoining St John's Hoapitul,
where, and also at the City Hospitiil,
Clinical instruction is given. The Feea
BIB— for a full Course of Lectures, Fifty
Dollars; Matriculation Fee, Five Dollars;
Demonstrator's Fee, Ten Dollars; and
Gradnation, Twenty Dollars. This College
is a Member of tbe American Medical Col-
lege Association, and grants Degrees in con-
formity with the Articles of Confederation.

IV.— St Josbph'b Medical Collkqb

iHU HOBriTAL

Is a Member of the Association of Ameri-
oan Medical Colleges, and grants Degrees
in conformity with ' the Articles of Con-
federation.

V. — Sx LotTiH Medical CoW:BaB *bd

HospitAX
Was organised in 1841, and is in connec-
tion with the St Louis Hospital and
tinitod States Marine Hospital. Degrees
are granted upon similar terms as at Mis-
souri Medical College, The Fees are :—Ma-
triculatimi, five Dollars; Lecture Tickets,
lOB Dollars; Demonstrator's Ticket, Ten
Dollars; Graduation, Twenty Dollars.

KOBTAITA

Population, 21,000. Number of Medical
men in State, fifty. There are no Medical
laws or Colleges.

HEBBA6EA

Population, 130,000. Nuinher of Medi-

HEVADA

pQpnlation, 60,000. Number of Medical
men in the State. 120. There are ~"
Medical Uwa or inititnliaiUi

MEDICAL EDUCATION AMD PRACmCE

I

33(1,000, uiid thort' are altoat 6U0 Mwllml
mtn. There u Treu trade in Medicint
Tbe following U the onlj Medicol College
in the Sute :

HANOVEE
Durtmouth UoiTcrgity Medical Facnlt;,
otbcrwito cnlled New Hampithirt! Medico,'
Institute, wM organiBcd in 1797.

TEBUa OF iPMIBBIOS
Applicants for BcImisBion mnat he eig:h'
teen jean of age, and ualesa HlreiiJiy
Matriculants of tliii tnatitation or Qrnclit-
■tei ot ftome reputable College, Academy,
or High School, vrill bo eiamined na to
Ibeir fltnew for entering upon and appre-
ciating the technical itudy of Medicine.

They will be expected to be familiar
with elementary principlea of Ptjeios
(liglit^ heat, electricity, &c.)o

After the oompletion of two fail years
of the study of Medicine, aliown b; proper
certiScHte, and two full Couraca of Lee-
turcB (one at this Collage), any student
may be admitted, at tlie regular timi
an Eiumination In Anatomy, Physiology,
and Qcnernl Clicmislry. If sHtisfactorily
mssod this will talie the place of tbe final
Eiamination in these subjects. Tbe Fee
for tliia Eiaiui nation will be Ten Dollars,
which at tbe final Examication wilt be
deducted from the OraduatJao Peo.

Every candidate for tbo Degree of Doc-
tor of Medicine must be twenty-one ycnra
of age, and must give satisfactory ovj-
denco of good mural character. He shall
haye attended two full Cooraea of Lee-
tares on all the branrhea of Medical Sci-
ence, at some rcgalar Medical School — one
of which shall have been at tliia Institn-
tioB. He shall give satisfactory evidence
that he has devoted three full j/eart to his
■ ProfcBSioual studioa, under tbe direction
of some regular I^ctitioncr — the time
spent at Lectures being included. He
■hall present evidenee tluit he bos dis-
sected both parta of the cadaver. He
sbnll prepare and present to the Faculty,
at least three weeks before the Examina-
tion, a Dissertation on some Medical sub-
Ject, which be may be called upon to read
Examination, as the

meneemeat of tlie Collef^, and oi
close of the Medical Li'c

The Unal Euunination embisces ■
Medical sabjecti.

Leetunt. — Matriculation (paid

anaually) . . . . . 6 Of
For the Course . . . . 75 "

Oradnating expensas . , .If

Students who have attended

Courses, one of them at this Ingtitutjos, 1
may attend the third on payment of '
Matricolation Foe ; of those who t
attended two Courses at any other regulai I
institutJoo, Twonty.five Dollars wiU bew
quired in addition to I'
Fee.

No notes will he received ii
Lectnre Fees.

Fees must be paid ia full at the ope*^
ing of the Session.

Becitatiom. — For the term . , 40

Anatomical Material, cstra, at cost.
Board from 2 60 to 4 Uollara per wecki I

NEW JERSEY

The population of this State is about a
million, and tbe number of Medical men
about 1400. The Medical Society of New
Jersey was organiiod at Now Brunewick, *
N. J., July Both, 17^6, incorporated 1790,
and chartered 1H66. Tbe Society ia coin,
posed of delegates from the Diatrict Socie-
ties, and confers tbe Degree of M.D., which
ia considered sufficient evidence of qnaliJl-
cation to practise, and without which, nr a
similar Degree from some institution in
affiliation with tbe Aaaociatioii of Ameri-
in Medical Colleges, no one ia allowed ta
■actiso. Before conferring the Degree,

o be passed.

e school and s

kand defend
Faculty may
There are

preceding the anuual c

HEW HEXICO

Population about 100,000. Numbor off
Medical men about thirty. There ia free ]
trade in Medicine, and no Medical ii

NEW TOEK

This procperoits State baa n population of I
' over 5,000,000, and there are about BOOO J
Medical men. Tbe Medical Society of Hew J
York State, and also the various Coantal
Medical Sodeties in the State, s -i-vS ■

IfOBTH AUERICi

165

to gront Diplomas to all iitadent^ wlio have
nndcrgone sufBcieat atudiee at u reapei^table
Medical Sobool, and who pass the required
EiflmlnaCiun before tlie Society. HuniiDc
pathic and Eclectic Medical Societies nr
also aathoriaed to grant Diptomaa to (hose
wiehing- to practise in either of those capa-
cities. No student can be admitted to an
Eiaiuination by anj Medical Societj uiilesa
he has completed the full term of four
yeara' itndy with a Medical FroctitioiiGr
duly authorisod by law to practise. From
thia term one year can be dedncted in either
of the following casea, viz. when any sta-
dent^ oftiv the uge of sixteen, hns pursued
tlic OBual Coarse in nny College in tbie
State ; or, wlien he has, after the aAme ^e,
attended a complete Course of all the Lec-
tures delivered in any regularly constituted
Medical College in this State. No student
who has attended two or more Coiu-eea of
Medical Lectures can be admitted to an
ExamiDatJon by any County Medical So-
ciety, eicopt of the County where he has
pursued his stadies for four months im-
madiatelj preceding big attendance upon
tlie lost Course of Leeturea, or by the Cen-
sors of the State Society. And a student
who has been rejected by any County 80-
ciotj cannot apply to another, bat must
appeal to the State Society. No one who
has been rejected by the State Society can
apply (or Einmination to a County Society.
No persoa is allowed to practise Medicine
or Surgery nnlesa ho has receired a Licence
or Diploma from an incorporated Medical
Society in the State, or the Dee:ree of M.D.
from the Cniveraitj oF New York, that of
Albany, or that of Oeneva. The following
are the Medical Colleges in the SUte :

Aldikt Mbuical Coixeoh

rated i

, and became

Wad incorpoi

the Medical Faculty of Union University
1b 1873. Graduates from recognised Col-
legea. Scientific Schools, or Medical Inati-
tations, will not be required to pass the
Prelimioary Eiamination on joining the
School. All other stodcuta entering will
be required to pass a Preliminary Eiami-
nation in Eagliah. There are good Labora-
toriea for Chemistry, Pathological Anatomy,
and Hiatology.

Tlie Museum is especially rich in its
anatomical preparations. It. contains the
valuable morbid specimens accumulated
by the late Drs. Marcli, Armsby, and
McNaoghton, and is unequnlled in the

variety and rarity of its models. Tlie
Library of the College contains nearly
5QD0 volumes, and arrangements are being
made for its conatant increaao.
Requirements for Qradnation :
The candidate must be twenty-one years
of age, and exhibit certiScates from a
Medical man, duly authorised by law to
practise, that he has studied Medicine
during a term of three years under hie

He must hare attended three full Courses
of Lectures, the last of which must have
been at this lastitution.

He must be of good moral eharactfir.

He must deliver to the Registrar, six
weeks before the end of the Term, a Thesia,
writteo by himself on some Medical snb-
ject, and be prepared to defend it at his
Examination. Uo must pass a satisfactory
Examination ia the several branches of
Medicine and Surgery.

Price for each Course, Ten Dollars.

Laboratory open daily from 8 a.m. to

FEES AND KXPENSBa

All Fees are pnyablo nt the beginning'
of the Term. For Matriculation, Five
Dollars, payable each year ; for the year's
Lectures, 100 Dollars. Perpetual Lec-
ture Ticket, 150 Dollars. Stndents who
have attended two full Coorsea of Lec-
tures at this College, will be required
to pay only the Matriculation Pee. Stn-
dents who have attended two full Courses
of LectorcB at other accredited Medical
Colleges, will be required to pay Twenty-
Rve Dollars and the Matriculation Fee.
Qraduates of thia institution have Per-
petual Free admission. Graduates of
other Medicol Schools will bo admitted
after paying the Matriculation Fee. Dia-
sectiun, Ten Dollars, which is required the
first year and optional during other years
of the Coumoj DisseclJug material is free,
and there are no incidentnU in thia depart-
ment. The Qraduation Fee is Twenty-fivs
Dollars, which must be paid to the Regis-
trar before the candidate can he admitted
to an Examination. Laboratory Conraos,
TeuDulkrs each.

Summary of Feet for Tao Ytan

Dullin.
For Matriculation . . g 00

„ Lecture Ticket* . . 100 00
„ Dissectian

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PEACTICE

For Hatriciilfltion . 6 00

„ LectBK TickeU . . 100 00
„ Qndiutioa Fee . . 26 00

130 00

Total Fee* for Graduation with two
Cour»es of Lscturea, 245 Dollars.*

Tbe student b; purcliHse of the Per-
petuml Lertnre Ticket will reduce tliifl
amount to 196 Doll&n.

OIktr Fan Optional wifA lit itudesl

Dollin.
Hatricnlation for additional

ConreBs {each year) . . G 00
AddiUonal Couraea of Dibkc-

tion (each jear) . . 10 00
Chemical Laboratory (eacti

Coarse) . . . . 10 00
Laboratory Course In Histology

(each Conree) . . . 10 00

BROOKLYN
LoMO Island Collesb HospiTiL
Was ofRanisGd in 1860, and waa the first
to inaugurate in thia cnuntry the unii
a Hospital aud a Medical School for the
purpose of aucuring more thorough demon
Btrative teaching.

BBQirrHBMBHTS POE QKABFATlOi;

The candidate must be twenty -one year
of age, and muat present satisCactory testi
monials of a good moral character, ani
legal evidence that ho baa studied Medi
cine for three yeara with a Physician duly
authorised l>y law to practise hia profc
aion. Ho muat have attended two fu
Conrsea of Lectures, the last of whit
most have heon in the Long Island College
Hospital. He must Ruhmit to the autho-
rities of the CollEge an acceptable Thesis,
in bis own baudwrlting, on some enhject
connected with Medicine, and pass a satis
factory Eiaminution.

DoUiiri
For Tickets to all the Lectures
during the Preliminary and
Regular Terms . . . . 140 OO

For tie Uegular Term
Full Course of Lectures . . lOO 00
Matriculation . . . . 6 00
Demonstralor's Ticket , . . 5 00

Graduation Fee ' . . . , S
* Tkird Couno (rca.

For tie Eeadiug Teria

Dollui.

ItecitatioDs, Clinics, and Diaaect'
ing Ticket . . 4J) 00

Matriculation (good for the yew) - 5 00

A Single Tmket of the Regular

" rm 17 00

A Single Ticket of the Reading
Term 10 00

Qraduatoa of less than three yeara'
standing, and those who have
attended two full Courses of Leo-
tureii in other accredited Schools,
are required to pay for all the
Ticketa to the Lectures of this
College 50 00

BUFFALO

THB UNITBESITZ op ItHFFALO MBDIOAL

attcndaaoe at the Lectures. Matricula-
tion Foe (annnally). Five DoUsra. Ths
Fees for the Tickets of alt the Pro-
fessors, inclnaive of the Hospital Tit^kets,
amoont to 100 Dollars. This sum ia to'
be piiid to tlio secretary, Perpetual
Tickets cost 150 Dollars, The Fee for
those who have attended two full Courses
elsewhere is Fifty Dollars. The Alumui
of the College are entitled to Perpetual

Oradnatea of any respectable College
will receive all tlie tickets on payment of
Matriculation Fee.

The Fee for the Ticket of the Demon-
strator of Anatomy is Five Dollaraj which
is optional, except for One Term before
Oradnation", material Jkmiihid al coil.

The above comprises the Fees reqnired
of the Medical student. Arraiigemeuta
with the secretary, for the payment of
Fees, must be made at the commencement
of the Term.

Thia regulation will he strictly adhered

Board can he obtained in leapectnble
families at from Three DoUara M Five
Dollars per week.

BULEfl AMD BKftUISITBB T

The Degree of Doctor iu Medicine is
conferred iu accordance with a vote of tli«
Council of the University npon the joint
recommendntiun of tbe Faculty and Cura-
tors. The following are tlio renuiaitea Bjr
Oraduntion :

Twenty-one years of age ; a good moral
character ; aaCisAictory evidence of hkviiw

KOKTH AMEEICA

ler-l

studied Medicine for three jwra, under the
tuition of B ng-olar Practitianer or Prac-
tibiaoera; Disaection during One Course,
eithor at this or some other inrarporatcd
intititntioni two full Couraea of Lecturen,
the Uat having boon at this inBtitution.
The candidate most deliver to the Secre-
tary, on or befure the first of Jauuary, a
Thesis, contpoaed and written bj himself,
on some Medical snbject, wliicli must be
eiamined and approved by the Faonltj.
He. muat bave passed an Examination in
the Beveral departments, trhich ahall bave
been satisfactory to the Faculty and
Cnrstora of (he Univergitj,

Tbe Graduation Fee is Twenty-five Dol-
lars, which is to be handed to the Secre-
y vith the Thesis of the candidate.

■GENEVA
Thii Medical College grants a Degrt
in Medicine which entitles tbe holder t
ptactiie in the State of New York. The
requirements are that the candidate most
pass the Pretiiniuery Examination unjoin-
ing the School, unlesi he be a Omdunto
of aoms recognised College, Scientific
School, or Mtdical InstEtadon. He mnat
also be twenty-one years of fl|;e, and ex-
liibit certificates from a Medical man, duly
antborised tn practise by law, that he has
■tudied Medicine during three years under
hia snperviiion. He must have attended
three Conriea of Lectures, the last of which
must bave been at this College. He must
deliver up a Thesis, and defend it at his
Examination, whicb takes place at Com-
mencoraent, and includes all brancbea of
Medicine and Snrgery. There are (food

tiboratories and Disseeting Booms, and
ety other facility for study.
U

NEW YORK CITY

I. — BaLLETITB HoapiTiL MKDICJ.L
CoLLBOB

lb a Member of t)ie AsaociatioD of American
Medical Colleges.

UC THB B£QU1I(1!HHHTS FOB
OBUHTATIOS, ETC., AT '

(Adopted Saptomber 8th, 1879.)
RnnlVed, That, after the regular sess
of 1879-80, the plan of instruction at
^ellerao Hospital Medical College be

modified as to apportion to each one
three Sessions certain divisions of tbs
study of Medicine, with Final Eiamin.
(ions in Elementary branciies at the end
of tbe first and of the Second Session, the
Examinations for Grndnation at the end
of the Third Session being confined to tlie
branehea of Praotioe of Medicine, Surgery,
and Obstetrics; the plan to embrace re-
quirements as regards practical instruction
in Chemistry, Histology, Operative Sur-
gery, and Clinical Medicine, together with
systematic recitations in all tbe branches.

In adopting this plan the number of
Hospital Lcctniies is not to be diminiebed,
and the union of Clinical with Didactic
i^caching is to continue, as berutorore, to
be a. leading principle in the practical de-
partments.

Resolved, That Matriculants who expect
to become candidates for Oi-aduation after
the biose of the Session of 1870-SO will ba
required to furnish, by Examination or
otherwise, satisfactory evidence of a pre-
iiminary education deemed sufficient for
entering Dpon the study of Medicine.

On September 8th, 1879. the following
plan was adopted bv the Faculty, snbjei^t,
■■-■ ■ .ails.

Tbe Matricnlation Examination will con-
sist of English Compoaitjon (one foolscap
page of Original. Composition upon any
subject, in the handwriting of the candi-
date) ; Grammar, an Examination upon
tliB above-mentioned Composition j Arith-
metic, including Vulgar and Decimal
Fractions ; Algebra, luctading Simple
Eqoationa ; Geometry, first two books of
Euclid.

The Matriculation Examination by tho
Faculty will be waived for those who have
received the Doicree of A.B., tbose who
have passed the Freshman Examination for
entrance into any incorporated Literary
College, those who present certificates of
proficiency in tbe subjecCa of tbe Matricula-
tion Examination from tbe principal
or teachers of any reputable High School,
those who have passed a Matrici^tiar <!!•-
amiostion at any recognised )f '

lege or at any Seientiflo Ijcho
in which an Eiaminatiou
admiiaion, and those who
cates of having passed -

pointed by tb(t
Hospital M"'

I

Second jair. — Orgiinio and Phfaiolo-
(ticsl Chemistry J General and Sargioul
Anatomy i PtjBiologj; Therapaotira

Third year. — Pruotioe of Medi
Sargery; Ob«t«trica nod DiBe&sc
WomeD nnd Children-

BeFare Ibo Final EiBtnination Far the
third year candidates muit preaeut cor-
tiQcatei from reeogniaed teschers of one
Cour«e of iiiatruotion in each of the fol-
loiring-naDied practical studies, viz. Dii-
•ectioDS, Practical ChamisCry, and a Prac-
tical Course of Phyiiolagicat and Pntho-
logiol Hintology. No Gradnating Thosia
is rcqnired.

CaudiiiatoB who fail in one only of the
branchoB for Exammatinn for the firat or
tbo secnnd year will be permitted to pase
on to tbe Btodiog of tbe luacoeding year,
and to tnaku ap tbe branch npon which
they failed in their previons Eiaminatioii.
Candidates who fiil in more than one
branch in tbe Eiaininationa for the firat or
the aeoond ^eur will be put hock one year,
but they will not bo required to pay more
than tbe regular Feea for tbe three yoara.

Qraduates of other reoogniaed Mcdimi
Collogoa, and Htudenta who have attended
two I'nll Couraaa of Locturoa at otlier
cognised Medical Colleges, or two :
years at other recogniaed Medieal Colleges
that have a corapnlnory graded Caurse, wi"
be admitted Co the third year without
Jlatriculation Eiaminatian ; hut all such
aa are candidates for Qraduntion will
required to pass a full Examination npon
nil tbe branchea ciamined Upon for the
three years at the close of the Seesloa, and
all, including (Iraduatea of other Medical
Colloi'ea, irrespective of the date of their
Orodnation, will bo required to pay the Fee
for the third year, which ia 100 Dollars.

Students who have attended one full
Course, or the first year of a oompiilsory
graded Course at other recogniaed Medical
Collies, will be admitted to the second
yearj but all such will be required to sub-
mit to the conditions of the Matricnlation
Examination, nnd to pa^a, at the end of
tbe Session, an Examination npon the
branchea examined upon tbe first and
second years.

Partial or incomplete Conrsei at other
recognised Mudical Colleges will be
reckoned oa time of study, but will not be
counted us entitling- stadenta to enter for

tbe second or the third ye«r, or be c

iidered in reduction of Fees, except t _._

two partial Conrses at other recoj^niaed
Medical Coltogea, which, together are
equivalent to one full Course, will be re-
cognised aa I foil Course of Lectures.

Certiflcntoa of three yeara' study, after
eighteen years of age, from a regular Phy-
aician, in good atanding, iu aocordanca
with one of ihe proviaiona of tha Charter
of the CoUege, will be required, and can-
didiitea lor Oraduution mast have reached
the age of twenty-one yeara.

All ExaminatiouB will take place nt the
close of the Winter Session only, except in
the case of tbe Final Eiaminatiou* fbr
thoae wboac three years' term of study doef J
not expire until the fall. For such otUk-tM
didatea Final KxauiinatioDS will ha faeld U^
October.

There will be no " preliminary term,"
and the regoliir Winter Session will bo ex-
tended to wx mouths, beginning about the
middle of September, and ending about
the miil<11e of March. The Spring Kecita-
.i™ (^1... ,.:ii i.„ — 'inuod as an optional

n Claaa will h

It

Coor
Thrce Conraes of Lectures are required.*!
•t Oraduation. Stndenta are expecte'
I attend all the Lectures, intrlndini^
linics, fur the first two years. During
the third year, atudenta are expected to
attend all the Clinics, but they may eon-
fine their attendance upon tbe Didactio
Lectures totlio branchea npon which they
are to pass tboir Final Examination^ thiu
having time for practical work in the Di*.
secting Room, tbe Chemical Laboratory,
and the Pathological Laboratory, and for
Prnetici) Clinicnl Exercises in Medicine,
Snrg:i'ry, and Obstetrics. Students are
expected to attend the regular weekly rs*
citations held by Members of the Faculty
during each Session upon the bmncb(~"
upon which they are to be examined at '
close of the Suasion.

For students who attend tbe full Coui
of Instruction at the College for tfai

.the regular Examinations at the close
of each of the three Sessions are obligatory,
idnates of other recogniaed Medical
Colleges, of three or more years' standing',
"I not be admitted to their Final Elaml-
.ion for tbe Degree atileas they present
^ertiflcate of mcmbersliip of some Me-
dical Society entitled to representation ia
the American Medical Association.

ilty

I

NORTH AMERICA

Dollars ; for nil aQCond-jear etadcnts, 110
Dollara ; for all third-year utmlenta, in-
clading all Gradoatt^a of uther recO{|;niBnl
^eilk'nl Collugoa wlio are raadjdates fur
OrnduBtion, irreapuctiTe uf llie date of
their prerioua Qraduation, and including
third-jesT BtadeatB who have attended two
St^BBious at the College, 100 Dollare. Fee
far the first ytar'a Bxaminatiua, Ten Dal-
lara; for the Kcond year's Eiamtoation,
Ten Dalkra; for the third jrar'a Eiamion-
ti»a. Tea Dullars; for aa Biaminutioii at
the oad of a Session for the first and the
second year together. Twenty DoUitrs j
for an Eiuniination &t tbe end of a Session
for tbe throe years together. Thirty Dal-

Stadenti not doiiring to take the fnll
Conrsa with referenue to Oradnation may
take tickets for special Conrses. For flrst-
and second-Course students the Feet for
the separate departments are as follows : —
Pmctice of Medicine, including Fsyeboln-
gical Medicine, and Medical •Tnrispru-
donce and Diseases of the Thront, Twenty
Dallnrs; Surgery, including Ophthalmo-
logy and Otology and Dermatology,
Twenty-fire Dollars; Obstetrics and Dis-
eaaee uf Women and Children, Fitleen
Dollars; Materia Medica and Therapeu-
tics, iDclnding Pathnli^iciil Anatomy and
Histology and Diseases of tbe Nervous
System, Twenty Dollars; Physiology and
Physiological Anatomy, Twenty Dollars
Qi'neral, Descriptiye, and Surgical Ana
tomy. Twenty Dollara; Chemistry and
Toxicology, Twenty Dollars.

For all Oraduatos of other recognised
Medical Colleges, irrespectire of tbe date
of OmduAtioii, And for students who havi
attended two fnll Courses of Lectures,
either at the Bellerue Hospital Medical
College, or at other recognised Medical
Colleges, the Fees for the alwvo-mentionei'
separate deportments will he as follows :—
Practice of Medicine, &a.. Fifteen Dollars
Surgery. Ac, Twenty DoUars; Obstetrics
&c,, Ten Dollars ; Materia Medica, &c.
Fifteen Dollars; Pliyiiology, Fifteen Dol
Urs; Anatomy, Fitlceu Dollara; Chemistry,
fifteen DolUrs.

Students and Graduates who have at-
tended tbe third- > ear Course and all
Alnmni of the College miiy attend any
BUiiiber of snbaeiineat Conrses on payment
oF the Matriculation Fee.

In ovder to fulfil, to the lettfr, the tacit
engagements between the College
those s Indents who may attend thi
Seuion of 1&7D-S0 with the intention

the old plan, the following exceptloiiE will
be made for such students:

Students who take a fnll Coarse for the
Session of 1879-80 will be permitted,
other requirements being fulfilled, to Gra-
duate at the end ot a second full Course
taten in 1880-81.

Stndents who attend their second Course

1879-80, but who do not Graduate at

tbe end of the Course, will be permitted

' attend the Coarse of 1880-81 as third-

mrse itudeota, without payment of Fees,

and Graduate at the end of the Session.

Students who attend two full Courses
at tbe CoU^c in 1879-80 and in 1880-81,
but who do not Graduate in 1880-81, will
be allowed to attend tbe Course of 1881-
i OB tbird-Coorse students, witboat pny-
lent of Fees, and Graduate ut the end of
le Seasion.

To summarise tlie exceptions just men-
ioned, tbe new reqairemonta will apply
> those only who begin their attendance
t the Bellevne Hospital Medical Colli^ge,
ither as first-year, second-year, or third-
year students, with the Session of 1880-
81 ; and students who begin their attend-
nace with tbe Session of 1879-80 may
Graduate under the old requirements, ua
follows !

EBQTTIRKUBM'ra SOS I

TIjc requirements for Gradnntion are ;
three years' pupilage, after eighteen years
of tkffc, with a regulttr pAgiician in goad
ilanding, inclusive of the time of attend-
ance upon Medical Lectures; attendance
upon two full Courses of Lectures, the
last being in this College; certificates of
at least one Conrse of Practical Anatomy,
or Dissections ; proper testimonials of
character; anacceptuble Thesis composed
by and in the handwritjng of the csadi-
date; and a satisfactory Examination in
each of the seven departments of inatme-
tion, viz. Praetice oS Medicine, Surgery,
Obstetrics, Moteria Medics, Physiology,
Anatomy, and Chemistry. 'The Eiumina-
Ijana upon Practice of Medicine and
Surgery include Diseases of the Nervous
System, Patbological Anatomy, Ophthal-
mology, and Diseases of the Skin. Two
fiUl Courses of Lectures are absolutely
required, and no period of practice is
taken as au equivaleut for one Course. The
candidate must be twenty-one years of ago.
To prevent any mi sunders tan ding with
regard to the requirements for Graduation,
.he tlie Faculty deaire to state that tho only

. ._. of Courses of Lectures recognised are ♦'™"

oomplcting their Medical studies under | taken at regularly organised M«

I

I

170

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Iflget, empowered to confer tlie Degree of
M.U.| the Conne* embraciog PructJce of
Medicine, Sorgery, Obetetrice, MateTiB
Medics, Pby«iuiogy, Anetoiny, nod Chorn-
iatrj. Tliu tii^kets aud lliploinaa of
Eclectic, Hnmceopalliic', or Buttuio Col-
leges, or College* devoted to anj paKnlittr
BjriCem of Medicine, are conaidered ir-
regular and will not be reeogoiaed under
any L-ircamstances. Ci^rtiflcatei from pre-
ceptors wtio practise soy pecaliar ijstcm
of Medicine, or who adcerliae or violate
in any way the code of ethica adopted by
the Profeeaion, irill not be received under
any circumatancee. The three yoara ol'
■ludy are required bj the Charter of tbe
College,

11. — City op New Ydue DsirBBan'T

Faoolti of Mbdicinb
W«i organiacd in 1811. Its building ia
unanrpaiaed by nny Medical College in
the United Stntea. It hu it« present site
directly oppoajte tbe entrance to Bellerae
Hoapitol, on twenty-aitth Street.

Ttie general lecture room will aeat five
hundred atndeate, and ever; facility it
provided lor Clinical and Didactic Ingb*nc-

The diaaecting room, containing an area
of nearly three thouaand aquare feet, haa
bMn oonslractud with eapocial attention
to light and ventilation.

There are three liirgc Chfmkal and
Fhsiiological Laboratoriel, a«d a larga
MimeuBi.

BBqirtKBKENTS FOB aBADTTATiaH

CandldutcB for the Degree of Doctor of
Medicine must fauve uttended two full
Coaraes of Lectnrea, the lattir in this
College. They rouat Lava atndied Medi-
cine tbree jeara, ander the direction of a
regular Physician or Surgeon, and have
attained tbe age of twenty-one yeara.
Each candidate ia required to write a
Medical Theais, and to depoait it with the
Dean of the Faculty. Full certiflcatea of
the time of atndy, of age, and of moral
character, must alao be funiiBbed.

He most paas Eiamlnationa separately
before tbe Profeaaorg of Snrgery, Cbemia-
try. Practice of Medicine, Materia Medico,
Aurttotny, Pbyaiology, and Oliatetrica.

Two Cammcncenienti take place an-
nually in tbe University, at either of
wbich the condidatea who have complied
with the above requirements may Gra-
duate. The firat is at the close of the
Winter, tbe second at the close of the
Spring Sesaioa.

'With a view to tbe establiahment of a
■jstematie, graduated scheme of taition,
Btndenta who have attended two full
Couraea of Lectures, and who have com-
pleted two years of atudy, may be ad-
mitted to Examination In Chemistry,
Anatomy, and Fbyaiology, and, if sac-
ceaaful, will be examined, at the expiration
of their foil Conrae of atudy, on Practice,
Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Snr-
gcry and Obatetrica; buttboae who prefer
it may have all their EiaminatioiiB at the
cloBO of their full term.

FBB8 FOB TQB WINTEB BRSSIOMS

Miitricubition Fee, Five Dollars.

Fees far the full Course of-Lectures by
all the Professors, 140 Dolhirs; for each
separate Ticket, Twen^ Dollars.

No additional cbarge for the Spring
term.

Ticket of the Profeaaor of Practical
Anatomy, Ten Dollara {Demonatni tor's
Ticket).

Graduation Fee, Thirty DolUre.

The ticketa mast be taken out at the
beginning of tbe Session.

Students who hsve already attended
two lull Courses of Lectures in otber rt^lar
schools are admitted on paying the Matri-
culation Feu and Seventy Dollura.

Students who have attended two full
Courses iu thia College, or who, having
attended one. full Course in aomc regularly
Batabliahed Medical t^cbool, Bba]'
quently attend one full Course
College, are admitted to a third Coi
of Lccturoa on paying the Matricnlatii
Fee only. Oraduatcs of regular sebol
are admitted on Qoneral Ticket, by piiyii
Matriculation Fee.

epftiNo BEsaia
Tbe Spring Seaainn combines Clinical
and Didactic teaching with daily Reoita-
tiona, tbas aflbrding efGcient and Byat«-
matic instruction to the Hdvanced atadent
ns well aa to tbe beginner. Recitations
will be held daily by the Profeasora in the
College building ; these Recitatiooa will
embrace Surgery, Anatomy, Prnetice of
Medicine, Pbysiolegy nud Histology, Chem-
iatry, Materia Medica, and Obstetrics.
Lectures will be given daily by the Pro-
fessors of the Past-Graduate Faculty.
Two Clinical Lectures will be given daily,
eitber at Bellevne or Charity Hospitals,
or the Manhattan Eye and Ear BoBpital.
The DiBsecting-Koom will he open duiing
the first two months of the Session. The
Chemical, Microacopicaljond Physiological

■ving
larly

1

i

NORTH AMERICA

171

I

Lalxiratoriea will be open daring; tbe Sea-
tion for practiol matructioa io thoee
I branche*.

■ This Course begins iu the first week
■of Murvh, and ends the h-ttn part of May.
P ' StndentB who have attended the Wialer
' .Coune of Leetnrea will be admitted to
the Spring and Snmmer Couraa J'ree of
Bharge, oic^pt tbe Matricnlation Fee.
Those who have not attended the Winter
Cunrae will be admitted on payment or
the Matriculation Fee and Thirty Dollara;
■nd, should they decide to become pupils
of the University for the Winter Coucae
ensaing, tbe I'hlrty Dollars tbua paid will
bo credited to them on taking oat their
tii^keta fortliHt Courae. The atudout will
tbererore gain in this manner three
lotitha' inslrnctJOD free of cost.

III.-

certnin Sesaiona only the Lectures upon
uertain brunch ca.

Preceptora are eameetly recommcniied
to adviee sncb of their atndcnta as can
afford tliB time, to pnisae the latter Course.

II. — Candidntea must have porsned the
study of Practical Anatomy during otia
""' ' Seaaion of this College, o

regular Seasi

Otherwiaa called tbe College ot Phjsi-
snd Surii^eons, was chartered in
1807, and ia n Member of the Aasodatioii
of American Medical Colleges.

^H^begi

The collegiate jetir emhrac
Spring and a rcgolar Winter oessiun. at-
tendance daring the former is optional,
dnringthe latter obligatorj.as a pre-reqni-
'■ for Graduation. Tbe Spring Session

_ ins March 10th, and ends May Slat. The
Ignlar Winter Session begins October lat;

id huti till the fallowing March. Stu-
_ Alts can Matriculate for the year at the
fae^nning of either Session.
■ No ijdieta admitting to Lectures of
current Winter Seawon are issued to ati
dtnts who do not apply for them before
December Isl.

rin Medicine, must have attended
Courees of Didactic Lectures — 1. A
amy ; Z. Physiology j 3. Chemistry
Muteria Medica and Therapeutics i 5. ■
tetricsi 6. Surgery; 7. Pathology aud
PractiOkl Medicine.

The second of these two Courses
have been giveu at this College dur
Winter Session or Sessions-
It Is optional with a atndent
deuros to Gnidaate at this College
whether he shall complete his attendanc
upon the required two fhlt Courses <
Lecturei in two regular Sessions, or shall
complete such attendance in three
more cegdu' Sessions, by atteudlng during

I otlier rfgular

[I. — Candidates must have studied
iioine three years, nnder the direction
\ tegular Phyaieiaii or Surgeon, have
ined the age of twenty -one years> and be
of good moral character. Fall certificatea
ting those facta must be fnrnlahed.
The phrase Tegular Physician or Sur-

on" ia used in the sense commonly

iderstood in tbe Medical ProfeasioD. Cer-
tillcatea of Preceptorships from Eclectic,
HomcBopathic, or other ao-called "irregu-
lar" Proctitionera, will not be recdved,
even if such Fractitionera be GradQatea
of regular Medical Schools.

IV. — Each candi<^to is required to
depoait with the Secretary of the Faculty
a Thesis on some Medical subject, written
by himself, and to paaa a satiafsctory
Eiamination before the College Facatty
in the seven branches of Medical Science
taught in the Lectures of the Winter
Session.

A candidate who has completely fniied
to paaa hia Eiaminations for the Degree
of Doctor in Medicine, may appear a
aecDUd time for Eiamination at the end
of not less than five monthai bnt if, on
so appearing, he a second time completely
fail, \i» must therealter Matriculate, and
attend, at this College, a third fnU Course
of Winter Lectures, before heja allowed
to appear a third time for Examination.

A candidate is admitted to tbe said third
Course of Lectures ou payment of the
Matriculation Fee only.

A student who has attended two Courses
of Lectures, of which the tecoad hai been
at Ihit Colt'-gt, npon Anatomy, Phyaiology,
and Chemistry, or upon any one or two
of these subjects, may, if he wish, appear
for Eiamination in auch of the said sub-
jecta OS he has so attended, upon the
completion Of his second Course in the
BBme ; auch an Examination in any of tbe
said snhjects, if satisfactory, is accounted
flnal.

I
I

All Fees are payable in advance,
necessary oipeuses for Graduation i
College, for a atudent who att^"''

MEDICAL BDDCATION AND PBACTICB

I ■Winter Sewiona, liaving Uten no previoo*
r Coarse at «Bother tegular Medical School.
ixe u fullown:

Firtt Winter Sarion

Dollu*.
UatricnlBtion (good for a Spring and

Winter Seuion) .... 5
TiL'kets for the fnll Coone of Lectarea 140
Pnictical Anatomy Ticket . . .10
Anatomicnl mut«riul (at one DoIIbt

each "part "J, not ovor , , 6

Total . , 160
Second Winter Seaio»
ft Untriculation (good lU above) 6

E !rickot« for the full Couno of Leo-
I tnre« ...... 140

I Qradoation Fee .... 30

jallege. aa a neceaisary I'roliminary
itnd;. Only Graduates of thi> College,
■□d candidaCea for Oraduation thereat who
bavepaued their EiRminatioiis, arc exempt
from the nctlon of tliia rule.

Tlie Feea for attendance npon the Lec-
tarea on one or more of the seven branches
of atudy taught during the Winter ScaeioD,
■re at tnc rate of Twenty Dollnra for each
bran ell.

A Graduation Fee of Thirty DollaM
muat be paid by every one wlio receivea
Uie D^ree of Doctor in Medicine before
I obtaining bia Diploma.
I The Feea for Practical Anatomy
IpiToo above.

8 Cu dents who have already attended two
full Courgca of Lectureg in other rejnila
Schools, and GmduBteB of othec regulo
Schools wbo will be of lesa than three
years' atandlng at the end of a git
Winter Seaaion, are admitted to tbe full
Course of Lectures of such Session (not
including Practical Anatomy), on paying
the Matricnlation Fee and Seventy Dollars.

For attendance upon Lectun>s on a lesa
number of bmnchea of atudy than the
fioven branches which make up a full
Course, such abudenta and Graduates will
bo granted no reductions in Feoa.

Students who have attended two full
Winter Courses of Lectures in this College,
ir who, having attended one full Course of

have nbteqitenlUi attended one (oil Wint a
Course of Lecture* in this College, H^l
admitted to a Third CoorBe (not including
Practical Anatomy), on paying the Hatri-
cnlatioQ Fee only.

(N.B. — Excepting the Annual Matricnla-
tion Fee of Five Dollars, the sum to be
paid in necessary Fees daring a, student's
Curriculnm at tbia College is the same
wbother that Curriculum be gone tbrougli
in two Sosaiona, or divided between three
or more Seswons.)

Graduates of this College, uid candi-
dates for Graduation who have paased their
Eiamlnationa, are admitted without Fee to
all Che Didactic and Clinical Leotores of
the Academic year.

Graduates irf other regn^r Schools, who
will be of three years' standing at the end
of a given Spring or Winter Seaaion, are
adniitCod to all the Didactic and Clinical
Lectnres of such Session on paying tbe
Matriculation Fee. Theological students
intending to appear for QrodnaCion in
Medicine are required to pay the same Feea
as other students.

Absolutely no rednctions or remiauoui
of estshliahcd Fees are granted for any
cause vrhatcVDT.

IV. — EoLHOTio Medio Ai Collbob Of

THB CITI OF NBW YoBE

Waa chartered in 1865. The fljllowiog
la extracted, word for word, from tlie

I Lect^ire

■I

Lect^ires in some regular Medical School,

"In this College Medical Science ia
taught in its comulete development, not
contracted by psrtiaan dogmatiem, which
would reject uaeful knowledge on accoant
of its Bourcoi, nor limited hy the Profes-
sional authority of London and Paris,
wliich liave not, during the present cen-
tury, been either infallible in opinion or
faruinost in Medical progress.

" The American Eclectic system is widely
different from tbe European systems (^
Medicine, Commonly called Alloputby and
'Homceopatby, which are not-Eclectic, but
partisan in principle, their followers being
unfriendly to all Medical knowledge not
taught in their own Schools — an unfriend,
iiness which Old-School osaociations extend
even to the persons of Pliysicians who
differ in opinion from their atandard antho-
rities. Eclecticism aims to introduce
tbe Christian spirit of fraternity and co-
operation in a profession heretofore dia-
tinguished by diacord and intolersnce, to
which there was no exception until Amei^-
can roformera introduced the ethical prin-
ciple of toleration and freedom.

I

■

NOBTU AUERICA.

" The Old-School ajatcm ignores not only
tluB spirit of tolenitior, hut oeHrly nil
those signal improve monta In tha Art,
Stionee, nod Philoaophy of Medioine for
which the wdrld ia indehted to the Pro-
feasional independenca and origiosiity of
the Americaa PhyaicianB, whose liihours
during the present century have revolu-
tioniBed hotb the practice and the Fhilo-
Bophy of Medicine.

" Americin Eclecticiam recogniaee with
doe respect all that haa been done by the
followers of Allopathy nod Homceopathy,
but it claiina for American eiperienee and
American geiiiuB aa cordial a recognition
u it would give to the laboura of the moat
dietingniahed foreign teachcra and their
followerB. This recognition ot American
experience and originality is practically
the moit important characteriatic of Ameri-
can Eclccticiam ; aod the College, as its
■ole representative in the Atlantic States,
invites all who are entering the Uedical
profeaaionta avail themselTes of thelargei
resources which it presenta, as it alao in-
vites the Gradnutcs of other Collegea to
Attend its Courses and acquire a large
tmount of practical knowledge which may
greatly increase their Professional repotr

" The additional knowledge, conatituting
Amerieao progress, which is given in the
InstrnctioQa of the College, consista of new
remedies, new Tberapcutica, new Phyaio-
logy, and new Medical Philoaophy — on
amount of novelty sufficient to conatitnte
a revolution in Medical Science, and pre-
sent American Eclecticism oa its moat com-
Iplete development — the very commence-
uent of the great Medical system of the
fntnre, in which the folly and partisanBhip
td the past shall he lost.
" The Materia Medica of the Eclectic sys-
tem embraces remediea of very high im-
portance in practice. These, it ia true, a»
not at present entirely nnbnown in the Old-
School officinal catalogues, but they hnvf
for half-a-century heen either entirely
ignored ot practically neglected, ao aa to
have been rarely used, hecanso their merits
were unknown i and notwithstanding the
•uocesa of Eclectic Practitioners in their
Dse, Medical partiaanahip has been suffi-
dently blind and atnhbom to prevent their
general adoption, ao that until very re-
centlj.and even now in many caaaa.apotbc-
eariea have not been supplied with many of
these remediea, which are neceaaary
truly aueccBsful practice; and tlio j<
men who have entered the Medical pro-
f eauop daring the past thirty yetirs, hare

" Requisites for Oradnation ; Twenty-ono
'ears of age, three yeai-s' stndy under the
inperviaion of a repntable Phyaician, and
attendance on two full terms of instruction
in an Incorporated Medical College, the last
of which shall bo in thia College. Every
candidate nunat present a Theals of his
production on gome Medical anhject."

The Fees for instruction (to be paid in
idvance) are as follows :—MatricQlation,
''ive Dollars! for each full Course of
Lectures, Fifty Dollarsj Demonstrator's
Ticket, Ten DoUarsi Graduation Fee,
Thirty Dollars. Certificates of Scholar-
ship, entitling the holder to keep a student
in the College for ten years from the
date, 500 Dollarsj Perpetual Scholarship,
1000 Dolkrs.

V. — Nbw Yoek Febb Mbbioaii Collbgb

EOB WOUEN

Was organised in 1871. Inatmction is
given by tonrteen Pcofeaaors and a Demon-
strator of Anatomy. The Uospitala of the
City are all open to the atadenta of this
College. The only Fees are : — Matricula-
tion, Five Dollars! Qraduation, Fifteen
Dollars. Two full Courses at the School
must bo attended before the Examination
for the Degree con be passed.

Was organised In 1859. Tho following
is extracted, word far word, from the
annual annonocement for 1879 :

" Aa baa heou repeatedly explained in
previonaannonncementa, the regular Carri-
colum of Inatrnction in this College ex-
tends over three entire years, including
three full but distinct Conrsea of Lectores.
Cliuirs, and Demonatrationa, arranged at
far aa possible in accordance with tha
natural and progressive order of topics.

" Ai in tho case of the graded Couriu ot
stndy, already referred to, this experiment
of requiring a more prolonged Terra of
Collegiato attemtanee was originally adopted
from a conviction of its great importanoe,
but also with no little tniiety a* Ui the
extent to which it would tia afinepted by
student* and sustainsd hy tlio profcssi'Ui.
In these respects also the snthorities of tlis
College feel juaUAsd Id (li«tt mUVB br tha

174

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

I

" Not to iDBko the Tefonu too Bhmpttj',
the icpeptDDce of tlie threu jean'. Course,
though strongly remru'OHudBd, has hecn
until now l«fc optional with tbe Btodenta,
and cUb order of Lecture*, iic, hu been
■o nrninged ax to tonke it pouible for tlinse
who wi elected, to complete the Cnrricolam
io two yeuTB.

" Each year lince the new arrangement
went into effect, tha proportion of atadenta
who have entered for three year*
iteadilyincrcued, until now they const:
tliG larger pari of every claa«,aDd the pro-
feHsioQ and the public, with oua laice
approve.

" Kncounigi?d by these facta, and after
due consideriition, the Faculty of this College
lilt year decided l« adopt for the fntnre
the rule of the three years' Course exelu-
tivulg, witb such modifications as are hero-
in noted.

" Hereafter there will be three clHaaoa of
UndergTBdoate studonta in College, to be
called the Junior, the Middle, and the
Senior Class. The Cauree of Instruction
for each class shall occapj a year, and the
entire Course three years i but students
may be admitted to either of the advanced
classes upon a satisfactory Exainination in
the abndies that hnvo been already pnraapd
by the class for which be applies, and in
any case of application for admissloD to
the Senior CIhbb, the applicant mast give
evidence of bU having complied with the
legal requirements of this State.

" Each class will pursue its own desig-
nated Course of Lectures and study, but
advanced students may atteud any of the

and Middle Classes which they desire to

"In nsaigning atudents who have at-
tended a partial Course, due allowaace is
made for previous attend Knee.

" It is intended that tbe inetrnctiou in
each of these departments sball be so
thorough as to satisfy the requirements
of the Censors, and render a repetition of

the I
necessary.

"The key-note of Therapeutic teaching
here propounded and illnstratud will, of
course, continue to be the Bobnemaunian
formula, Similia aimiiibut eiirantar i but
this College does not set itself up as the
exclusive advocate of any School or phase
of Homceopathy. Among its Professora are
a holding varioas opiniaus on those

qoettions of Therapeatics tint are atill n
si-blled in oar School, and there ia no \
slriction upon the temperate promulgati
and advocacy of their views. In the coarM
of tbeir pupilage students will thns have
the advantage of hearing discussed the
principal points of theory and practice
upon wbich opinions are divided, undar-
conditions the best calcnlated
them to form a souud judgment.

I

1

of each term.

" Members of the Junior and Middle
Classes may be examined on the brancbei
they have pursued. That Examination, if
satisfactory, will be considered Gnnl as to
those studies, ind a certlBcate will be
given to that effect. If found deficient in
any departtuent a student of tbe graded
Coarse may apply for a Second Eiamina>
tion at the beginning of the next t«rm,
and must, in any case, pass a satiafactorj
Eiamiaation in that branch before reoeiviug
his Diploma.

" Another feature in the Curricnlam ia
the strictness of the Final Eiamiaatioiu.
The Members of the Faculty wish it Id
bo expressly understood that thmr oon-
stsnt aim will be to Qnuluate none, but
tho roughly -qnolified Physidana, and they,
thereibre, take especial pride in tbe impsi-
tisl and scrutinising mauherin which the
Final Examinations of the candidates for
Graduation are conducted. Every appli-
cant for the Degree of the College mnst
answer satisfactorily three distinct series
of questions: — 1st. Those propoanded in

iting, 1

wbich '

required. 2nd. Those given orally, Srd.
Those of the Censors, The Phyticiana
composing the Board of Censors are not
Members of the Faculty, and are tlius
enabled to form a more impartial idea of
tbe proficiency of the student.

" Candidates for the Def;ree of Doctor of
Medicine must, in accordance with the
law of the State of New York, be twenty-
one years of age, of good moral character,
must have studied Medicine three years
with a qaaliSed Physician in regular
standing, must present a certificate of at
ieoat one Course of Practical Anatomy,
also an acceptable Thesis in their own
handwriting, and must sustain soch an
Examination in each department of the
Course as shall be satisfactory to the
Faculty and tbe Censors. Tho Thesis
may be in Latin, German, French, or
Eiigliab."

NOBTH AMERICA

178

Pees for one CoiirBO of Lectures . 135
Fee foe Graded Coarse, including;
Lectures tur the entire term of
three jenrs or longer, issued
□nlj to etudenta who agree t«
attend three Coaraes of Loo-
tures, in»arial)lj in adTOOce , 200

Matriculation Fee 6

Practical Anatomj 10

■ Grndunliion Fee ...... SO
Gniduatea of other Medical Col-
Icgea 60
Fee for Spring Conree .... 25
VII. — New Tohk Mkdioai, CoWiBBk

ABB HoaPltil KIB WOMBK
la B Hon (BOpnthic InstitaCioa, and was
organised in 1863. Instruction ,ia given
by eleven Profeaaora, two Lecturora, and a
DemonatratOT of Anatomy. Clinical in-
Btmction ii given at the College Hoapital.
The Feea are: Matriculation, Five Dol-
lars i Lecture Ticketa, Seventy Dalian;
DemouBtrator'a Ticket, Five Dollara; Gra-
duntioQ, Ten Dollars. Fee for the whole
three years' Conrae, IBO DoUara. No can-
didate can bo admitted to Examination far
the Degree unlesa she prove by certificate
tbat ahe baa attended throe full Cuaraes at
> Ibis School.

VIII. — Woman's Mbbioai Collbob oj

Nbw Yobk Invibhabi
Was nrganiaed in 1866, and baa nine Fro-
feasora, two Lecturers, and a Demonstrator
nfAuatomy. The Feea ore : MatricQlatian,
Five Dollara; Lecture Tickets, 115 Dol-
lars; Graduation, 'I'birt; DuUars. Candi-
dates for Fiamination for the Degree ninat
bavu attended two f uU Canrees of Lectures
al the ScbooL

» SYRACUSE

SYBAOnBB Unitkhbity Mkbical
FaodlTy
Dthcnvlse known as the College of niy-
alciana and Surgeons, was organised in
1873.

** In Jnne, 1876, it formaily adopted a
systematiscd Courao of inatruction tliree
years in length, extended the College year
from five to nine montha, and made such
other changes in Ita Curricolam as should
ensure in all its Qraduatei a thorough pre-
paration for Medical practice.

"Tbia radical departare from the mc-
thoda of instruction followed in moat
Amsrloan Schools bat proved so satisfac-

tory in its results, that It is dctennini?d to
ad hero to it.

" The clinnge from the old to the now
was not made without some aacrificos ; and
it is hoped that the time ia at hand when
the profession will recognise the honest en-
deavour of the Faculty to effect that reform
n Medical teacbing which has long been

HKQITIBBMBtJTS F

Candidates for the Degree must be
twenty-one years of age, and of good cha-
racter. Thej must present evidence of
having studied at a recognised Mcdiral
School three full years, the laat of which ,
at least, mast have lioen spent In this
School. They must also pass satisfactory
Final Examinations before the Board of
Censors, who are not Members of the
Faculty, but are appointed by the State
Medical Society, the Central New York
Medical Association, and the County Me-
dical Society.

cither te
For Graduation

Dollan

S5 00

The Fee for the third year to stndents
who have fully paid for the first and second
years wiU be Fifty Dollara.

Students In the Chemical Laboratory
will be charged Five Dollars per term for
Chemicals used.

Students not in the regular Course,
receiving inBtrnctlon inoneor twobrancbes,
are charged, aftfir Matri eolation, Eighteea
Dollars per term for a single study.

NORTH CAROLINA

The population of tbia State is nearly
2,600,000, and there are about 1200 Mediral
men- There la free trade in Medieiiia
here. The followiog is the only Medical
College in the State :

WILMINGTON

The Coi^leos op PnrBioiANS and
StrBaEONB
Was organised in 1871. Clinical instrnc-
tion is given at the Wilmington Dis-
pensary, tho County Almshouse, and the
City and Marine Hoapitala, The Fees
are: Matriculation, Five Dollars; Lecture
Ticketa, 120 Dollara; Single Ticketa,
Tnentj Dollars each; Demonstratiir'a

Ticket, Ten Dolkra; Graduition, Thiit;
Dollara. Tbo TOjulrmiieitta for Gradusi-
tion are : twentj-UDB yeait at age ; three
years' study of Medicine with a Practi-
tioDcr; two Courses at a Miidictil School,
the Inat at this College ; an Examinntioa
OQ all tbe Beren principal branches.

OHIO

Thia State has a population of over
3,OOU,000, ttud there are about SSUO
Medical men. Aoy person who has at-
tended two fnll Couraes of iUBtructian,
and grodaated from some School of Medi-
Ciuc cither in the United tJtateg or a
foreign coantry, or who can produce a
certidcate of qualification from some State
or coDotnf Medical society, and is of good
moral character, may practise Medicine,
and charge and receive compensation for
his Borvicea. Any one who has been in
practice for ten years continuously, hefore
the passing of the Act, is cousidered to
have complied with these oondiUons j or. if
he has bi^en in continuoua practice for five
years, he has two yean in which to
comply with these conditions. Any one
who Uvea in, or comes into this State, and
practises Medicine in any of its depart-
ments, or performs any Surgical operation
upon any person in tiiis State, in viola-
tion of the foregoing requirements, will be
punished, for the Snt offenee, by Bne of
ftom Fifty Dollars to 100 Dollars, and for
the second, in addition to the fine, by im-
prisonment in tbe jail of the county where
the oBenco waa committed, for thirty days,
and he will receive no compensation for bis

CINCINNATI

I. — ClHOtNHATI COtLBOB OP PHTBICIANH
AMD StrUSBONS

Is one of tbe oldest Medical Collegea in
the West, and waa organised in 1810.

BGQUIBBUSKTB FOS aRADUATION

1. Candidates for the Degree of Doctor
in Medicine muat have attended two foil
Courses of Leetnres — tbe last one in this
College.

S. They must have stndied Medicine for
three years under the direction of a regu-
lar Fhyeician or Surgeon, have attained
the age of twenty-one ^enrs, and be ol
good moral character,

3. Full certificates attesting these facts
mugt be farnishcd.

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

THeph,

regular pht/niniat
geon " n ineo ih the lente commoHljf •iM
tlood in the Medical profetnoii. Ceri_
ealei of preceptorrhip from Ecleeiie,
ffonnBOpal&ic, or ol/ier lo-ealted " irre.
Sutar " prattiHontri, isill not be receivad.

1, Each candidate is reqoired to deposit
with the Secretary of tbe Faculty, six
weeks prior to his Examination, a. Thesia
on some Medical nihject written on Thesis
paper in his awn handwriting.

5. At the close of the session each can-
didate must pass a satisfuctory Examina-
tion before the Faculty.

G. A certificate from the Demonstrator
that the cnndidiite has been engaged ia
the stndy of Prjctical Auntom; will be
required. He must have attended Hos-
pital Clinics at least one session.

7. The Degree will not be coafcrred on
any candidate for Graduation who absenta
himself from the commencement exercises
unless by ipecial permiuion of the
Faculty.

Tht Faeultg mill puhlielg revoke the
Diploma of any Gradttate ij/ liii Coltepa
ieho 4hall at any time engage in theprac-
tioe of any irregular tyttem (ff Medieine.

Dolljira.

General Ticket .

. 75 00

. 6 00

. 5 00

Hospital Ticket . . .

. 5 00

Gradnatiou Fee . .

. 25 00

This College is a Member of the Asso-
ciation of American Medioul Colleges.

II, — ECLKCTIO MBDIOAI iNBTmjTB

The following is extracted, word for
word, from tbe Annual Announcement for
1879-80.

" The Eclectic Medical Institute, organ-
ised in 1813, chartered by tbe Ohio Legis-
lature in 1816. was tbe ontgrowth of the
popular dissatisfatition with regnlar, or
Old-School Medioine. The antiphlogistic
prtictice of the early part af the century
had grown to saeh proportions that many
people would not endure it, and they
gladly accepted anything that promised
relief. From the botanic practice of an
earlier day the Eclectic system of Medi-
oine was gradoalty developed by Dra.
Beach, Morrow, Jones, and others, and its
aucceaa made a demand for Pbyaicians of
this School, which was met at Qrst by tbe
organisation of the Wortbington Medical
College in 1832, the Eclectic Medical In-
stitute being its successor. It was a vig>

NOltTH AMERICA.

177 I

orouB proteiit ngftiinBt the practice of tlie
dny, nnd tlierc was no uncertainty in thv
iBBucH made. It wu asBertsil on the one
hund thnt diaeaae mimt be crushed out b)
the use of tba lancet, mercnriala, anti-
mony, harsli purgution, blisters, and simi-
lar means, tind on the other, that diaeaBe
VBS an inpnirnient of life, and that all
remedial means ahonld be directed to the
conservation of this life. On the ore aide
blood-lotting, calomel, antimony, opium,
and blisters, were the principal agencies
ein|>loyed, nnd the treatment was called
antiphlogistic On the other, the reme-
dies were principally from the indigenous
Materia Medico, and the treatment waa to
a contiderable extent reatorstive.

"The now prai'dce was vigorously op-
.poaed, its supporters called quickfl, and
charlntana, and every means, creditable or
diaereditttble, were mjide uao of to cmah it
out. In ■□ far se the Oovemment, atute
and national, cnuld be inHnencod, it was
influenced against ns. Popular prejudices
were eioited at Wortbington witti refer-
ence to lubjecb for dissection (snppoicd
grave-yard robberiea), until it cnlmioated
in mob violence, and the Cr)llege was
forced to remove. The charter of the
Eclectic Medicul Inetitute was obtained
with the irreuteat difficulty on account of
this opposition, the most DDscrnpaloua
muans being employed to defeat it. But
atep by step the battle waa foneht and
won, antil this Scbiiol or Medicioa has
become a power in the laud, and even iCa
opponents respect it.

" The Eclectic Medical Inatitnte boa
fought this battle with but a moderate
■monnt of assistance from the Colleges at
Worceater, Syracuse , nnd other places.
The men are yet living who have suffered
from the persecotion of the past, and they
are not likely to forget the differencea be-
tween Otd-Schoul and Eclectic Medicine,
and it will be a long time before they will
affiliate with their opponents. We wiah
it dialinclly underetood that the syatcm of
JMdicine that wo deaignate as EcUelieum
" distinctly and radically diflercnt from
" I of other Schools, and if we did
It superior no woald not teach

" Whilst thus emphatic in the exproaaion
of one belief, we do not wish tn be under
stood as dealing a like liberty of opinion
and action to others. Let every man

Kmlne thu teachinga and the practice of
three Schools of Medicine, and select
t which ia moat rcaaonahle, and that
ich gives the greatest succcsa. Always

willing to accept the good ft;om any
source, and to (;ive proper credit for it, it
would be nothing more than fair to aslc
that others should teat what we oifer, and
give us credit when it ia found good.

"The Eclectic practice of Medicine, as
taught in this College, has been thoroogldy
tested in all parts of the country, and its
success has proven its Huperiority. Sta-
dcuts going out from its balls have been
able to do a successful and lucrative pmc-
tice from the first, and have not been
obliged to wait years for recognition.
This depends as much on the methods of
tescbing, as upon the remedies used, the
object being to point out the relation
between the symptoms of disease nnd the
action of remedies so that the merest tyro
in the profession may know it.

" We teach Specific Medication, and wo
propose to present it in such form that
the student can make uae of it. The re-
medies are to be pleaaunt in form, amall in
dose, cartain in action, relieving the un-
pleasantneaa of disease, shortening its
duration, and saving life. If a student of
ordinary ability will give dne diligence to
atiidy nnd attendance upon Lectures the
required time, we will promiae him a huo-
cessfnl practice of Medicine, and as it is
free froui the oncertainties of the ordinary
practice, he will be free from many of the
anxieties of profeasional life.

" Let every man be guided hy his convic-
tiouB. If he believes the Eclectic system
of Medicine the best, let him by all means
attend an Eclectic College. 'No man can
serve two masters,' and the man of strong
convictions, earnest resolves and penever-
ance, will he the snccessful man. It
ahonld be widely known that old-achonl
colleges will not recognise the time of
reading nnder an Eclectic Physician.
They are always ready to take the money
of our Eclectic atudonts, hut they will not
treat them with fuiriics-<, and ore prohibi-
ted from Graduating thera. A consider-
able nnniber of cases have come nudcr our
observBtion where students have been
reftiaed Examination, though they have
complied with all the requirements of the
Coth-goa."

Students applying fnr Graduation must
have read Medicine for three jesra and
attended two full Courses of Lectures, in
ditrurcnt years, the but of which hns bera
in thia Institution ; or have read two years
and attended three Conrses of Lectures;
or have attended four Coarse* of Locturei

178

MEDICAL BDDCATIOS AND PRACTICE

[

without pri-Yious rculiiig. Practitionora
or Medicine ninj obtain their Dpgrccd by
sttending- the couaecutivu Winter and
Spring SeraioQB.

Kiomlnntiotii for tiic Degree of Doi^tJir
of Medicine will be held at the close of
both Winter bdiI Spring SegsioDB, bnt
there will bo but one public Commenoe*
ment je«rlT— nt the close of the Spring
SflKBion, >nil all Diplomia will bear date of
the dnt Taewtaf in Juno.

Nn Diplomni nill be issued except on
nctuRl iittcndaiico and Einmination ; the
Corporttion grants no Degrees to Aoho-

Tho Foes, including Matricalntion, Tui-
tion, and Demongtrator'a Ticket, will be
Sevontj'fi'e Dollars; Graduation, Twentj"-
flye Dollars. The Fie, art cati <n all
catft. Bonrd can bo had at fmm Thr<%
Dnllare Fift; Cents to Kive Dollara per

III. — Meoioil Collsob or Ohio
Wiia oi^aniaed in ISIO. The Faoultj
ri'conimend a three years' Coarse, with
the pursuit of speeiul studies for each
ynB-t, At the Einminntian for tho Deip-ee
the questiODS and answers are in writing.
Tho presentation of aTbeMS is left optional
with the student. The Pees are— Mntrl-
enlation, Sre Dollarsi Professora' Tickets,
BeTcntj-flve Dollars ; Dissecting Ticketj,
live Dollars; Practical Chemistr;, five
Dollars i Hospital Tiekets. live Dollars
each ; Orsdnation, twentj-Sve Dollars.
This College is a Member of the Associa-
tion of American Medical Schools, and
grnnta Degrees according to the Articles
of Confederation.

IV. — MlAUI Mbdical Colleqb
Was organised !□ 1952. There is a fine
Museum here.

REQITIHEMEBTB FOR OfiADDATION
The candidate lor the Degri'C uf M.D.

1. Must produce satistactorj evidence
of good moral ebftraoter, and of hsving
attaitiod the age of twenty-one years.

2. He must produce a satisfactory cer-
tificate of having studied Medicine at
IcHflt three years, under a regular Gra-
duate, or Licentiate, or Fractitiouer of
Medicine of good standi n^.

3. He must tiiive attended two fntl
Courses of Lectures, of which the Hrat one
mny have been in some other recognised
Medieal College, and the last in this Insti-

tution. The lectures of the epriiig Hn
cnnuot be i^oanted as a regnlar Connc

4. lie niiist have pursued tlie in*
of Practical Anatotny under the dliKlis
of the Deinonstmtiir of Anatoniy.

5. He mast have taken one Com J
Practical Chemistry, under the HrrrSa
of tlic ProfesBor of Chemistry

6. He must have attended tbe CEsial
Course of the City Hospital.

7. He must notify the Secretin *
the Fseulty of hia inteution of heconiti
a candidate, depositing the QntdaatiDii Fa
on or before Jutiunry IStli.

8. Every candidate rnnst undeigi'i
full and satisfactory ExurainBUaaoiiisi
branch taught at the Cotle^.

9. Students may become O
after attending tvro full Conrsei of L*
tnrca at any accredited Dentil CoHw
where full Coni-Bes are given on J
Materia Medico, Physiology, and tW
istry, after attending' one full Couis ■!
this College, and two Courses on SurfBI.
Practice of Medicine, and Obstetrics.

Students who have attended two M
Courses of Lectures on Chemisti; "*
Materia Medica at any recognised Ciilli?
of Pharmacy, will be admitted to *
Eiaminations for the Degree of SLD.,«(W
attending one fnli Conrse of Leetiuw*
this College, with two Conrses on Alni«^.^
Surgery, Practice of Medicine, Phyji^.
and Ohatetrice.

A priieof One Hundred Dollars inM
will ba presented at the close of IheSa
to the student who, on EiaminatJoD. n-
hibits the greutest proficiency in taA^
the branches taught in the College. 1'
Members of the GradaatiDg Chut ■"
compote for this prize.

PBSa AND BXPBirsEa

Matricniation Fee (annuallvj . 6 HI
RcgnUr Lecture Term . . 75 (»

Gradniition Fee . . gj gi

DcmonetTBtor's Tioliet .
Hospital Ticket

Gradnatea of other Schoolg, of not Iw
than three years' standing', who sH^
this College with the expectation of 0»
dual.ing, will pay fifty Dollars toi^
Matriculation Fee.

Alumni of this Institution, atudoflt* »l-
have paid for two full t'ourses, and fffl
duatos of throe yearg' Btanding in 1
tccredited Colleges, are entiUed to tl

NORTH AHEBICA.

free of aU ebargea. StiuleilU who hnve
attended two full CoarBSs of Lectarea in
unj aciTedibid Madiiml CiAlege, will Ik
Rdmitted to all the Lectures of one regnlar
Course in tlie MiBmi Medical Ccilloge, on
pajinetit of Forty Dollars. Gradnatea of
otber CoUei^g, of leas thao tliree jeare'
Btxndiug, will pay a Fee of Fifty DoUara.
To Qraduates of afCB|itad Dental Colleges
and Colleges of PhBimacy, tbe full Fee
for a Geueral Ticket will be charged. This
College is a Member at the Asaociation of
Aineriuaa Medical Cullogo^.

v.— FnYaro-MKDiOiL Inbhtutb

Bi'quirea for Oraduntioii : 1. AtbeedBiice on
two terms of Lectarea. 2. The pursuit of
private Anatomical instruction during at
leant one of the Lecture terms, and during
bo(h terms if the progress of the Itudent
in tlie first term be not aatiiif«etory, 3.
Attendance in Hospital daring both terma.
4. A aatiaractory itritteii Eiamiaation at
the end of tbe second term. The Feca
aru: Matriculation (annually), five Uullars;
ProEcKHors' Tickets, seventy.ave Dollaia ;
Qradiiation, twenty-five Dullors.

VI.— PULTB MSBICAL COLLBGB

(H Du<Ea F ATn la)
The Feea at this College are : One term,
seventy-five Dollara; Gradoation, thirty
DollBrJ. The candidates for the Degree
must produce evidence of three yeara'
study with a regular Graduate ; of two
Courses of Lectures at a Medical School,
the liut of which Courses must have been
at this School; and mnat pass an Exami-
nation before tbe Faculiy.

I

BBtilSTBATION

Tl>u beginning of each atndont's Course
«f Lectures shall date from the timeof ■-"
r^iatrntion. In order, therefore, to
accredited with a full Coarse each studi
■hall, before sttendanee on tbe Lectures,
ginter his name and residence, together
with Che name and residence of his Pre'
ceptor, in tbe presence of the Registrar
or hia Deputy, at bia Office. 386, Euoli '
Avenue. Each student, before attendance
npon Lectures, shall obtain tbn required
tickets, and be admitted to full Matricu-

PUBLIKINABT BliBIBATION

Stodents often enter Mudlcal Colleges

wbo are duOcUnt even iu English scholar-

ihip. This is greatly to he regretted.
Physicians ought not to receive as stndenti
" se who are not well fitted by previous
ning to enter npou tbe study of
Medicine.

This College requirea every atudent,
before Uutricniating, to pass a aatiafactory
inatiou in English schukrabi[i. It is
itended to make this a critical Ex-
What is required and inaiated
upon ia, that every student shall be able to
Bt>eak and write the English language cor-
rectly. GnuluOiteB from Literary, Scien-
tific, and High Schools will be exempt
from this Preliminary Eiamination.

Candidates for the Degree of Doctor of
Medicine mnat be twenty-one years of
age, and must have attended two foil
Courses of Lectures — the latter in this
College. They must have studied Medicine
three yeara, inoluding Lecture SeBaions,
under the Immediate instruction of soma
reputable Physician, and present a certifi-
cate of tbe aamc. They must approve
themselves to the Faculty and Board of
Censors, as possessing a good moral cha-
racter, a good Eni;lish scholnrahip, and a
satisfactory knowledge of Medicine and
Surgery, by well-anatained Examinations.
These EiaminatiouB wiLL be coudootad bj
written answers to printed questiona.

II. — The Westbhw Rksbbvb Coilkob

The candidate must be at least eighteen
years old, and must furnish satisfactory
evidence of good mora! character.

Ho will be Eiamincd in irriting to test
his educational Gtnesa for the proper and
advantageous study of the profrssion, and
will not be recei«ed unless he gives satis-
factory evidences of a fair English Edn-

Oraduates and Matriculates of Literary
and Scientific Colleges, and Graduated or
advanced Membera of High Schools and
Aeademies, will be Matriculated without
this Eiamination.

The candidate will also be required to
sign a certificate, pledging himself (o irre-
pronchuble conduct, in all raipect^i not
alone while in attendance upon College
duties, bat at all times while resident in
tbu City holding collegiate relations.

180

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

BKQtriaiTBa fob obiddatioh.

Ae tbis Inatitntioti is a Moinlx^r of tlie

AmericBii Medical College Asaociatioa, the

reqalsites for QnuluatloD are thoao required

Tlie cnndidate for Ornduatiaa mnethaTe
studied Medicine under areenlar Phvaioian
for three jesra, and have attendpd two fnll
Courses of study in Schoola of good etand-
ing. The last of these Courses must have
bcnn at this School.

The candidate for Examination is re-
quired, four weeks before the close of the
Seesion, to deposit witli the Dean a satis-
factory Thesis opon some Medical subject,
and certitlcato of time and study, and of
good mornl chnrsctcr, and to place in the

The Magcnra of Natural History occu-
pies a large and conveaieiitly-arranged
TOoai in the CQlle^e building, and embrace?
H collection of Natural History uuBurpasned
in variety and extent by any similar col-
lection in the West.

Tlie Anatomical and Pathological Hn-
aeum contains Preparations, Models, and
Drawings, the result of thirty years' indus-
trious collection, to ail of which the
students have free access.

___ Medical Colleges, and granta ] _
in conformity witli the Articles of {
federation.

Str&otosi
Is a Member of the American Medii
College Association.

Candidates for Onidnatinn must be
good moral character, and at least twenty-
one ycurs of age. They must have at-
tended two lull Conraca of Lectures in
ime regular and organised Medical School,
ae of wliich sliall bo in this College, and
mst exhibit their ticket«, or other siifE-
iBOt evidence thereto, to the Dean, of the
Faculty. They mast have studied Medi-
cine Tor not less than three years, and
have attended at least one course of Prad-
tical Anatomy. The aggregate Fees for
Lectures and inatrnction for ragalar term
. _ 130 Dollars, or, separately, MatricnU-
tioii. Five Dollars i Graduation Fee, Forty
Didlnra ; Dissecting Fee, Ten Dollars. '

II. — STlBUDa MeQICAI: Colleqh
Was organised in 1847. It has
Museum of Comparative Anatomy.

Students who have attended two full
CoDrsea at this College will he admitted
to subsequent Courses on payment of the
Mfltriculation Pee of Five Dollars.

Graduates of other Medical Colleges in
good standing will be admitted On payment
^ Five Dollars.

Gradoates of this College are admitted
free of charge.

DuUnrs.
Fee for all tbe Tictets . 60 00
Charity Hospital Ticket

(optional) E 00

Graduation Fee . . . . 30 00
Summer Session (to be

credited on Winter Ftes) 25 00
Applied Chemistry (op-

tionnl) 15 00

Ticket Fees to be paid at the beginning
of the Session.

III. — Unitebsitt op Woostkb
Medical Factjltx
Was organised at Cleveland in 1870.
There are aiitecn Pro lessors in tl.e Faeulty.
The expenses of this School are covered by
pajment of Eighty Dollars. This College
is a Member o! the Association of Ameri.

iraacion ree, roriy i

', Ten Dollars. [^M
ItCAL COLLEQH ^^1

It has a goti^^M
B Anatomy. ^^H

Dollan. ^H

. . . 6 00 ^M

. . . 40 00 ^H

. . . 25 OU ^H

ket . 6 00 ^H

have attained tb*<^l

Matriculation
Professors' Titkcti
Graduation Fee .
Den]onBtrBtor"s Ticket

SBQUiaiTEB FOB

The candidate must have attained
age of twonty'One years j devoted three
full years of study with some repotable
PraetitJooer of Medicine, including Lec-
ture terras ; attended two full Courses of
Medical Lectures, one of nhich shall be >it
this institution, or have attended the full
three years' Graded Course, which is much
the better plan.

At least nne Course of Practical Dissec-
tions will be required, and a snccesafnl
Examination passed before the Facnlty and
Officersof the College. Cortiflcattaortime
of study will be necessary.

The presentation of a Thesis is optional.

For Rules concerning Gradnates ef
other Colleges and all other matters in this
connection, see the Rules of the American
Medical College Association, to which this
ColleRe conforms in all particolars, being

Two CUnioal prizes are offered, namely,
by the Professor of Surgery, for the bmt

HOETH AMERICA

report of the Surgiral Clinics, a Pocket-
cage at Snrgicul Instramentat by the Pro'
fesaor of Theory and Pmetiee, for the best
report of his Clinics, Twentyflve Dollars
wlticb Hre open to compotitiou b; tbi
whole cUeb.

¥

OREGON

Population oE State, 100,000. Nnmbor

Medical men about 250. Theru is free

icine. The following is tbo

If Medical Collego in the State :

PORTLAND

TKB MBDI04I: PiOULTY OP WlLLAMETTB

Unitubsiit
Is a Member of the Association of American
Mcdiuil Colleges.

Students will be eiamined by the Dean
as to their literary and educational qualifi-
cations before Matriculating.

All Hntriculntee, in becoming such, are
understood aa pledging tbemaelves to a.
life-long fidelity to the code of Ethica of
the American MudiciU Associiition.

BEQITIBKUENTe

Tlie caudidat*) must be at least twenty-
one years of iga, and preaeut satisfactory
tcBtimonials of good moral character.

He mnst furnish suitable evidence of hla
having studied Medicine three years (in-
clnsivo of h IB attendance on Lectures) with
some regular Practitioner of Medicine.

He mnut liave attended two foil Cunrsos
of Lectures in some regnlar and recognised
Meiiicol College, the last of which shall
have beau in thU Institution ; and he must
exhibit his Tickets, or present other snffi-
cient evidence of bis having attended Lec-
tures as herein required.

He must have attended at least one
thorough Course of Practical Anatomy in
the Dissecting Room.

Ho must submit to the Faculty a Tltesia
upon some Medical subject, in Ilia own
baudwriting, and of hia own compositiou.

He must exhibit to the Faculty, at hia
Final Examination, aatiafactary evidence of
suitable ProfesBional attainmenla.

Tiie Degree will not be conferred upon
any candidiita who absents himself from
the Public Commencement, except by
special permission of the Medical Faculty.

For an ad tundem Degfrce u Diploma
from a regnlar Medical College, and
a BuUsfactory Examination in the Prac-
tical lirunobm, with the usual Fee, will be
nquired.

Fee for a full Course of

Lectures 120 00

Matriculation (paid but

once) e 00

Demonstrator's Ticket . 10 00

Graduation 30 00

Tickets for one or any of the depatt-
menta may be had separately.

PENHS^LTANIA

The population of thia State is more
than 4,000,000, and there are about 6,000
Medical men. No person is allowed to
commence or continue the pructicB of
Medicine or Surgery in the cDuntiea of
Indiana, Perry, Juniata, Bucks, Northamp-
ton, Lehigh, Elk (oxci'pt Bidgway ond its
township), Cumberland, Cameron, Ctfar-
lield, MontiDUT, and Fulton, who has not
Graduated with the Degree of Doctor of
Medicine, and reueived a Diploma from a
chartered Medical College, or other insti-
tution aobboriged to grant Diplomas. But
these provisions do not apply to persuns
who linvo been in continuous practice for
eight years prior to the passing of this Act,
nor to peraona who have read Medicine

Surgeon qualiSvd t« practise under this
Act, when such personr have the assent of
their Preceptor to practise. Any person
who shall practise or attempt to practise
Medicine or Surgery, or aholl prescribe for
uny sick person, or perform any sorgical
operation for Pee or reward, in violation of
the preceding section, shall be guilty of a
mtsdemeanoiu', and fined from One Ui SOO
Dollars, The same provisions and qualift-
cations as are contained above apply to the
counties of Dauphin, Cheater, Carbon,
Luxerne, Mercer, Erie, Blair, Bradford,
Sullivan, Crawford, Be»ver, Monroe. Wash-
ington, Venango, Lycoming, Huntington,
Schuylkill, Lawrence, Somerset, Phila-
delphia, York, Union, and Adams. But

TJiona who have been in continuous prae-

»fort . .

this Act, and Medical students w
ceptora are qualified under this Act tu
practise, provided such students do not
locate offices (Surgeries), or places of
bosinesa outside the office of their Pre-
ceptors respectively, are not prohibited by
these provisions from practiaing. An/

rsun who attempts to practise Medicine

Surgery, by opening a temporary office

any of the aforesaid counties, or who,

by handbill or other form of wrlttun or

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACHCB

I

printed advortieemenU, ru^igni anj pU
to meet persona aeeVing Medical or Sorgio.!
advice or preBcription, >ha11. before being
allowed to praotiae, appear before the
clerk of the courts of tho county,
fbmisb aatiifactor; evidence to hini
the proviaiooB of the t'oregaing Acts have
been complied nith, and ihall alao takeout
a licence for one year h; payment of a
lieenco Fee of 200 Dollars. Those pro-
apply to draggi-ts, nor
dentists, nor to Pliyaiuians or Surg.'ond
who commence practice in any of the afore-
said coiinCiea witb the intention of remain-
ing permaneatly- An; one who violatei
any oC these provisions will he gnilty of n
miedumoananr, nod paniahed by fine of
from 200 Dollnra to 500 Dollars, or by im-
prisonment, not eii^eeding ail months, at
the discretion of the court. Such is the
Medical law of one of the foremoat Statei !
Fortmist^ly for the Pvnnaylvuniatla, the
Regular Hedioal InstiLntioos, granting
Degrees in M^dioitiG, are now as respect-
able aa tile law ia bnd. The following are
the chartered Medical Colleges :

PHILADELPHIA
I. — Harheu&hh Medical Colleob
la a HomtDopathic Institution, and waa
orgnnisod in 18iS. The Fees are : Mstri-
culntian, Fift^ Dollurs (paid oooe oqIj) ;
one full Seanion of Lectures (two years'
Coorae), 100 Dollars j one full Srasion of
Lectures (tbtee yeiira' Conrae), Seventy
Doltara ; one full Seasion for atudeats '
liare attended two full Sewiions in a
acuredited Medical CoUegea. Fifty Dollars;
one full Session for students who have
attended one full Session in another ac
credited Medical College, 100 Dollara; oik
full Session for OraduHtes of other ac
credited Medical Colleges, Thirty Dollars,
Practical Anatomy and Sur||;ory, each Ten
Dollars; Practical Obstetricsaad Chemistry
(optional), each Ten Dollars ; Spring
Course, Fifteen Dollars; and Qrodnation,
Thirty Dollars.

Each student will bo required to present
to the Dean at the time of Matriculating,
a certificate signed by his Preceptor, aa
evidence of his qualification for the study
of Medicine. Blank forms may be obtained
by addressing tho Denn or Kegistrar.

Students may become candidntcs far
QradualJon who have attended two full

ms of Instruction in this Instituliou ;

le full Stssion only, in cose they have

attended one or more regular Senaiona in
another accredited Medical College.

The candidate must he at least twenty-
one years of age, of good moral character,
bave applied himself to the study of Medi-
cine for three years, hare been a private
pupil for two years of a respectable Prac-
titioner of Medicine, and must have at-
tended at least one Course each of Prac-
tical Anatomy and Praclicul Surgery.

When applying for Eiaminatlon. ha
must exhibit his tickets to the Dean of tbg
Fnculty, or give other satisfactory erldeH
of having complied with the regnlatiaDa

He must, by the Ist of Fehmurr, delf
to the Dean of the Faculty an Essay „
Thesia on some Mi<dical subject, in his owl
handwriting, composed by himself, cor-
rectly written, and must be able to defend
it during the EiaminaCion. On the pre-
sentation of his Thesia, the Gmduatfog
Fee mast be pnid ; if he is rejected, m '
Fee will be refunded.

The Thesis may be written i;
Latin, Oermiin, French, or Spanish, s
option of the candidate, and mm
written on Thesis paper, on one side of the
sheet only.

Tlie EiaminaUon fur Qradoation will
begin immediately aftpr the close of the
Course, and the C'ommencen ' " " "^

ring the Degree of the C
held OS soon after the close of theLecinfi
as practicable.

If it be found that any student has m.
attended a miyority of the Lectures, hi
may, if he has otherwise complied with
the regulations, present himself for Ex-
amination; but said Examination shall bo
conducted in writing, preserved, and sub-
ject to the critical inspection of the Faculty.
The true criterion of a student's ability to
practise Medicine is his knowledge. If he
Frequently nbnents himself from Lectures,
it is presumable that be feels himself fully
qualified. In no otiior way can the Faculty
test this than by an especially searching

A stndent who has attended one or more
Courses in a Medicul College in which
homceopathy Is not taught, mast attund
one full Session of Instruction in this In-
stitution, and. Id addition to the general
average reqalred for Graduation, he must
obtain a two-thirds average in the follow-
ing departments; — Homixopathic Insti-
tutes and Materia Medica; Practice of
"edicine and Clinical Me

Graduates of other accredited Hedlg
illeges, desiring to take the Diplou
is, may enter the Post-Oraduate C

lof th^^
iridea^^H
tiond^H
,dd^^H

hiBowl^^

f, cor-
tefend

oatio a

1.-4H

St b^"
of the

1 will

3f the

«nf^H

'iu aH

NOBTE AMERICA

IBS

and attend Lectures on the practical
branchoa only, on the following couditious;
At tbB opening of the Si'winn, appli-
canti for ndoiiwion to the Post-Graduate
Course moit appear before tlie FroresaarB
of Anatomy, Physiology, Cliemistry, Ob-
Btetricg and Operative Surgery, and be ei-

»«mined npon these snbjects, and such aa in
(lie judgment of said ProfeBsors are fonnd
^nalified, may devote tliemselvoBeiduBivelj
to the Lectures of the third year of the
gradedCourse. The final Eiamination will
he npon the braaebes of this Conrae only.
Students o( this Course cannot become
coDtestimts Tor the College prizM.

Tbe floal Eiamination will be conducted
in private by each Prof aasor, and the voUng,
in each case, shall be by ballot.

In unsatisfactory cases, the candidate
may, with the consent of the Facnlty, avai 1
himself of a second Exnminatton before
the Facnlty or the Board of Cnrators.

Pormal notice of each satiafaotocy Ei-
omination shall be given by the It«gUtrar
to the aUGcesafnl candidate, who shidlreaonl
his name and address npon the Rpgister of
Oiadnntes, with the title of bis Thesis.

Tbe names of the successful candidates
ahall be reported by the Kegistrar to the
Board of Corporation Trustees for coo-
cnrrence. in order that the Degree may bo
conferred.

A saccessfbl candidate shall not absent
himself from the (viblic Commencemenl

t without psrmiBMOQ Al*the Faculty.
A Thesis may be poblished by the candi-
date, permission of the Faculty being first
obtained.
II.— JSWBBBOH MKBlCiL COILEOB
■Was organised in 1836, and is a Member
sf the Assoeiatjon of American
Colleges. The new Hospital adj(
College baa 100 bedts «"d a 'arj.
theatre for 600 atudcnls. The College
pDBsesiea a flue Museum. A number of
prises are offered to stndeuts.

Medical

^V 1. The candidate for the Degree of

^^ H.U. must be of good moral charnoUr,
and at least tweoty-ono years of age.
must have attended at lesst two
Winter Seesionsof Lcctarea, one of which,

^^, ^ last, shuU have been in this College;

^Vjuid mult exhibit bis tickets, or other

^HMkqnste evidence of attendance, to the

^HSnn of the Faculty.

^^■T lie nnst have stnilied HodiuiDU for not

less than three years, and have attended

at least one Course of Prautical Anatomy

and of Clinical instmction. He must

present to tbe Dean of the Faoalty a

Thesis of bis own oomposition, correctly

ivritten and in his own handwriting, on

some Medical snbject's and exhibit to tbe

Faculty, at his Examination, BBtJsfaetory

evidence of his Professional attainmeuts.

2. Students who have atteoded one

tmpletc Course in a respectable Medical

lliool, whore uttendanueon two complete

Conrses is necessary to a Degree, and

here the same branches are taught as in

lis, are permitbed i« become candiilatea

by an attendance here on one full Caorse;

the rules of Grsduation being in other

ipects observed. Tliej are also el-

emjited from the payment of Fees upon

.tteciding a second term at this School.

Studeots of Dental Collvgos, where a
ive months' Winter Seasion is held, aud
where fall Courses are given on Anatomy,
Materia Medica.Pbysiologj.and Chemistry,
lay become candidates, after attendance
. 1 two Courses at snch Colleges, and
one full Course at tbe Jefferson Medical
Colledo, with two Couraefl on Surgery,
Practice of Medicine, and Obatetrios.

Students of Colleges of Pharmacy, where
fall Conrses are given on Materia Medica
and Chemistry, may become candidates,
after attendance on two Coursea at snch
Colleges, and one full Course at the
Jefferson Medical College, with two Courses
on Anatomy, Surgery, Practice of Medi-
cine, Physiology, and Obstetrics.

S, Stndenta who have attended two
full Courses on Anatomy, Chomietrj,
Materia Medics, or Institutes, may be ex-
amined on any of these branches at the
end of their second Course. They are
thus enabled to devote their last (3rd)
course to the Didactic Lectures on the
remnining branches, and to Clinical study.
The Facnlty record with satisfaction the
large and increasing number of students
who now avai] themselves of those Eiiimi-
natdons, and who attend three Courses of
Lectures before presenting themselves as
candidates for Qmduation. The atten-
dance upon the Summer Course of Lec-
tures has also greatly increased in
hers; and the Facnlty cai'nestly recon
all who have it in their power to ust

facilities for a complete Medical

No hoiLornry Degrees

1 Medici

MEDICAL EDDCATION AND PRACTICE

from tha public Com in mi cement without
IliG special permisaioa of tlte Fucnlty.

Fee to esob Profeasor, Twenty Dgllars,
in all, IW DalUrs; MflCricnlation Fev.
Five DnlUia, to be paid once oolj ; Orada-
Htkm Foe, Ttiirt; Dollura. Studeats wbo
have paid for two full Couraea are entitled
tlieresfter to attend tree of nil charge.

6. Stuclents who bave attended two
full Conraee of Lectnrea in otli«r ao-
eredited lledical Colleges are entitled to
tbe tickets of a fall Coarse in the JetTer-
BOQ Medical College for aeTenty Dollars.
Grodnatea of throe years' atandiug, of
other accredited Medical ColUgea are
required to pay the Matncalatioa Fee
odI;; to Qraduatea of leu Iban tbrra
years' lUnding. tbe Ft« far a Oeaeral
Ticket, ia Fifty Dollars. To Graduates of
accredited Dentul Callages and Colleges of
Fharmaey, tlie Fee for a Qeuer.d Ticket
ia 100 Dollars

Was estahlished to supply the want felt
of aa institution for tbe highest education
of men of colour. Tbe University itself is
situated in Chester county, but the facili-
ties for pursuing the study of Medicine
being so great in Philadelphia, that city
-was chosen for the site of its Medici
department. The Course of instmctiou
occnpies three years, and has a graded
k .Ooarse. Every candidate for the Mimical
"Degree must be a Graduate of the Faculty
^.irts, or else pass n satisfactory Eiami-
1 before tlio Faculties of Arts and
due. He muat also pass an Uxami-
.-I on all Medical sa^ccts, and show
factorily that he baa nadergone tbe
1 Medical studies. Tbe Fees are:
' Atriculation, five Dolhicai Tuition Fee,
110 Dollara; Gradimtion, twenty -five
■^olbirs.

IV.-

Was organised in 17'19. and received I
present Charter in 1766, The troib
have erected a hull of very large dinian
siona, which is arranged for the oM).
venieat aecommodation and instrootion of^
student, and which is sapplied with all
tbe approved means of reaearch and In-
vestigation. Tbe Mcdiunl Faculty bava
charge of a large Hospital.

Rules and requirements for Bdmiauon to
Graduation:

1. All candidates for entrance, who havie
not previously obtained an University
Degree in Arts, must pass the Matricula-
tion EiamiuatJon in Latin proK transla-
tion, English, and elementary Physics.

2. Students who have attended one
Course in n regular* Medical School ahall
be admitted as students of the eecuid
Course in the Unlvernty of Pennsylvaiiiii,
alter having satisfactoAly passed an Ex-
amination in General Cbemlsti; and Mate-
ria Medica and Pharmacy. Students who
bavo attended two Courses in a regular
Medical School shall bo admitted M sta-
dcnts of tbe third Conrse of this Institu-
tion, af^sr having satisfactorily passed nn
Examination in General and Medioal
Chemistry, Materia Medica and Pharmacy,. '
Anatomy and Physiology. 'M

Graduates of other regular MediMlfl
Schools in good standiug shall be admitt«d^
as studentH of the third Course in this
Institution without an EiaminatJOn.

Uradaates of Colleges of Fharmaey and
Dental Colleges in good standing are
admitted to the second Course of this
Justitntion without an Examination.

3. Tbe candidate for the Degree of
Doctor of Medicine must have atttined
the age of twenty-one years, and be
of good moral character. He most
have applied himself to the stady of Medi-
cine for throe yeai's, and have attended
at least bis last Course of instruotian in
this School i have prepared a satisfactory
Thesisjf Bud have passed the required
Eiaminatiou.

oniiied bi tcuiB ill thii csIok

School

griliglntCi>at>«DlI«ctiiHi. II BfaaBid

id.

may be pabUibed b; the csndJOiite if be

10 permiiaioD ur Iho Frofesior hy whom

alnrd cbenDD hArini been Qmt obialnn] ;

alien atiall be madelu ludi Theeis with-

NORTH AMERICA

i. When > cnndidnte applieg to the
Suflrutnry of the Faculty for EiuLminBtion,
ho must give BittiBfnotorj ovidence that the
nhove rulee b&ve beeu complied nith.

6. CuadiduleB who havo not been euc-
ceagfol npou a Hrat Eiaminntiun will be
permitted to havu a avcuiid before the
JuQc CommeQCcment.

6. Tbe candidate shall pay the Qradua.-
tion Fee on the praseotation of his Thesis,
or before receiving notice of having buo-
cesafiillj pBBsed his final Eianiination.
Upon receiving sQcli notice he will enter
his name on the register for tbe pur^
pnae of being reported to the Board of
Trustees.

7, Candidates who have passed their
Eiamination, and in other respcctia com-
plied with the cegulat.iona, are reported
by the Secretary of the Faculty to the
Provost of the Uoiversitj, who eonimnni-
cates such report to the Board of Trustees,
in order that, if approved of by them, their
laandamuji may be issued for conferrlug
the Degree.

6. The Commencement for conferring
the Degree of Doctor of Medicine is held
on the 16th of Uarch, nnteas that day
ghall full on B Saturday or Sauday, when
it will he held the preceding Friday.

9. The Degree will not he conferred
opoD a candidate who absents himself
from the public Commou cement, except
by special permisBion of the Medical
Faculty.

The Winter Session, upon which alone
att^ndaace is obligatory, begins on the
lirst day of October, and ends on the last
week-day of February ensuing.

The Preliminary Session begins on the
second Monday in September, and ends on
the Saturday preceding tbe first day of
October.

Tbe Spring Session begins on tbe first
Monday in April, and ends about the
middle of June.

B This Session, beginning tbe second
■Von day in September and continuing
until tbe oommeiicomunt of the Winter
Term, rUtbough not obligatory apon stu-
dents, is stronglj recommended to those
who can attend it. It includes Lectures,
Didactic and Clinical, by Members of the
Faculty, together with gplcctud Lectures
DQ the more importunt subjects taught by
the LfCCturers id the Spring Sesalon.

No Pee is charged for this Session.
The Lectures of the Wiuler Saasion will
begin on October 1st.

-icnlation Fee . . .
For General Ticket, admitting to
all tbe Lectures and Labora-
tory work assigned to this

Dissecting Ticket (retjuircd, and

good for the academic year) . 10
Dissecting material . 1 Dollar a part.

Second gear :

For Oeoeral Ticket, admitting to
all the Ijectiires and Labora-
tory work assigned to this

Third gear :

General Ticket, admitting to all
the Lectures an'l pra^'tical
work assigned to tliis year , 100

Operating end Bandaging Ticket

(required) . . 10

MatoriDi for operating 1 Dollar a purt.

Graduation Fee . . . . 30

Spring Saiiioa .-

iculation Fee (paid once only) 5

To old MatricuhiteB a Registration
Fee of 5

To new MatrioulateB, in addition to
the Ma ti iculation Fee . . 35
Thirty Dollars of which will be credited

on accouut of the Fee lor tbe ensuing

Winter Term.

(Qmtlemen taking ipecial or partial
Coartet, y not Braduatei of tie tehool,
are required ia pag the Malriciilalion Jfeg,
in addition Co tbe Feee named below.)

Daltnn.

Fee for the full Third Conrsa to
Gradimtes of this School . . EO

Fee for the fall Third Course to
Graduates of other Schools . . 100

Foe for a single Course of Lectures,
except Materia Medica and Gen-
eral Pathology and Morbid Ana-
tomy SO

Fee for a Course on Materia Medica 10

Fee for b Course on General Patho-
logy and Morbid Anatomy , .

r

186

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

Foe for a Practical Conrae in tho

Cbemicul Laborator; . . . 2S

Fee for a Practical Pli jriologjr Coaree,
FiTB Dollftn per month

Fee for a C'larse in Pnicticiil Qylm.
oology 2S

Fee for n Course in Practiciil Opb-
tlialmology. Dermatology, Otology
and N(tiiri>togy ■ . . 10

Fee for »ny onn of the remaining
practical ConraeB .... 15
Graduate! of the Scliool arc admittod to

the Lecture* free of charRe, but the above

Fees ere chargi-d to all for the practical

At the beginning of the first Coarae,
atndenti will be reqaired to vanke a de-
posit of Five Dollars with tbe Profeaaor of
Chemistry t« cover "breakage" in the
Chemical Laboratories. Any balance re-
maininK will h« returned.

All FeuB, including those for diaaecting,
bandaging, and operating, are payable in
advance to tbe Secretary of tlio Faculty,
wbo will isaae a General Ticket of admii-
sion to all the Lectures.

No promiiBory notei will be received or
rcdnottona made.

Board can be obtained Id PbiUdelphia
for Fuur Dollara per week and upwards.

v.— Woman'h MumcAL Collbok oi
Pbhssylvahi*
Was organised in IHSO

HKIJFIBSMBIITS I

Candidate for final Biaminntion m
have reached tho ago of twenty-one jrea

They must have been engaged in ■
rtodyoF Medicine for three calendar years,
tbe year commencing in March, and dur-
ing two yeara of that time muat have boen
private pnpila of a respectable Practitioner
of Medicine or special studenta of tbe
College.

The candidate roust have attended at
least two fall Courses of Lectures on tbe
following anbjccts : — Chemistry and Toxi-
cology, Anatomy, Physiology and Hy-
giene, Materia Medica and General Tbera-
pentice, Principles and Practice of Medi-
cine, Principles and Practice of Surgery,
Obstetrics and Diseoaee of Women and
Children. At leaatone full Course mnat
hare been attended in this College.

The candidate roast have taken two

nraea in Practical Anat,omy, having
e at least one cruditiiblH dissection at
of the osuul divisions of tbe cadaver;

one Course in the Chemical and one in the
Pharmaceatical Laboratory, nod. one in
Microscopy, iaclnding the Winter Lec-
tures on Hlstoli^y, and the practical ivork
of tho spring in the use of the Micro-
scope.

The application for the Degree most be
made six weeks before the close uf the
Session. The candidate, at the time of
application, roust cihibit to the Dean evi'
dence of having complied with the above
requirements i she mnst also present the
Graduation Fee, and a Thesis of her own
composition and penmanship, on some
subject which haa direct application to
Medicine. Clinical reports in soTne one
department of Medicine will be accepted
in lien of a Thosia. I

Graduates of other Medical Schools ap- >|
proved by tliis, will be admitted U> tim
Lectures free of expense, except tbe oofi
of tbe Matriculation Tickets onleal thej
sbonld desire to Graduate; in which oaae
tbey will be expected to comply with the
terms required of Second Conne atn-

Tho Faculty reserve the right to refuse
Examination to any applicant on tha
gronnd of what they may deem moral or
mental unStnesa for the profession, .

Practical Anatomy Ticket
Orsduation Foe ....
Two tickets only required in each

Wliole cost for two or more Couraes

of Lectures and Graduation .

No charge for Spring Course or Winter.
Qniwes.

Each student must exhibit her tielcet*
to the Dean within the six weeks
ing tbe opening of the Session.

For the encouragement of capable and
well-educated women, wboae meniiB will
not allow of tbe uaual expenditure, a
limited nnroher of atndenta will be ad-
mitted annually on the payment uf Twenty
Dollars for the Beasioii— exclusive of Ma-
triculation, the Demonatmtor'a and Grad-
oation Fees. Snch arrangements will he
strictly confidential.

Ladies wisliing to be received on this
basis must forwnrd to the Fiecntive Com-
mittee of the Board of Corporntors, in
cure of tbe Dean of the Facnlty, on or

10
30

NORTH AUEBICi.

bofore the Rnt of Aogagt, prevloas to the
opening ut the Seuiou, nppHcntion in
their own bBtid-nriting, acconipHniud liy
■atigfactnr; tcetimoniala as to character,
age. edncntioniil qnslificationB. and want of
mennB. The appticunt must be not ieis
thin twcntyi noc mors than thirty yeurs
ofage. The BDCceaaful candiilntei will be
dalj notified.

The inoreasing demand for Medical
women ae miKiannriea, has led the College
to make the following proviaioiis in tiivour
of Bocietieg ander whose auspices they may
■tndy. Sludeata having tho official re-
oummendation of benevolent inetitations
or organiaatioiis for tbe pnrpase of being
edncutrd aa miutionnries, will be admitted
for half-price of all feee-

All applicants for admission to the Col-
lege u beneficiarieg or upon any scholar-
ahipa of tbe College, must undergo a pre-
liminary Eiaminution to determine their
StDeu for entering upon tbe study of
Medicine.

This Eiamination will include tho ele-
ments of a fnir English education.

A Diploma from nny literary College of
good staoding, or from any ndvanrcd
School ID which Anatomy, Phynology, and
Cbumiijtry oonstitute a part of the Curri-
culum, will be accepted in lieu of this
Eiamination.

Degrees;

I. — " DUNOUHON QPIZ "

Which prepares students for Jefferson
Hedical College.

JaTSB STBBBT MFDlCii iBBTITtTTB

"Which prcpatea students for the Univer-
sity. Fees 1— Winter or Summer Course.
Thirty Dollars ; office students, 100 Dol-

III.— NisTn Stebet Mbdich
AseooiATioN
Which prepares students for the Univer-
sity. Fees 1 — Winter or Bomroer Course,
Thirty Dollars: office stndentB, 100 Dol-

rj Conrae of Regional Surgery, Ten
larsi Venereal Diseases, Ten Dollars.
IV. — PHrLiDBLPHIA SCHOOL OP
Ahatomt
wnJch prepares students for the varions
Colhges. A Fee of Ten Dollars is chiirgad
fur B ticket for any of tbe following
braocbes— Anatomy, Oporativo Snidery,

Bandaging, and Anscultntion

Mbdical

iMBIITtTTB

Which prepares students for the Uni-
versity. Fee for either Summer or Winter
Course, Thirty Dollars; Office students
(one year), 100 Dollars j Practical Che-
mistry, Fifteen Dollars; Preparation of
candidatea for the Army and Navy (aii
months), 100 Dollars.

RHODE ISLAITD

Tbe popalatlon of this St.ito is about
800,000, and there are aliout 300 Medical
men. There is no law to prevent qniilifiod
or unqnalilied Practttlonora practising;
neither are there any Medical Institutions.

SOUTH CAROLIITA

The population of this State is about
760,000, and there are about 820 Medical
men. It is unlawful for any person who
has not attended a full Course of instrac-
tion, and Oiaduated at some School of
Medicine sitoated either in Che United
States or some foreign country, or who
latnnot produce a certificate of qualiQcation
from some State Medical Society, and who
is not a, person of good moral character, to
practise or prescribe Medicine for reward
or compensalion tor any sick person in this
State. But any one wiiohaslieenengaged
in the practice of Medicine for t«n or more
years contiauonsly, and can produce a cer-
tificate t« that effect, signed either by
some Physician of good aCanding, or by
three citizens, one of whom is authorised
to administer an oath according to law,
shall be considered to have CDDiplicd with
the requirements of this law. The follow-
ing are the Medical Colleges:
CHARLESTON
The Medicil Collbob of South
Cabolina
Received its Charter in 1832, and is a. Mem-
ber of the Aasociation of American Moili-
cal Colleges, according to whose Articles
of Confederation it grants Medical Degrees.
The Fee for one Cnurfe of Lectures is
Thirty Dollars, and this amount is only
chained to cover the ei peases.

COLUMBIA
Soirrn Casolina Univbbstti Meuical

Faculiy
Was organised in 1866. InstmctiDu is

ISS

HI veil by Inar Prof esaora. Tbe Fees
Matricolation, Five Dollikn; Proft
TickeU, Fifty Dollargj Qracluatioii, Fifteen
Uollan.

Two full Conraea of Lectarea nre re-
quired to be Bttondvd ikt tbe School before
■ulmiaaion is granted to EiaouuatioD for
tbe Degree.

MEDICAL EDUCATIOH AND PEACT!C8

Tbia State line a popolatioa of aboat
2.000.000 iahabituatB, iiioluding SGOO
Medicul men. Tbere is tio law for tlt«
tuppn^esion uf anqualifled pmctitlonera.
The following ure tlie Medical Colleges:

Kas

Fac

Has a full corps of ProfeBBOrB, and grantd
Dugrees, arter Eiiminutinu, to nil who
Imve attonded two full Counta at a Subool
of Medicine, one of whicb Coarua was
attended tt thia School.

MEMPHIS

I.— CUMBEBLAVD UnITHBSITI FAOttLTY

oe Mbdiciitb
otherwise called Memphis Medical College,
wus orgBuieed io 1872. There are ten
I'rofesaors in the Facntty. The Fees
nre : MatrioalnCiDti, Five Dollars ; Lecture
Tickets, Sixty Dollars; Oraduation, Thirty
Dollura. The Coarse of Study extendi
over two years, and admisnioD is nol
gmtitcd to tho Bx&mitiatiou for thu Dogree
until after the completion of the second

II.— Booth- WsSTBBH BiprisT Univeb-

BITT MBUICAL FACVLTX

BGQirniEURlJTS

Cundids,tcB fur the Degree of Doctor of
Medicine must have attended two ConrBee
of Lectures — the latter in thia College;
must have attained tlie age of twenty-one
yesrp, and must he of good moral charac-
ter. Each CHudiilate must depueit, on oc
hetore the IBth day of Febrnaiy of the
year of OraduuUon, with tbe Deau of the
Faonlty, an original Tbeais upon so
Medical aubject, nod tbe Oradnation F
the latter of which will be returned
case of rejection. And, finally, he m
pass n gatisructory Eiamiimtiuu upon all
the bmnchcB taugbt in this College.

Matriculation Fee . . .6 OO'll
Demonstrator's Ticket . 10 00
Professor's Ticket (fall

Coarse) 50 00

Oriuluation Pee) . . . 30 00
^di^nta may, after MatricDiating,
attend uny one or more of tho Courses of
Lectures by paying Tea DoUars for each
Ticket.

NASHVILLE
Tbs Medicaj. FaonLTY of NAaimxi.H

UnrVBHSlTI

Was organised in 18&0, and poBBBSBes a
floe Museum. It is a Member of tho
Aasocintinn of Amorieno Medical Colleges,
and grants Degrees in conformity nith
the Articles of Confederntion. Tbe Feea
are: Matriculation and General Ticket,
Fifty.fivoDolliirsi Dissecting Ticket, Tea
Dollars ; Graduation, Thirty Dollars.

TEXAS

The popnlation of this State b about
900,000, and tbere areaboot 2000 Medical
men. There are no laws to prevent persons
practising without a Diploma. The fol-
lowing is the only Medical College :

GALVESTON

Tns TsxAB Medical Coli^sb Aim
Hospital

Formerly known aa tlia Galveston Meriieal
CoUi'ge and Uospitnl, was organised in
1873, and ia a Member of the American
Medical College Aaeociation, in coafonnity
with whose Articles of Confederation It
grants Degrees. Tlie Foes lire: Matricu-
lutioii, Five Dollars) Lecture Tickets,
110 Dollars ; Demonttrator's Ticket, Ten
Dollars; Oradaation, Thirty DullBra.

UTAH

Thia conntry has a population of about
100,00a and about "siity Medical men.
Tliere are nn Medical laws aud no Institu-
tions for study.

VEBKOST

Population about 400,000. Number of
Medical men in the State about 6S0.
There is no law for the prevention of
quackery. The following ia tbe otdy
Medical lustitation ;

NORTH AMERICA

BDRLINGTON
UsiTBasmr or Veruohv FicuMT ob
Mbsioinb
Was orginiged id 1817.

A \mge Musenm, containing a ^reat
nnmber of Ostaological iind Vmciilar pre-
pnrBtioDS, both wet und dry, ia open to
the stndenU daring the ScsHton.

Clinical instruction ie given at the Mar;
Fletclier Hospital, which has a Patbolo-
a capahlo of seating abonb 100

B rns KESITUH BBsaiON

Mntricalation Fee, paj-able each

Term 5 00

Fees for the Full Course of Lec-

tureit by nil the Frol'eaaorB . . TO 00
Gmduation Fee . . . . 25 00

Students who have already attendeo
two fult Conrsea of Lectures in other
rcftnlar Schools, are admitted dd paying the
MatriiulatioQ Fee andTwenty-flve Dollars.

Students who have attenilod two full
Courses in this College, or who, having
Bttuuded one full Coume iu eome r^nlarly
established Medioal School, and one fall
Course in this College, are admitt^ to a
third Course on paying the Uatriculation
Fee only.

Graduates of this School are admitted
without Fee. Oriidaatos of other Tegular
Suhools, and tlieologtcal students, are
admitted on Qeoersl Ticket, by paying
the Msbricnlfltion Fee.

BEqCIBEllENTB FOK aSADUATIOH
Candidates for tba Degree of Doctor of
Medicine, beror« presenting tliemaeives for
Examination, must have attended two full
Conrses of Leotares, tlie latter in this
College. They most have studied Uedi-
dne three yeurs, under the direction of a
Tc^lar Physician or Surgeon, end have
attained the age of twenty-onu yean.

Each candidate is required to write a
Thesis on some aubjccl connected with
Medicine, and to deposit it, together with
his Graduation Fee, with the Secretary of
the Faculty, one month before the close of
the Session. Full ccrtiHcates of the time
of study, of ago, and of moral eharneler,
mnit also be furnished. The; must also
pass a satisfactory Examination before the
Medical Fncalty and Board oi' Medical
EiuDiiners appointed by the State Medical
Society.

V THK tUM- .
! DHPillTUEMTS

Students who have ett«ndi>d two foU

Conrses of Leoturoa in all the departments
taught in the College, may be eiamined
upon Materia Medica, Physiology, Ana-
tomy, and Chemistry, at the end of the
second Course, and, if they be successful
in these Eiaminationa, will he eiamiued
ut the end of the third Conrae upon Prac-
tice of Medicine, Sni^ry, and Obatetncs
only. Candidates for the primary Ei-
nininatioD will be required to pay one-half
of the Qradnatiou Fee. The Primary Ex-
aminations are held at the close of the
regular SesaJon only. The Thesis, certifi-
cates, and the remainder of the Graduation
Fee, are to he handed in to the Secretary
at the regular time before che Final Ei-

Students who have passed the Primary
Eiaminationa are required to attend
another full Course of Lectures before
they can be admitted to their ^nal
Eiuminationg. Students who desire to
Qraduate by pasting the Primary Eiami-
nation, and afterwarda the Final Eiami-
uatjon upon the three practical depart-
ments, must attend three full Courses of

Two fall Coorses of Lerturea are abso-
lutely required, and no period of practice
will be taken as an equivalent for one

To prevent any misunderstanding with
regard to thcrequircmenta for Graduation,
the Faculty dealre to state that the only
Coaniea of Lei-tures recognised, are those
taken at Medical Colleges recognised by
r.hii American Medical ARBOcintian. The
Tickets and Diplomas of Eclectjc, Homceo-
pathic, or Botanic Colleges, or of Colleees
devoted to any special system of Modlcinc,
are conaidored irregular, and will not be
reingnised under any circumstaneea. Cer-
tiflcatea trnm Preceptors who practise
any peonUar ayatem of Medicine, or who
advertise, or violate in any way the Code
of Ethics adopted by the Profession, will
not be received, under ai>y circumstances,
even if the Preceptors be regular Graduatos
iu Medicine.

Graduates of other regular Colleges, who
desire a Degree from this Institution,
must pass a patl>.factory Examination in
the branches of Medicine, Surgery, and
Obstetrics ; and if they he Graduates of
more than three years" standing, they
must eihibit a certldcate of Membership
in some Medical Society entitled to reprc-
sentaljon in the American Medical Asso-
ciation. They will be required t
the Matriculation and the Chwlnatdoa Fee.
No Thesis is required.

MEDICAL BDUCATIOS AKD PBACTICE

I

VIEGIWIA

This State liiu. ■ popnlntion of 1.500.000.
aud about 2500 Muitiviil men. Even
H(>dical intin in the State miigt b« lic«iuad.
A licence authoruei tLe Uedical man who
receives it to prnctiie where he likea in
tbe State. An; Uedical man who neglect*
to obtain ■ licence i« liable Co a ponalty at
not leis than Thirtji Dollars, or more than
100 Dollara. There i>, however, no mention
maile in the Act a> to what manner of
penous may obtain the licence; probnblj
all who bear a " good moral character."

The followiug arc the Medical Colleges :

CHARLOTTESVILLE

FACDLTi
Was organiaed in 1819. It h situated a
mile from Charlottesville, In Albemarle
count)', and possesses a collection of paint-
ings for the illustration of the Lectures
on Anatomj, Physiologj', and Surgery,
several hundred rn namber, which is dq-
cquallvd in the Uiiit«d States or abroad.

The Degree of Doctor of Ucditine is
conferred apon sach students as prove
their fitness for the same by rigid and
senrching Exaininatio[is. According to
this policy the Degree is often conferred
on First-Coona students if found worthy
of it.

The nu^onty of students who attend
Medical Lectures here do not Oradnate at
this College, but spend one Sesiion in
reaping its well-known advantages, and
subsequently resort to the City Schools to
secure their Degrees and obtain Clinical
knowledge. It is laid that the Eiamina-
tion test for the Degree ii

verity. ITiB following i
Miitrieulation r ' ' "

t the I

nd Library Fee, Thirty
liuliars; luiti'm Fees, 100 Dollars; Demoii-
■trutor's Fee and Dinsecting-room Charges,
Ten Dollars i Cnntingont Deposit, Ten
Dollars; In Arm ary Fee, Seven Dollars end
Filty CenU; Diploma, Fifteen Dolhira.

RICHMOND

L COLIEBB or VlEOIKIA

Was iucorporatod in 16S1. It has eight

Professors and a complete Coarse of study.

ciil Inrtructinu is given at tho City

Uospitftl, the College Hospital, and the

College Dispensary. The Pecs are : Lec-
ture Tickets (including Matricalatioa Ye*),
126 Dollars; Demouatratoi'B Fee. Tea
Dollars; Uradnation, Thirty Dollars. The
conditions for Gradnatiun are : 1. Three
years' study with a regular Oraduate. 2.
Two Coorses at a Medical School, the lost
being at this one. 3. An EiamiDBtion on
all seven branches of MtHlicine. ft. Pay-
ment of Fees,

WASEIHSIOH

This conntry has a popnlation of only
about 4(i,00iJ inhabitant*, inclading forty-
fire Medical men. There are no HeditsI
Inititutiout, or luvts to prevent quackery.

WEST vmaiHiA

Population, 600,000. Komber of Medical
men, about 650. There are no Medici
Colleges in tliis State, and ally one may
practise who likes.

WISCONSIN

The population of this State is about
DOB million and a rjnarter, and the number
of Medical men abont 1000. All Medical
men, in any county in this State, who have
raoeivtd Diplomas from incorporated Medi-
cal Colleges or Societies in the United
Slate* or any foreign coantry, are antbo-
rised to practise their profession. It is the
duty of tbe Censors of any Medical So-
ciety in the State to ensmine any atndenta
wliD may present themselves, who are
twenty-one year* of age, have received a
good English Education, have studied three

Sars with respectable Practitioners of
ediciue, and can produce evidence of
good moral characters, and to i^'ant Dip-
lomas to the successful ones. No person,
unless he holds a Diploma from an In-
carporBted Medical College, or is a Mem-
ber of a Medical Society, has a right to
recover by action at law compensation for
Medical services, or to testify as a Medical
man. There are no Medical Colleges in
the State.

WTOKINO

This Territory 1
including twenty-
are no Medical U'

a population of 9G0O,
Medical men. There
or institutions.

OENTKAIi AND SOUTH AMEEICA

AEQENTINE EEPUBLIC

This country offers great aclvnntigea to
EnropeBU Mcdicn! men, aBpeeinlly Britiali,
who cara to eammencu practice in Biiy of
the large towns. Altbough the 0iu»eriity
of Bnenta Aito« U conducteJ on sound
principlef, and imparts an ercollent educa-
tion, yet the natives and reaidents prefer
stadying in Vienna and Paris, where thay
generally Graduate. They, however, all
have to Gradoato again at their native
Uuiveraitj, or paas the State ExaminatioD
before comtoeDcinR practice. The Medical
laws vary oonuderably in diflfereut parts of
tbe republic. In the citie» of Buenoa
Aires and Kntre Rio(, no one may practise
88 a Medical man onlesa ho first obtain the
State licence, or the M.D. of Buenos Aires,
after Examination, which ia made eiceed-
inglj rigid for Europeaiia, and especially
tlie British, oo account of the ancceas
usually attending their practice. Beyond
the precincts of the larger cities there i
really no obstacles to Medical practi
which, however, ia exceedingly hard, and
neceasitntes a gieat deal of laborioi
on horseback. In the great cities i
Physician, after piiaaing the State Board,
or obtaining the M.D. at the University,
may commence practice and make a for-
tune in a very short time, provided he can
manage to pick up the language, which is
a Spaniih patois. For the first year or
two he is pretty well employed looking
after the health of the rich citiicna, who
invariably employ the latest arrival from
• European, and especially a British or
French School. Thia is the limoto make
money, as caaes are plentiful and Fees
olieerfully paid. This excitel
until a fresh arrival from Europe, from
whifh epoch the late favourite settles down
to ■ steady but less remunerative practice.
There is a British Hospital at Buenos Aires.
The climate is excellent, and the people t
ettremely agreeable. The fuUowing i
the University regulations -.

BUENOS AIRES
Tlie Medical Faculty of this Universi
grtinti a Degree in Medirinc on co
pluiuoe with the folio wiug conditions :

1. An Examination must he passed in
Classics, Mathematics, Modem Languages,
History, Geography, &c.

2. Certificates must be produced show-
ing that the candidate h^is pnrsued his
studies at some recogniaed University or
Medical College Tor six years, or elae that
ho has ohtoiued a Degree or Diploma in
Medieine from aome recognised University

Medical College.

3. An Examination must ha passed
before the Facnlty upon all Medicul sub-
jects in the Spanish language-
Students who intend to study at thia

UniverKity must submit to all the Exami-
natioris hold during the aix years' Course
besides passing the final Examination.
The condidBtea for a " * ''"

s Aires, who do :

Graduutu at the University, must present
themselves before a Commission of Phy-
sicians, formed A'om among those prac-
tising in the City, and undergo an Exami-
nation of a practical nature, which em-
braces all hrancbes of Medicine, and is
conducted in the Spanish langaage. Tliis
Examination is said to be an extremely
difficult one to pass, on account of the
'ling of jealousy that eiitts among the
Examiners towards foreign Qradnates,
especially British or French, who
o practise in that City.

BOLIVIA

This large Republic is perhaps the m
iscttlod country in America, having had
laws, frequent insurroctjons and diiturh-
anccB, and a reckless and adventnrom
population. The study of Medictne is,
like all the other soienees, entirely negleo-
ted, and free trade is allowed in almost
everything. Imposlcre, qnacks, vaga-
honds, and cut-throats swarm the country,
and honest men can he counted with ease.
Under these circumstances one can hardly
realise the fact that thure are not a few
European Physicians in practice in the
country, who appear to liave been to soma
extent sncccasl'ul. In spite of this, how-
ever, European Physicians are recom-
I mended to try all other ports of the earth

1^—-

MEDICAL EDUCATION AHT> PRACTICE

BRAZIL

No one niny pmctiBP in this large Em-

Sire niiliiae liu tir>t pass the Exuminutions
}i the U.D. at one of the UmTerBJciea.
No exccpcion to this rale ii made in the
caw of already qualified Medicul men.
Ttie large cities on tlie cuub present many
advnutagea to EnrapeHn Modioli uien, wlio
lisve only to paai the Uuiversity Medical
Buard, and pnt up tlieir door plxtei to be
iniinciated with ciiIIb to the TiL-h peopli- of
the phioe, who nlwriji prefer a late arrivBl
from Earopa to the uld-eitabUshed prac-
titionera. British phyeieiuiB have not the
SBDie advantage liere aa in the Argentine
Itepublic, the Portngueie and French
being tiie fnvouritee. The Fees ant krge
and always quiukly paid. The climate is
not so good as in the Ar^outiiio Republic.
Tbe loUowing are the Uaivercitiei :

BAHIA

In order to matriculate *at this Univor-
Bity Medical Fucidty, thtf »pplicaiit must
pHSS a PrclimiiiHry Ei-mination in Lstlu,
French, English, Philosophy, History,
Qeiigmphy, and Mithemuticg. Tbe
Cour«e of Medici.1 atu.ly eitaiids over sit
years, arranged as follows :

First year.— Physics, Chemistry, Mine-
raloEcy, Amitomy. .

Second year.— Botany, Zoology, Organic
Chemistry, AnaUimy, Physiology.

Third year.— Pliysiology, Pathological
Anatomy, Qeoeral Pathology,

Fonrtb year, — Medical and Sui'gical
Pathology, Obntetrica.

Filth year. — Medical and Surgical
Pathology, Obatttrica, Materia Medica,
Therapeutics.

Siith year.— Hygiene, History of Medi-
cine. Joriiprudence, pharmacy.

Ample clinioidnndpmpticalinatrnctionin
the Hospital and LaboTHtories is provided.
E laminations are held at tbe end of each
year upon the anbjecta of the year. Upon
pausing the final Eiamination, which em-
braces all tbe subjects named above, aud
upon presentation of a Thesis, the candi-
date receives tbe Degree of Doctor with
tlie right to practise. The Fees nre aliont
Forty Milreis (£4 48.) per annum. The
PmteasorB receive a fixed salary from the
Government, and are independent of the
size of their olnssea. Foreign qonlifled
\ Hedical men or foreign students are ad-
\'luitted to tbe final Eiaminatioa for the

I

DcKi*ee upnn prodncinf;: aatiafitctory
dciiue uf BUlhi/ieut prelimiimry cduoalinDi
und of full Courses ul ctudy
recoguined Medical tchool.

RIO DE JANEIRO

Tbe pegnlations for the Degree of M.ll.
b the Faenlty of Medicine at thid Univer^
ity are exactly the same as Bt Bahio.

BHITIBH OriAHA

In order to obtain the liccnco to Prat,
ise in British Oalana tlie candidate on hie
arrival must send his qualili cat ions to the
Surgeon -General of tbe Public Hospital at
Oeurgetuwu," vho examines them to see if
they are Diplomas from recognised Unlier-
sitiea obtained after proper Eiami nation.
If sntislied, lie reports to tbe Governor tn
that effect, who forthwith give* orders for
the candidate's name and qualilicatiouB to
be pablisbed in the official Uaxette as a
Colonial Practitioner. Unqualified and
□nlicensed practitioners often practise in
British Guiana, but they cannot legally
recover any d>'bt. The Qov emor has
power to grant licences to practise to
unqualified men, but he bus never yet
eierciaed this privilege. This colony
principally prodacos snfiiar, and has a
lai^ number of native lebonrcrs on tlie
plantstions, as well as Indian immigrants,
for whom Medical aid is provided by the
Government, which has divided tbe coloiny
into dislrletB, tor each of which is pro-
vided a Medical Practitioner, at a salary
vnrying from £600 to £1000 per annum,
who becomes an official with tbe right to
pension. There is good private practji'e
attached to earh of these appointmenla.
There is no Medical School in tbe colony.

BSITtSH HONDTTUAS

Any one wishing to practice as nMedicsl

able I

mnat be examined by tbe Lieutenant-

Qovcrnor, and, if sntisfiicfory, endorsed by

him. There in no scope for prat ' ' '

not even nt Beliic, the capitalj

there any Medical School.

CHILI

No one may pmctiae in this RepnUI

without having obtained the D^ree ni

Doctor of Medicine at the University.

• ths wmmx Enlxctm-Oinsn] 1> Dr. Uatgd

{U.D.. Fscii).

I

CENTRAL AND BODTH AMERICA.

Britiah Medical men mnko good practises
in this country, wliich is tbe model Ra-
publio of South Americn. The Uree towoa
are well built, the people rich and thrifty,
(•dacition compuUory, and geaenl proH-
perity tbe role. The capital town, Sf-
Uago, U called the •• p~-- -' "-
Aaienta," owing to ita beu
It is not at the cBpitnl, hoi
beat European practices are io be made,
but at Valparaiw), a beaatiliil sea-port t«wa
o£ ISO.OOOinbabitanfB.compoaed of natives.
French, BritiBb,and Americaui, where the
great commerce of the Republic ia carried
on. This bandjome city ia built under the
cliffs alpng the shore, aod resembles Haat-
ingi aad St. Leonard's, in England, except
that ita appearance from the sen is more
imposing. The following are the Uui-
vernity rogulationa :

SANTIAGO

In order to Matriculate at the Medical
Faculty of this Dniversity the applicant
must bAve a Diploma of a Collegiate lusli-
tntion. Or else nndei^ a Preliminarj Ei-
amination in English, French, Latjn, and
Mathematica. The Course of Medical
study eitanda over rii years, and ia as
follows :

First year. — Inorganic Chemiatry, Ana-
tomy, Botany.

Second year. — Anatomy, Physiology,
Organic Chemiatry.

Third year. — General Pathology, Sur-
gical Pathology, Pliarmncy.

Fourth year.— Su^cul Pathology, Me-
dical Pathology.

Fifth year. — Medical and Sorgicat
Clinies, Praoticnl Classes, Therapeutics
and Materia Medica, ^ygil.'no.

Sixth year. — General Clinics, Obstetrics,
Diseases of Women, Legal Medicine,
Toiiccdogy, Mental Diseases.

Dpon passing an Eiaminatiun in tbe
above subjects, the candidate receives the
Degree of Doctor of Medicine, with the
right to practise. Foreigners may be ei'
amiuod in the aamo subjects, and obtain
the Degree, provided they can show cer-
HAoatOBof sufficient preliminary education,
and of full Courses of Medical atudies.
The Professors receive a aakry of 1C)00
Fems (£200) annually. Those who are
engaged at tbe Hoapital receive 1200
FWos annoally.

COLOHBIA

In the United SUtea of Colombia it is
lawful tot any one, he be <iualifled or liot,

to praeHse as a Medical man. There is
no immediate prospect of any improvement
in the Medical laws of the Republic, nor,
indeed, in any of the laws, for the whole
time and ener{*y of the Legislature are
taken op and absorbed in keeping aociol
order and quelling rebellion. Education
it neglected altogether, for the con-
tion provides for tbe support of public
schools, but tho special branches are
almost entirely neglected.

There are several universities in the
Repuhlio, which are in a wretched plight,
the students having no facilities orinduce-
ments for study. All tho best-class medi-
cal men stndy and qualify in Paris or
Vienna, and few think of completing their
Medical studios at a Colombian University,
not even excepting that of Bngot&. It ia
only fair, however, to state that the Uni-
versity of Bogota possesses a really good
Chemical and Mineralogical School, and
also a good Botanical Inatltute.

Most of tbe Prof oasora in the University
and Colleges of Bogota, and all those in
the other Colonibian Universities and Col-
leges are either monks or priests; hence
their lamentublo condition.

COSTA KXCA

This Republic is tho most liberal in Cen-
tral America, and offers many advantages
to European Physicinna. Any one may
practise in any part of the Rqiublic pro-
viding that he posa the Examination before
the Faculty of Medicine at San Jos«. He
must, through his Conanl, send in his cer-
tificates of study aud other testimonials,
and then pass the Examination, which is a
practical one, and conducted in Spanish,
after which he receivCB a certificate which
places him on the State register. There
ia no Medical School in tho country.

LTTTCH QUIAKA

This colony has a large European popu-
lation, and exports a great quantity of
SDgar. The native and Dutch merchants
and labourers are supplied with Dutch
Medical men, who receive salaries from
Oovvrnment in most cases. Tbe regula-
tions for Medical practice are under the
control of the Governor.

ECTTADOB
This Repnblic offers few indncemcnte to
European or other respectably qualified
Pbyucians, who are in search of anilable

UK.

19*

MEDTPAL EDUCATION AND PBACTICE

plnceB to cammoiice practice. Edocatiaii
is iiec;loct«il, nnd general diaorder ind jg-
itorance prevails. Fiee trade exists in Me-
didae, Hnd Medical men have freqnentl]'
to reiort to banh measnrea before tbeir
pntientA will pay their Feeo. It is no nn-
common ncrurrcnce fnr a doctor unil liiH
patient to be fonnd engaged in a. Tree fight,
resQltlng rmm the patiout'a refiual to pa;
the Uoctar'a bill.

FBEKCH OVIASA

la order tu practise as a Medical man
in this eolouy the apphciint must deliver
up for tbe inspection of the Oovemor. at
Cajeaoe, his Dipluimi, which will, if aatU-
factory, be endorsed with the licence to
practise. There ia a brisk tnido carried
on nt Cayenne, and tbe colony contains a
({reat number of Europuani, principally
French and liritisb.

GUATEMALA

Tbis Republic bai a popnlation of about
1,000,000, charai'terised by all tbe vices
tbat distinguiah tbe general popnlation of
Central Americn ; Indolence, gross im-
ninrulity, and an utter absence of all prin-
oiplo. Tbe capita! city. New Qnatemala,
is tbe only place where there is any cbance
of success as a Physician. In this city
there are tbe University of San Carlos,
the Hospital of San Juan, and other eJu-
CHtLonal eetablisbmente, wbicb are supposed
to confer educational advantages oil such
as are willing to avail themselves of them.
Tbere are few, however, who care to waste
Ibeir time and money in attending Colleges
where the study of Medicine is ii
feotly conducted, and when those wl
pursue it have no real advantage ovi
uneducated. The consequence is that the
most ignorant and unao»opulous Phy-
sicians frequently command tbe Isrgest and
most lucrative practices. Any foreign Phy-
sician may practise upon paying abont
£10 (En^flish money) and passing a noini
nal EiamiDaUon before the Facatty of
Madid ne.

HONDTTBAS

Pree trade in Medicine eiii
Bepublic, and Medical oducatiun is totally
- j neglected. The climate is very snlnbrioua
f akhoogb hot. There are few British it
■ wuutry.

NICASAGITA

dieal education and practice exist Itere
in Honduras.

PEETT

No one may practise Medicine or Sor-
gery in this liepublic who has not obtwned
tbe licence from the Faculty of Medicine
of the University of San Uarcoa at Lima,
except he be already a Oradoate or Licen-
tiate in Medicine aod Surgery of some
Foreign University or Medical Faenltj,
properly organised, in which case be must
submit his Diplomas to tbe Minister or
Consul who represeuta his own toantry,
who will present them to the Faculty,
and, if satisfactory, ohMin for tbe candi-
' ' the licence to practise. Tbe Dean
ot the Faculty is obliged, if it be necessary,
to report any case of illegal Medical prac-
tice to the proper authorities, who in their
turn punish the offender by fine or im-
prisonmeut. There is a British Hospital
at Cdlao.

The following in tbe only UaiTersity
granting Medical Degrees i
LIMA

The University of Snn Marcos grants
two Diplomas, viz. the licence to practise
as a Physician and Surgeon, and the Doc-
torate ot Medioine.

In order to obtain fWnn this Facnlty
the title of iliysidan and Surgeon, it ia

Ist. To undergo the Bve "exAneiieB de
rocepcion " instituted by tbe Faculty
(purelr practical).

2nd' To subscribe to Article 84 of the
Regulations, which contains tbe usual onth
of fidelity, &C.

3rd. To present the following certifi-
cates ! (1) Of bavioB passed the Matricula-
tion Examinatjon of tbe Univeraity- (2) Of
having undergone the University Course
of Medical study (six years), and passed
tbe *' ei^menes de fin de ufi6 " at tbe end
of each year. (3) Of having obtained tbe
M.B. at tbe University. ■

The Five Examinations for the Diploma
are as f oUoWs :

1. Physiology, AnatKtoiy, Pathology, and
Difisectiona,

3. Operations on the Cadaver, General
Pathology.

8. Physics, Natural History, Organic
and Inorganic Chemistry.

1. Hygiene. Toiicology, Legal Medi-
cine, Therapeutics, Materia Medica, and
Pharmacy. ^^

1|

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA

5. Midwifur; imd Cliuical Medicine and
Surnarj.

Tlie Eiamin&tiona Inatone liour nnd a
lialf eseb, are ctmdncted in Sponisb, anil
wben pussed Bncceasf ally, entitle the cau-
didate to tha licecee ttf practise in any
part oF tbe Republic.

Tbe certificate of Banbelor ia meroly
given tn allow that tbe student baa under-
gone five jeare of tbe course of atudj
required for admifision to the Final El-
imination a.

Tbe Degree oF M.D, ia an bouorarj
title, whicb UMj be obtained by any
Licentiate.

Tbe Pee for the liccnoe in 125 Solos.

SAH SALVABOH

There ia free trade in Medicine in tliis
Repnblic. At tbe capital town, Snn Sal-
vador, there eiists a Uuiversity, which,
bawever, iaiii a miserable plight, and cou-
fera few educational advantng^f upon the
students. Tlic teaebing of Medicine
abamefully neglected.

naUGTTAY

In this R

jy one may practise
r Surgery who passes the Ei-
1 at the Faculty of Medicine al
Moute Video. Foreign qualified Medical
men have to submit to tbia teat as well
BA students. Sntnotimea foreign Pliy-
uciana ore allowed to practise in the
conntry diatricts without EiamiQaliiDn,
but this ie ueiei tbe caae with respect to
tho largo cities. The following is the
only DoiTcraity :

MONTE VIDEO
The Medical Faculty at this University
l-rants Medical Degrees, whicb confer tbe
licence to practise upon somewhat similar
terms as are in force for the Medical
Degrees at the Brazilian Universities.
Tho Eieminations take place in tbe
Spanish language.

their habits. Tbu f.,llowing are tbe
liveraitiea :

- CARACAS
In order to Matriculate! at the Medical
Faculty of this University, tbe applicant
must poseesB the Degree of Bachelou of
Philosophy, in order to obtain whicb he
t have spent Ave years in the atudy of
n. Philosophy, Logic, Ideology, Psy-
chology, filhics, Uistoiy, Mathematics, and
the Physical Sciences. Although the »tn-
dent may have taken this Course at any
University, the Degree of Ph.B. cao only
be obtained by passing an Examination at
le of tho Official Institutions.
The Conrsa of Medical study eitenda
'er six years. Examinations are held at
jfiuite intervals during tbe Course upon
the previous studi^ and the successful
students recrive tbe titles auceeasively of
Bachelor of Medicine and Licentiate.
Daring some period of these eleven years
he must also have studied and passed a
creditable Examination upon at least one
Modem Language. The final Examina-
tion is strict, and ia both theoretical and
practical in character. It is conducted in
the Spanish language by a Board of Phy-
sicians called the Medical Faculty. The
candidates who have passed this success-
fully receive tbe title of " Licentiate " or
" Physician," with the right to practise.
The Doctorate is merely an honorary title,
no Examination being required to obtain
lt,and no privilege whatever being attached
to it. No one, however, can obtain tbe
M.D. who bos not already obtained, after
Examination, the M.B., and afterwards the
title of " Licentiate." The M.B. merely
signifies that a certain portion of the
whole is completed, and that the student is
about to become a Phyaician. The Pro-
fessors receive a salary o) 50 Pesos a
mouth. After having served for from
fifteen to twenty years, and having pub-
lished a work approved by the Faculty,
tbey may retire upon full salary, or are
retained, if tbey ao desire, at a salary of
P. 100 (£30) monthly.

" from one of the two Uui
ia the country must be obtained. There
arc very few Enropcans here, owing to the
climate being so unhealthy and ansui6nble

MERIDA
The Pnculty of Medicine at this Ufliv«r-
ity grants the Degrees of Doctor of Medl-
ine and Licentiate of Medicine upon tha
ame terms aa are required for tho De-
grees at Caracas.

AUSTEALIA

Thie large insnlar continent belongs
entirely to the Britisli Govornmciit, md
baa been divided into North, Soath, and
Wait Australia, Kev Sontli Wales, Vic-
tori n, Qaeenslund, and Aleianilraland.
Tlie last ia tLo only inland colnny, and ia
at preaent placed under the jurisdiction of
the Colonial OoveTnment of South Aas-
tralia. Each of theae colonies or diviaiona
has ita own Colonial Goiernment, and
regulates ita intitrnal affairs; but all are
aulgect to the Imperial Government of
Great Britain and Ireland. Tbe laws
affeeting Medical Practitioners are very
much alike in all these colonios, the alight
difference between them being of no prac-
tical moment. In each there ia established
a Medical Board, whose dnty it is to
watch over the working of the Medical
laws in the colony, and to prosecute
illegal Pracdti oners. Any natural-born or
nataralieed Briton, possessed of a Colonial
Degree or Diplomo, or registered in Great
Britain, or posBcssed of a British Diploma
enbitiing him to be registered, may he ad-
mitted by the Board, and receive a Diploma
to practise. Also any person who can prove
to the eatisfaction of the Board that he baa
paaaed through a regular Conrse of Me-
dical study, of not less than three yeera'
dnration in British or Foreign Schools of
Medicine, and received, after proper Ei
uminution, from aBritiah or Foreign Uni
veraity, College, or body, daly recognised
for that purpose, a Degree, Diploma, or
certiflcate, is entitled to be admitted by
the Board, and receive a Diploma to prac-
tise. If any one, without the licence of
the Board, nae any title setting forth that
ho ia a Physician, Surgeon, or Medical
Practitioner, be ahull pay, apon conviction,
a fine of not more than £50. The Board
may question any qualified person who
attends for registration, should they sus-
pect him of frand. The penalty for fnind
is imprisonment for not more than three
years. The Board may erase names
the register for bad conduct. In oi
two cases tbeae Boards arc also empowered
to grant Diplomas or licences to practise
to all such as are nnqnalified by Diploma or
certificate from elsewhere, provided tliot

they show evidence of a three years' Course
of Medical study at a recognised Medical
School, and aucceasfully pass an Examina-
tion on all Medical subjects condool "
before the Board.
Tbe following are the Attstralian Vi

1

ADELAIDE
The Medical Faculty of this University
baa no Medical School at present, but con-
fers the "adeundem" Degreea ofM.B, and
M.D. npon such aa are already Graduates
in Medicine of a University. It ia in-
tended shortly to institate a series of Ei-
aminations, to be passed by those who
aspire to the Degree.

MELBOURNE

1

The students mast attend the following
classes and pass tbe following Examina-
tions, in the order prescribed by tlie
Faculty, viz. ;

First year. — Greei, Latin (or, at the
option of the candidate, Natantl Phi-
losophy), Chemistry, Practical Chemistry—
Lectores, &c. ; Exumlnation on each sub-
ject at end of year.

Second year. — Structural and PbyHCnl
Botany, Materia Medica, Coinparalira
Anatomy and Zoology, Descriptive and
Surgical Anatomy, Diesactiona— Lectures,
&c. ; EiaminatioQ on each subject at end

Third year. — General Anatomy, Phyaio-
logy and Pathology, Descriptive and Sar-
gical Anotomy, Surgery — liecLures, ftc-j
Examination at end of year. Dissection
' Sorgioal Hospital Practice, Practical Phai
macy and Preparation of Mcdicii ~
tiScate of ability to perform
Operations — Lectures, &c.

Fourth year. — Theory and Practioo i
Medicine, Obstetric Medicine, Oen
Anatomy, Phyaiolotty, and Pathology
Lectures,^; Examination at end otyed

EAiST AND WEST fflDIAN I

Diaeectioas, Clinirail Surgery, Medical Hos-
pital Practice, Lying-in Hospital Practice
—Lectures, Ac.

Fifth ycBr. — Theory and PraoticB of Me-
dicine, Surgery, Foreneic Medicine, Clinical
Medicine, Medical Uospitai Practice —
LEctnres, &c.

Final EiBmiuation at end of fifth
year. — Theory and Practice of Medicine,
Oliatetric Medicine, General Anatomy.
Physiology and Pathology, Surgery, Fo-
rensic Medidue, Anatomy by Dissections,
Surgical Operations on Dead Subject,
Clinical Medicine, Clinical Surgery-

1. Candidates Cot the Dogceo of Doctor
of Medicine must be Bachelara of Medicine
of at least two years' standing in the Uni-
versity of Melbourne, Or in Bonio other
Univeruty recognised by it.

2. Candidates must produce satisfactory
evidence of having, aubaeqnently to taking
the Degree of M.D., either attended during
two years the Medical Practice of a Hos-
pital or of a Medical Institution, three
month* of which baa been at a Hospital
for Lunatics, or 1>een engaged during Qve
years in the practice of tlie Profeaaion, and
attended for three months tlie Medical
practice of a Hospital for Lunatics, after
which they will be admitted to the
Examination, the subjects of wliicli are as
follows :

1. Logic.

2. Princtplca and MothodB of OhBCTva-
tion and reaioutng in Medical inquiry.

3. Medical Psycholi^y, comprising the
Physiology of the Brain and Nervous
System, Mental Pathology, Mental Thera-
peutica, and Mental Hygiene.

4. Medicine.
Candidates will also be required to write

Commentaries <
Obstetric Medicine a
and Children, and U
Medical Hospital ci
may direct, and U
oral interrogatic"-

Medicini
id Diseases of Women
write reports of such
BOB as the Examiners
answer, if required.

id reports. Every such i .
written immediately after the inspection
of tbe patients, and shall give in detail
tho history, symptoois, diagnosis, treat-
ment, and prognosis of each caae.

The Medical School at this Uulveraity is
in every respect equal to the European
Schools, and Clinical iustructiou Is given at
the Alfred Hospital.

SYDNEY
The regolations for the M.B. and M.D.
at tliB Medical Faculty of Sydney Uni-
versity arc the same as those oI'Molbouroo.
The Medical School is an excellent one,
and Clinical iustructiou is given at Sydney

EAST AND WEST INDIAN
ISLANDS

BAHAHA ISLANDS

These islands arc but thinly popuhited,
and offer few tci^ptatlons to European
Uedical men. The population is about
40,000, mostly British. The climate is
bekltby, and there are good schools and a
liibruy and Museum at Nassau, the capital
town.bttt no Medical School. The Medical
officers of tho garrison, a few Britlah
Praolitiooers, and a number of Amerioan
qtmclcs form the Medical portion of tlie
community.

Tbls Urge Island is divided i

n equal ])Drtioui
■ ■■ vali.

00. Dutch Colony,

andS

Uorneo is an independent principality
OB the uorth-wost of tho island, which
has a large trade with the Strnita- Settle-
ments aod China. The chief (own, Borneo,
is a dirty place, which has been given
the name, of the " Venice of hovels."
The CliIoeHe system of Medidne prevails
amongst the natives.

The Dutch Colony comprises the greater
part of the island, and bos a lai^e European
population. There is free trade in Medicine,
and Chinese Physicians of n low gradu
swarm the colony. There are a number of
Dutch Mediciil men uUo iu this part of the

f-na

HBDICAL BD0CATION AND PBACTICR

Sarawak, the «mal]e»t portion of the
lalkiid] ia an independent kiusdoni, ruled
□rec In Rnjah Brooke, so Englishman,
wliaso fiktliEir porcliaeod tbe district from
the Sultan of BorQeo, and theruby became
its Hrat Rajah, l^i^e miaeB and other
indnBtries are worked tiere, and there
is to bo foand both comfgrtand prosperity.
A great nambar of Europeann bave settled
hern, prohabl^ attracted hy the large trade
whiob is earned on with Cliinn and Japnn,
and tbe Straits Sottlemente, and by tbe
good order and general proflpority of tbe
little coantry. British Medical men may
practise here by complying with a few
moderate couditions. The climntu. In spite
of the eqaaturial situation, is said to be
delightrnl und healthy.

This large island bi^longii to Holland,
tnd has a large pogiuUtion, including
large Bumber of European traders ai
settlers. The climate, notwithstanding
that tbe island lies on tbe eqaator, is ei-
oeedingly bealthj ; und it is said tbat
Buropeans live lonjirer licre than anywhere
else in tbe Eaat. Tl^e Dutch Medii^sl men
at Hacassar, the capital, mouopolise nil thi
, European practice.

CUBA

Tbis large and valuable inland belongs
to Spain; and no foreigner may land her
without procuring from a native of re
sponsihility security for bis good hehavioai
Tbe conseqaenca of this is tbat there i
very little crime on the island. There i
B good University at Havana, and Medical
practice is only permitted to those who
possess either a Spanish or Cuban Dipli

HAVANA

To Matriculate as a student of Medicine,
the applicant must possess a Dugroo ip
Arts from some one of the Governmenl
Colleges. During the first year (ano de
■mpliacion) the student attends Lectures
upon Botany, Zoology, Physics, Chemistry,
and the rndimeuta of Geology and Minera-
logy. He then enters upon the study of
Medicine proper, the Course eitending over
ail years, with Eiaminations at the end of
each year. The Currii.-ulum is as foUoi

First year. — Descriptive Anatomy and

Second year. — Anatomy, Physiology, and
I Hiitoliitry-

Tbird year. — Therapeatics, Materit
Mcdica, Art of Prescribingi Patholog}'.
~ irgicol Anatomy, Operations.

Fourth year.— Eitenml Pathology, Ub-
atetri<^B, Diseases of R^omen and Children,
Clinical Hedidne and Sargeiy.

Fifth year.— Internal Pathology, Cliniial
Medielue and Sorgery.

Siitli year. — Hedical
Clinical Medicine and Surgery.

Upon passing aTbeoretical and Practical

Eiamiuatjou opoa all the subjet^ts of tha

Courses, the candidate receives the riglit to

practise, with the title of Liicentiate. To

ohtun the Uottorate, the Liuentialfl moat

spend a year in studying the history of

Medicine und Chemical Analysis aa applied

I Medicine, pass an EiuminatioD uponanj

tbject in Mnlicine, and present and di^Dd

Thesis. Only Doctors can aspire to hold

Profeuorsbip, but other than this than

-e no privileges attaching to it. la tb«

year 1873 tbe Degree was abandoned, bat

9 since been reinstiituted.

JAUAICA

I one can iiracliae in this island, which
le of the British colonies, wrthest
obtaining tbe licence from the " Board of'
Medical Euminers," or " Oovemment
Medical ConuDil" as it is sometimea calhid.'
Any person whoso name appears on ttu
British Medical Gogistcr, or who holds a
Diploma entitling his name to appear tbere.
or who holds a Colonial Degree or lieensB
to practise, may obtain the Jumaioa lioenw
by applying to the Boacd. Other candi-
dates for the licence ta practise, iddsI
nnilergo an EiLamination before the Facultj
of tbe College of Pbyuciana and Surgeow
of Kingston, otherwise called the "Qovern-
ment Medical Conncil."

Tlio island is divided into Modlcal di(-
tricts, and Medical oiHcors are appointed
by Qovcmment at salurics varying froni.
£200 to £350 per anunra with the nght tA
practise. The work is very hard, and only
the atrongeat and most robust can stand it>
Tbe climate is in some parts aalubrioiu,
and in others highly malsrions. It t
he foolish for any one to attempt to ^
tise here nnlesa possessed of robust healtlt
and a Government appointment, auch asa
poor-law district. The district Medicd
ofRcera absorb all the practice worth
having.

The follawing is the only Mcdica! In-
stitution ;

EAST AND WE3T INDIAN ISLANDS

198

Cdled alBO the " Oovernmeiit Medical
Cooncil," or "Board o£ Medical Ex-
bminere," does not poesesa any Medical
Scliool, bat it merely a Licensing Body.

JAVA

TLii islitud U tlie cbief sfut of ttiu
Dutch power in the east, and U, in the
more etaratad regiouB, lemarkablj beulbhy.
Ita capital, Bataviu, is a Sue, wtU-built
town, with a population of 140,000, and
U the depAt for ths produce of all the
Datcb posaassions in tbe eosteru bbub.
There are numbcrB of Kuropeaos in tbe
town, whicb boiLsts of a flue UoapiCnl,
Museum, Rending Hoom, Theatre, and
Bereral good achouU. Tbe Dutch Medical
men abaorb moat of the European prac-
tice, but a Britiah physician might Hud a
remunerative practice among tbe British
Bin d American population.

P LESSEE ANTILLES

These islHnds form part of the West
Indian Art'hipelago, and mostly belong to
Great Uritain, Fiance, Uollaud, and
Spmn.

BRITISH POSSESSIONS
le are principally amall islands, thr
impoitaut of which are Anguilla,
itigua, UarbadocB, Burbudn, Dominica,
■enada. Orenadinea, St Lucin, 9t Vin-
cent. Tobago, and Trinidad. Any Biitiah
or Colonial Practitioner may practise at
any of theea placoa without Lindrance;
and at Trinidad, foreign Piactitionera
may also practise, provided that they paaa
the EiaminatioQ instituted bv the Govern-
ment specially for thom. Tbis Examina-
tion ii really condncted by the London
College nf Physicians, wbich aende out
Eiamination papers to be answered hy
those Foreign prsctitioncra who wish to
practise in the iatand. Tboie papera are
returned to London, and should the
answers bo deemed satisfaatory hy the
CdIIbko, the candidates are registered as
Colonial practitioners, and be<:omo mem-
bers of tbe Trinidad Medical Board, wliioh
is composed of all tlie resident Mediciil
Practitioners in the ialand. There is a
email Fee of ^Ix or Eight Dollars for
registration and admiswon to the Board.
Tbere is no.Medical Scfaoot in these islands,

but the Arts Examination of Codrington
College, Bsrbadooa, is recognised in Great
Britain aa a sufficient ijiiuli Scat ion for re-
gistration as a Medical student. Opinions
■ considerably concerning tbe value of
tbeae islands as Selda for Medical practice,
but, as far as my knowledge of the sub-
ject extends, Barhadces is the most at-
ive and Trinidad tbe least so of al) of
. All, however, are more or less
overstocked with Medical practitioners.

FRENCH POSSESSIONS
These consist for the most part of tbo
small iblanda of Ooadaloupe, Marie Ua-
lante, and Martinique. Any French Phy-
1 may practise at these islands, hut
those who have done bo have not made
large fortunes.

SPANISH POSSESSIONS

Those oonaisb of the large island of

Porto Rico, and a few other very amall '

islands. Sun Juan is a prosperous town,

but Spanish Medicid men monopolise all

JAPUA OB HEW aUIHEA

This large island ia inhabited by auveral
races. of natives, who, although of a war-
like nature, have highly cultivated the
land, which produces sugar cane, aago,
Indian coru, &a, Altbough tbere are a
great number of European and American
settlers here, there is nothing to tempt a
Medical man to commence ■□ practice
among tbe white people at the Dutch
colony of Triton's Bay, The climate is
wretchedly uncomfortable and damp.

FHiLiPFnrE zslauss

Tliese valuable islands belong to Spain,
and have a populntiou of nearly 6,000,000.
Few Spaniards, however, reside in tbe
islands, the leading mercantile hoaaes
being British and American. There are
also an immense number of rich Chinese
and Japanese. Next to Cuba this is the
most valuable colonial posseaaion of Spain,
the annnnl profits being enormoos. The
capital town, Manila, hoa a. population of
nearly 300,000, of whom n large portian are
Chinese, and about 6000 are Europeans.

MANILA

The Boynl and Pontifical University of

St Thomas is n very old and respectable

institution. It has a good echool of PM» ^

HEIHCAL BDOCATION AND PRACTICE

8A5 DOKIKOO OR HAITI

TliiB Inr^D iBtuiid in one of tlie lii^althivst
of tbe Aiitillua, and bus
IwpaUtlaa. It i> divided into two distinct
ropubUcs, vii. Haiti and Suu Uominga ot
Dominica.

Thd RepubUa of Haiti cairiei on a Inr^
trade with thu mmiuiidia^ ialnodt, throag-b
liti*> raedium of it< oapitiil town, Part-ao'
Prinov. whirh hna a pnjiulation or 160.000,
Tlio pvopio ipoak till! Fnmcb laogna^, aad
ar* a verr immoral cominnnitv. ThcK is
no Medlual Soliuot in thp lU'pabUc.and
aniroQ* luiij praolise wbo \iket.

Tin Uepublie of Domluicu. or Sun Do-

mingo, iithe (WBtern portion of the island.

and also Imi a coniiderable trade. Ban
Domingo, the capital, bas a population o(
abODt 16,000, and ia the oldest town in
tbe West Indiej; There is free trade in
Mcdidne, bat neither this croautry, nor
its fellow can be recommended as placei
for European Mi.-dical men.

SUMATRA

Til is lATge i>1and, tbough nominallj
snbject to nutivB Bovereig-ns. is really andiU'
tbe swa; of the Dutch, who regard it as
« colony of their own. The principal senti
of the Dutch poscessions are at Bcncoolen,
Padang. and Palembui((, where there are a
great uamb(>r of Europeans. Padang hu
a popnlation of 13,000. The Dntch Me-
dical men absorb what Enropcan pracdca

here is to be obtainadi nhich ia

arge.

OCEANIA

AZ0BE8

These islaiidsi which belong; to Portngnl,
are tliivkiy populatud and covered witli
tliD most luxuriant vegetation, vituiyards,
norn flqlds. gmros bf lemon and orange
lr««*i and IiMutlful Woods. The climate,
tbODsh somewhat humid, u delightfnl, and
very llttio ■icitni'ss eiisU on the islaods.
Tho practiceof Mwliciue is rvgulsted by the
P.iirtMRUa>c UwB. Tho popalatiou of Snnto
MiKlHil, tba lurgiilt island of the group, is
106.80(\ tbu others being also well popn-
lotod. Tbu Purtuguoso use these islands
aa health resorts, but they nre not
much sOUKht after as Madeira. There j
■ good number of Britlsli residents
S. Miguel.

and contain* a number of good shops, all
the windows of wliich, and of the bouses,
are supplied with jaluusies, which admit
light and air from beneath, and exclude
the sun's rays. Tlie climate lieing so
healthy and delightful one wnoltl naturally
suppose that there would be Teif of the
Medical Focnlty in Bermuda ; ncvnthe-
leas, tbe place is overcrowded with Doctors.
The yonng men find tbe United States so
easy of access, tbe expense* of travelling
and Qraduating there so triSing, and tlie
good people of Bermuda so easily satisfted,
that thej just cross ttie water, obtain any
kind of a Mpdical Degree, and return to
be lauded and made much of by the resi-
dents. Anybody may practise in Bermuda,
with or without a Diploma. There is no
Medical School here.

BEKKirSA ISLAITBS .

} Great

Those udauda, whicli bi
Britain, have a delightful
peCual spring clothing tlie fields and trees
in perpetual vcrdnre. Tbe air is some-
what hnmid et times, which does not
nary coses,
town. Hamilton, is well linilt

Til

BoimBon

I island beloTigs to the Preneli Re-

public, and lias n popubUon of lt>0,0(Ml,
mostly French. Tlieru ore tliree Ecclesi-
astical ColJ^es, and one Lyceom, besides
several good Hospitais, but there is no
Medical School. Any French Physiciaft

CAXABT ISLANDS

Theaa iBliinds foi'm a praviuce of thi
kingdom of Spain, itnil the practice at
Medicine U regulated by the laws of that
country, which allow only Spanish Phy-
gioiana to practise there, except under
Bpecial canditioni (fbr vhich eee Spain).
The climate i> hat, but generally healthy,
although there are constantly epidemics
occurring. The greatest part of the trade
is with England, and there are cOQse-
gUGDtly n large number of British lesi'
dents at the capital town Palmas (popu-
lation 60,000). The population of these
islands is 2H0,000.

CAPE VERDE ISLANDS

These islands belong to Portugal, and
have B population of aboat 70,000. The
climate is decidedly unhealthy and rain

C' ' n falls. Medical practice is regu-
by the Portuguese laws. There are
Iritish residents here.
KADASASCAS
is largo island is at lust in a fair
tion of prosperity, being ruled over
civilised monarch in the person of
a Ranovolomanjalia II, who has made
the most astonishing advances in modem
civilisation, only second to those made by
her royal anceeter Kadana I. Schools
have been opened at the chief town,
and Europeans allowed perfect freedom.
Antananarivo has a population of 90,000,
iucluding a great number oC Europeans,
who have established facteries and can^
oa n Utrge import and eiport trade with
Mauritius, Bonrboa, and India. Edaca-
tiou is prngressing rapidly, and the science
of Medicine is being tanght by several
European Professors at the Medical Scliool
:n the centre of the town. Dr Andrew
Davidson, one of the Phyriciuns to the
Queen, is Professor uf Medicine and Phy-
sician to the Antananarivo Hospital, and
has written several medical works in tlie
native langnafce for the use of the students.
Dr Qeorge William Parker, another of
&e PbysioiauB |j3 the Queen, is Professor
of Ckiomiatry and Surgi'ry.

HASEIBA

These islands belong tu Portugal, and
POMCN a atimate celebrated for its salu-

INIA Ml

hrity and mlldneag, the moon temperature
being 65°, and the eicremes 74° and 08°.
It is very doubtful whether the climate of
Madeira really deserves all that has het^n
said in its favour, althoagli we hnve the
authority of Mr Wilde, who has written
upon the subject, that " independent ot
its acknowledged elHcacy in chronic affec-
tions, the climate of Madeira will do more
to ward off threatened diseases of the chest,
or even to arrest them in their inoipient
stages, than any I am acquainted with."
The islands were known to the Romans
under the name of " PQrpnrario) Inanlie."
Funchal, the capital town, is a deligbtfal
place, surrounded by fruits, flowers, vege-
tables, orange groves, lemon trees, and a
mass ot luiuriant herbage. The people
ore industrious, sober, civil, and agreeable.
The laws affecting the Medical IVofession
arc the same as in PorCngal. There are
British, French, Portuguese, and German
Physicians in the principal island, and
numbers of invalids from those countries,
which makes the society very agreeable.

MAURITIUS

This island belongs to Great Britain,
and has several British Pljysicians and
Surgeons at Port IjoqIs, tbo chief town.
Any British Medical man may practise
there, but the chauces of success would he
small. The Medical men already there are
in, the Government or other services, and
monopolise all the practice worth having.
The people are reported to be anything but
agreeable, and the climate is not one of
the best. It is, moreover, a most expen-
sive place to live in. The CSvil Medical
officer is well paid, but the Health officer
and Vaccination officer are very badly paid,
and the other Medical men, employed
chiefly in sugar plantations, earn ejcecd-
ingly small incomes. The laogUBge is
French patois. Thore is no Medical School
in the island, bnt at Port Lonis there b n
good Hoapit^

NEW ZEALAND
These valnahlo islands belong to Orcnt
Ilritain, and possess a highly salubrious
climate. The Imperial Act relating to the
practice ot Medicine in this Colony per-
mits any duly cjaalified Medical Practi-
tioner to praijtiso his Profession in N«w
Zenland, bnt if not registered under the
New Zealand Medical FVacti tinners' fiegis-

E02

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PEACTICB

I

in a, court of law, if he sue for Fees for
Medical or Surgical attendancu, or be paid
for giving evidence at Ha inquest. Any
penon not qualiSed, and reproBcating; him-
Bolf lA duly qualitled, ia liuble to a very
heavy penalty. The first atup towards
obtaining: a certificate of Medical registra-
tion in New Zealand is to deposit One
Pound, together with the Diploma, iu the
office of the Regiatcar, and insert a nolifi-
cntioQ of the intention to practise in the
' General aovernment QaKBtte,' and in a
ucirspaper ciroulntiug in tbe aeighbonr.
hood. This notification must give the
name in foil, with the Degree or Diploma,
and mast appear one mouth previous t«
the applicaUon tar tbe certiScate of regis-
tration. Tbe Fee for the cerUlicate is
Five Shillings. " Bchedule A" of the
Imperial Medical Act of 1S69, contained
a list of those Degriiea and Diplomas, one
of which it ia necessary to possess before
registering under the MediodlPtaclitionera'
BagiaCration Act of New Zeuland. Tbey
ore OS follons :— " A Medical officer dnly
qualified in Her Majesty's laud or sea ser-
vii^e. Any person registered under the
Medical Practitioners' Act of 1867. Any
person who has passed through a regular
Course of Medical study of not less than
three years' duration in a School uf Mudi'
clue or Surgery, and has reoeived. after due
Examination i^omsomeUniversity, College,
orotherbody,a Diploma, Degree, or licence
□tber tban those before spccifitid, entitllug
him to practise Medicine or Surgery
whather witiiin Uer Majesty's dominions
or not. Any person who shall hare been
rcgistorodus a legally qualiSed Practitioner
in England, Scotland, or Ireland, under
auy Act of the Imperial Parliament."
* " The copestone of the edncational sys-
tera is the New Zealand University, con-
stituted by Boyal Charter as an Examin-
ing Body for the purpose of granting
Degrees. It was originally intended that
the University of Otago, which wga esta-
blished previously, should merge into tbe
more important character of the New Zea-
land Vniveisity, hut local jealousy stood
somewhat in the way. The University of
Otago has power by Provincial Ordinance
to grant Degrees." There ia no Medical
School in New Zealand. The following bj
the two Universities :

NEW ZEALAND UNIVERSITY
c University of New Zealand has ti
local habitation, and no Medical Schoo
but grants Medical Degreoe to all wli
- ~ im Judge BBtbgile'i'KswZcalimr].'

have Matriculated in ArM, and passed
through a regular Course of study and
graduated at some recognised Modi " '
' )1, or who aatisfy the Board of '

IcdiiittI

•t E^H

leooiq^^l

DUNEDIN
The Univerait)' of Otago ia located at
Duuediu, and grants Medical Degrees upon
tiie same terms as the University of New
Zealand. It has an endowment of 210,000
acres of pastoral laud. The University
buildings are a commodious and cfi'ective
pile, erected at a cost of £34.000. The Arts
Degrees are recognised in Oreat Britain,
Neither the Medical Degrees granted by
this University, nor those of New Zealand
University, grant the licence to practise,
bath being merely scientlflo titlee. The
licence must be obtained from the " Board
of Medical Examiners," which grants the
certifloatB of Registration to qualified
practitioners on payment of a fee. and to
unqualified candidates npnn passing hlh
" before the Board. ^|

ST HELENA

At this British Colony there a
four Medical men, and there is no room
for a fifth. The Colonial Office m London
appirints a Colonial Surgeon to attend per-
manently to the Sranicn's Hospital and
the civil servants of the Qovemment, who
absorbs all the good practice f^m calling
ships, residents, &a. The War Office in
London appoints a Military Surgeon and
Assistant Surgeon to attend to tbs gar-
rison ofBcars and men every five years.
The Local Oovernment Board in London
appoints the fourth Medical officer to
attend to the poor and labouring classes,
clubs, &c., at a salary of £350 per annum,
which gradually increases to £380. This
officer is engaged for a term of three
years, and has little chance of obtaining
much private practice. The climate is
excclient and society very agreeable.

SANDWICH ISLAHDS
(Hawaii Isles)

In noue of the Pacific groups has civi-
lisation made so decided a progress and
produced more abandant fruits. Tho king
is a Christian, and the Goverunient consists
of members elected by ballot. Tho prin-

il torn (Honolulu) is a iHrgo aud im-

tant trading- port, with h populution of

""", - Beaidea the king's palace there

CHtliedrailB, Anglican and. Romnn

■ C&tliotic, witb biahops, a cuetoiu-huuee,

■ Goverument offices, law courts, a fine Hoe-
I pital (supported by eoutri but ions), a
1 nvings' bank, two theatree. aeveral hotels,
I an affecUva police, and a fire-brignde witli
I, engines and hoie. There ace also news-
papers in English and the Dative UnguHge,
and a good public Library. An immense
trade is carried On witb all parta of the
world, and it is said that shortly the town
may be eipected to have a population qnite
double its present number. There are
■peciat treaties between tbs Governments
id Eonolola and Great Britain, France,
and the United States, which provida for
the protection of foreign residents, and at
the same time guarantee the integrity of
the kiogdom. After this encouraging de-
scription it is unnecessary to say that
Honolulu aJTorde a good field for Medical
practice. The foreigu rcaidents are both
nnmeroos aud wealthy, and the natives

I; thrifty, honest, and prosperous. There are
I at present several Physicians from Britain,
. France, and the States in practice there,
but with the expected increase of popula-
tion there will be room for more. Nc
qonlified Practitioner is allowed to
tiso, bnt any properly-qualified Pliyt
nr Surgeon may do bo opon giving i
o the uuChorilies.

SOTTTH-SEA ISLANDS (FIJI)

These islands, which beluug to Qrcat Bri-
tain, poasesa a remarkably mild and genial
climate, and are likely to become a favourito
resort for European and American traders.
There are already a great number of white
people at the two large towns, including the
garrison, and several European Medical men
have recently gone out, and are apparently
quite satlstled with their choice of couutry.
From the acconnta of travellara recently
returned from F^i It is recommended
that intending emigrants, profenaional
men and others, should have something
definite in view, and not trust to the chanca
of something turning op after arrival.

TASMANIA (VAN DIEMAN'S
LAND)

The law having reference tji Medical.
Practitioners in Tasmania is somewhat
similar to that in force in the Australian
colonies. The carrying- out of tlie law
is entrusted to a committee called the '
" Tasmanian Court of Medical Eiamlners,"
which also ciamines unqualified candidates
for the licence to practise, provided they
have attended a sofficiently coinptetf Course
of stadies at a Medical School. There is
no Medical School in the island. Tbe
registration fee ja Five Shillings. There ia
a good Hospital at HohartTowu,contHi nine
110 beds, one year's attendance at which is
recognised by the British Colleges of Phy-
sicians and Surgeons.

I

Since the completion oF the book tha
following adtiitional inforniKtion baa been
receWed from Dr Parker, oF AnUnanarivo i

MADAOASCAK
I The first European Mertinal man to
I settle in MadagaacBr wu Dr Davidwn,
who was Bent out by the London MiBEion-
ary Society about fifteen ycnrB linee, and
who aooD after hii arrival eBtahliahed a
Hospital in the sabnrl) of Aoilately, sliout
a mile from AntananariTO, the Malagasy
Qorerrnnent providing biro with about a
doien native students. From the date of
establishment of this Honpital the nverago
nninber of in-door and out-door patientB
WBB 16,000 until it was closed owing
to the departure from tbe island of its
founder. It !b to ba leopened almost im.
uiedialely. Some years after the airiviLl
of Dr Etavidson, the Norwegian Mission
■ent out two Medical men, who were soon
followed by a French Medical man, sent
out under Roman Catholic auspice*, all of

whom are still in the city of AntankniriTO.
BesidaB tbe Analakely Hospital, tbere u
tlie Qoveriimetit Hospital at Antanui&rivi),
which ia now about to he replaced by a
large now building, containing Operating
Theatre, Lecture Booms, Wards holding
tbirty beds, each bed separated by cloth
seven feet high, Out-patients' Kooms, and
other ofScea, the whole hoilding being 109
feet long and 40 feet wide. Tbera are
also Government DispensarieH in Antanan-
arivo, and a town abont fifteen miles
away, and a Hospital for Women and
Children belonging to the Society for the
Propagation of tha Gospel, Tbe School
of Medicine consists of native students
tangbt at the various Hospitals by tba
European Medicnl men. There are no
Diplomas granted at Antanauarivo, bnt
the students are carefully taught, and
already there is a native Medical man,
who holds a Diploma from Edinhui^h,
and practises among the natives in the

INDEX

A
Aberdeen University

— Medical School ....

Adelaide

Aden ..<...

Africa

Agram •..•..

Ajaccio

Alabama, U.S. . . .

Alaska, U.S

Albany, U.S

Alderney

Alezandraland . * . . . .

Algeria

Algiers * .

America, Central and South .

— North

American Medical Association .
American MediciEd College Associa-
tion

Amsterdam

Anam

Anger

Angnilla

Ann Arbor, U.S

Antigna

Antilles

Argentine Confederation .
Arizona, U.S. .....

Arkansas, U.S. . . .

Arras • •

Asia

Asia Minor

Association of American Medical
Colleges . • . ' .

Athens

Atlanta, U.S. .

Augusta, U.S

Australia .....
Anstro-Hungary . . . .
Azores

B

Bahama Islands

Bahia

B&le

Balearic Islands

Baltimore, U.S.

Barbadoes

Barbuda .

99,

PAGE
10

57

196

102

115

6

75
144
144
165

74
196
115
115
191
117
144

142

93

102

76

199

157

199

199

191

144

144

76

102

114

142
92
149
149
196
5
200

197
192
100
7
155
199
199

Barcelona
Batavia .
Belfast College

— Medical School
Belgium . ;
Belgrade
Bellevue Hospital Medical

U.S. .
Bennett Eclectic Medical

U.S. .
Berlin

Bermuda .

Bern . •
Besanfon
Beyrout .
Birmingham .
Bogotd .
Bolivia .
Bologna .
Bombay .
Bonn
Bordeaux
Borneo • •
Bomholm
Boston, U.S. .
Bourbon .

Bowdoin College, U.S.
Brazil
Breslau .
Bristol .
British Columbia

— Burma

— Guiana

— Honduras .

— Islands
Brooklyn, U.S.
Brunswick, U.S.
Brussels
Bucharest .
Buenos Aires, S.A.
Buffalo, U.S. .
Bulgaria •
Burlington, U.S.
Burma .
Butler University, U.S.

College;
College

99,

Cairo
Calcutta

PAQ«

97
199

24

.57

7

97

167

150

80
200
100

76
114

57
193
191

94
111

82

76
197

76
156
200
154
192

82

58
117
107
192
192
9
166
154
7

96
191
166

74
189
102
151

1
I

Cslifornia, U.S.

— Loner ( Vida Mexico).
Cambridge nniversit?, Engiland

— Medii^ School, England

— U.S. .
Canada
Canary Islanda

C&pe Colony ■
Cape Town
Cape Terde Islaudt .
Caneu, SJk. . '

Cayenne, 8.A. .
Celebes .
Ceylon .

Chandemagore
Channel Islands
Cbarleaton, U.S.
CharlotteaviUe, U.S.
Chicago, U.3.
Chili, S.A.
China

Porta goeee •
CliriBtiana
Cincinnati, U.S.
Cleveland, U.S.
Cohonre'. Canada

Ceimbra .

CoUetre of Fhysiciana

N.y. . .
Colombia, S.A.
Colombo Medienl School .
Colorado, U.S.
ColiwibiaCity,U.S.

— College, U.S. .

— Cniyersity, U.S.

— U.S. .
Colnmhni, U.S.
Oonnootiont, U.S.

Copenhagen .
Cork College .

— Medical School
Coraica .
Coeta lUca, C.A.
Cracow .
Cret«
.Cubft
CnmberUnd Uuivereitrr, U.S.

D
Dakota, n.S.' ....
Uamann ....

Dartmouth Medical College, VS.

Delaware, U.S.
Demarara, S.A.
Denmath , .- .

Detroit, U.S.
Din
: Dominica

> DorpnC

■ Dublin Collogea

- Medical Sciiools ■

- Univeiiity .

' Duncdiu, New Zealand
' Darhnm Hodii'si School .
Univcraitj

Dutch Oaiana, S.A. .

I Dutch Slate Board .

E

Bast and We»t Indies

Ecuador, S.A. .
J Edinburgh College* ,
r — Medical Sehooli .

- Uniyersitj .

! Fei.

' EljililaudB .
Florida, U.S. .
' foochow .

i Free Toini College .

' Freiburg-im-Breiflgai

French Ouiana, S.A.

igau

• Qalway College
I — Medical School .
' Qftlveston, U.S.
. Qand
i Geneva, Switzerland

-U.S. .

* QelKMi .

> Cleorgetown, Demarara
I OeorgetowD, U.S. .
I Georgia, n.S. .
i German States Eiaminatione .
t Germany .
< Ghent .
' Gibraltar.

Qiessen .

Qlaagow College

I — Medical Schools

; — Univewlty ■

> Ooa

: OoldCoBit

! G5ttingen

; Granada .

Oranada .
Greusdinea
Oroningen
Quads loupe
QaaUmala, C.A.
Ooeraaey
Onkna, Britiih

— Datch

— French

Haiti . . .
HalifaiiNova Scotia

Hallo

Hadover, U.S 164

Harvard Univeraitj, U.S. . . 156
HsTana 198

; Kansag Cit;, TT.S.
I Earilcal .
1 Kazan .

BDtUclcT, U.S.

KeokuV, U.S. .
I EharkoS

Ehartoum
i Kieff
I Kiel

trille, U.S.
I KOnigsbcTg
Kannbonm

HelBiugfbi

Hobart Town . . . , .203

Holland 98

Hondnnu 192

' — BritUh 194

H9ng-Koiig 107

HouoIdIu 203

Howard UniveiBit;, U.9. . . 147

Hungary 6

Iceland .
Idaho, n.S. .

IUboi«,U.S. .
India, British .

— Pottagflcie ■

Indiana,. U.S. .

Indianapolis, V.S. .

Indian Terrilory, U.S.

In.lita, Raat and Weat

Inoabrftck

Introdaction .

Iowa, U.8. . .

Ireland (vid* Britiib lalanda).

Italy

Jeffenon Medical College, U.S.

Ebumb, U.S 1&2

Lahore .
Lambeth Degree
Laval, Canada .

Leipzig .
Lemb^
Leaier Antillei

Liberia '. '.
LiSge .
Lima, S.A.
LimOEea .
Lincoln Univereltj, 1

Liverpool

London Colligr

— Medical Schools .

— UniTorflitj .
Long Island, U.S
Louieiana, U.S.
LoniaviUe, U.S. .
Lonvain .

Hacagiar .

Usdagascar
Hadara .

Madrid '. '.

Mune, U.S. .

M«orca . .
Hakd

Malaya .' '.

Malta

Mancheiter

Manitoba, U.S.
Haibniy .

Hariegalante .
Muocco ■
U&raeillM
Murtmique
llarjUnd, U.S.
Muuchaietti, V.S
Maarildiu
Uedioal Battam
Helboiii'oe • -
Unnphu, U.S.
MeridB, S.A. .
Mexico •

HUmi Medical Col
MicliigHii, U.S.
HinuewtA, U.S.
Minorca •
HiBBiMippi, U.S.
Viuomi, U.S. .
Mobile, U.S. .
Hodena .
Moiigolia .
Montana, U.S. .
Montenegro .
Moiite' Video, 8.A.
MoDtpellier
Montreal .
Motcow .
Mnnicli .

H

Nagiuaki .

Naple< .'

Naihville.U.S.

MaUl ....

National Medical College,

Niilirnslin. "U.S.

Ncvn<Kl!.S,

New Urunewick, Canada

New Bmnawick, U.S.

HewcasUe-on-TYne .

New England Female College,

NefffonndUnd .

New Qninea .

New Hampsbira. U.S.

Hew Haven, U.S. .

New Jeraej, U.S. .

New Mexico, U.S. .

New Orleana, U.S. .

New South Walea .

New York, U.S.

Hew York City, U.S.

— Utiivi'raity, U.S.
N4W Zeiiliiiid .

Nova Scotia, Ciinada . . IIS
Nubia 116

O

Oceania 200

Ohio, U.S 176

Ontario, Canada .... 120
Oporto . . . . .96

(Range BiTcr Repablic . 116

Or^on, U.S 181

Orkney Islands (ride British Islanda).

Otago,N.Z 203

OtUiwa, Canada .... 123

Oriedo 97

Oxford 24

P
PaciBc University, U.S, , .145

Fadoa S*

Palenno 94

Papna 199

Paris 78

Parma 94

Pavift 94

Pekin 104-106

Penang 118

PennsylTaoia, US 181

Penia 113

Fern, B.A 194

Peeth 7

Philadelphis Medical Cullegos, U.S. . 182

PhiUdelpbia Medical Scbools, U.S. . 187

Philippine Dlands .... 199

PUa 94

Poitiers 76

Pondicberry . . . . , 107

Port-au.PHnce .... 20O

Portland, U.S 181

Fort Natal 116

Porto BJca 199

Portugal : 06

Prague 7

Prince Edward's Island . . 117

Pnit« Medical Collt^e, U.S. . . 179
Punjab University . . .112

Q
Quebec, Canada . . . .129
— University, Canada . 134

Queenalaiid 196

Queen's Univenity, Ireland . . 25

R

Bennes 76

Rhode IsUnd, U.S 187

Biebmond, U.S 190

Bio-de-Janeiro, S.A. . .192

Bomo .... .94

Bostoek 89

Botunania , , , • . 96

INDEX

209

Rash Medical College, U.S.
Russia ....

PACK

150
96

S
Saint Andrews

— Helena

— Louis, U.S.

— Lucia .

— Petersburg

— Vincent
Salamanca
Salerno .
San Carlos University, C.A.

— Domingo Island .
Sandwich Islands
San Fransisco, U.S. .

— Jos^, C.A. .

— Marcos University, S.A.

— Salvador, C.A.

S.A.

Santiago, S.A. .

Saragossa

Sarawak ....

Sardinia ....

Savanna, U.S. .

Scotland (vide British Islands)

Servia ....

Seville ....

Sheffield .

Shetland Islands {vide British Islands).

Siam

Sicily

Siena

Sierra Leone .

Sinde

Singapore

Sofia

South Carolina, U.S.

South Sea Islands .

South-Western University, U.S.

Spain

Staats-examen, Germany

Stamboul

Stariing Medical College, U.S.

Stockholm

Strassburg

Sumatra .

Sweden •

Swiss State Examination Boards

Switzerland

Sydney .

Syracuse, U.S.

Syria

Tartary .
Tasmania
Teheran .
Tennessee, U.S.
Texas, U.S.

26
202
162
199

97
199

97

94
194
200
202
145
193
194
195
192
193

97
197

97
149

97
97

74

114

97

94

116

113

113

74

187

203

188

97

91

101

180

98

89

200

98

101

98

197

175

114

106
203
114
188
188

Tibet .....

Tobago

T6ki6

Toland Medical College, U.S. .

Torino

Toronto Medical Schools, Canada

— Universities, Canada .
Toulouse ....

Trinidad

Tubingen ....

Turin

Turkestan ....
Turkey, Asiatic

— European ....

U
Union University, U.S. .
United States of America

Upsala

Uruguay, S.A.

Utah, U.S

Utrecht

PA OK

103, 106
199
113
145

95
128
124

76
199

90

95

103, 106
114
101

165
135

98
195
188

93

Valencia

Valetta

Valladolid ....
Valparaiso, S.A.
Vancouver Island, Canada
Venezuela, S.A.
Vermont, U.S.

Victoria

Vienna

Virginia, "U.S.

W

Warsaw

Washington City, U.S. .

— District, U.S. .

— University, U.S. .
Wellesley Province .
Western Reserve Medical College^

u.o. .....

West Indies ....

West Virginia, U.S.

Wien

Willamette University, U.S. .
Wilmington, U.S. •
Winona Medical School, U.S. .
Wisconsin, U.S.
Wooster University, U.§.
Wurzburg ....
Wyoming, U.S.

Y
Yale Medical College, U.S.

Yanaon

Yedo

Zanzibar
Zurich

97

95

97

193

117

195

188

196

7

190

97
145
190
155
113

179
197
190
7
181
176
161
190
180
90
190

147
107
113

117
10(

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